A paper generally consists of title, author, table of contents, abstract, key words, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable. The composition order of the paper is: title, author, abstract, keywords, English title, English abstract, English keywords, text, references, appendix and thanks.

subject

Title description

The title should be concise, specific and accurate, which can summarize the specific content of the paper, help to select keywords, and conform to the relevant principles of compiling title catalogue, indexing and retrieval.

Propositional model

Concise and to the point.

English title method

(1) English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributes; The title of phrase type should determine the head word and then modify it before and after. The order of each word is very important, and improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression.

(2) Generally don't use declarative sentences, because the title mainly plays a marking role, and declarative sentences are easy to make the title judgmental, not refined and not eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refuting), the question can be used as the title, because the question has an exploratory tone and is easy to arouse the reader's interest.

The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed.

④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference.

⑤ In the English title of the paper. Don't use anything that can or can't be used.

author

Signature specification

The author's signature is placed under the title, or the author of the group author can be marked in the footer of the first page. Sometimes, the author's name can also be marked at the end of the article.

Example: Physics Department of Wang Jun Normal University, Beijing100875; Department of Physics, Zhang Hong ××× Education College, Beijing 1000 1 1.

(Note: The number at the back is the postcode of the college)

catalogue

A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

abstract

Abstract is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short, concise and complete. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. For all kinds of full-text databases or abstract databases on the Internet, abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents, which provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval databases. It is a comprehensive introduction to the paper, so that people can understand the main contents of the paper. After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases without modification or slight modification, so that readers can know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the title, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others compile the abstract. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.

standard

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

key word

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).

standard

Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases.

English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are marked with "keywords:" or "[keywords]"; English keywords are marked with "keywords:".

Key words should be selected from the National Standard Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible; Important terms and names of new disciplines, regions, people and documents that are not included in the glossary can also be used as keywords. Keywords should be general technical terms that can cover the main content of the paper.

Method of selecting keywords

The general selection method of keywords is: after the author finishes writing the paper, he selects from its title, hierarchical title and text (high frequency and key words).

Paper text

general idea

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Questions-arguments;

B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;

C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;

D. conclusion.

In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.

ask

Taking the graduation thesis as an example, this paper explains the text typesetting format of the thesis:

① There are two blank lines between the text and "keywords";

(2) The Chinese text adopts Song Ti No.4; The English text is Times New Roman 12, the headline is in bold type No.4, and the headline English is Times New Roman 14, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, 1.25 times the line spacing;

③ The levels between paragraphs should be clear, and the use of title numbers should be standardized. The graduation design of science and engineering majors can determine the specific serial number and level requirements according to the actual situation;

(4) Writing requirements: the writing is fluent, the language is fluent, there are no typos, and there are no questions and remarks that violate political principles. Manuscripts should be printed by computer, and A4 paper should be used uniformly;

⑤ Chart requirements: all charts, circuit diagrams, flow charts, program block diagrams, schematic diagrams, etc. It is not allowed to draw by hand, but must be drawn by computer or hand according to the work requirements stipulated by the state. The Chinese characters in the chart are in the shape of Xiao Wu Song. English is Times New Roman 10. 5; Chart numbers should be continuous, as shown in figure 1, figure 2, table 1, table 2, etc. The number of the diagram is placed at the bottom of the diagram, the number of the table is placed at the top of the table, and there can be no edges on the left and right sides of the table;

⑥ Words: generally not less than 1500 (according to the teacher's requirements);

⑦ Views and data cited in academic papers. Indicate the source and use endnotes.

Format requirement

[1] The manuscript is a word file (A4 pages) with unified typesetting.

page setup

Paper type: A4 standard paper direction: portrait

Margin: 3cm on the left, 2.5cm pairs; The top margin and bottom margin are the default values: 2.8 cm for the top and 2.5 cm for the bottom.

Header 1.5cm, footer1.5cm.

format

Line spacing: (multiple line spacing) 1.25 times

Characters and numbers used to specify serial numbers.

Chinese and English topics: bold and centered on the second bold; English (below the Chinese title), 2nd time Silla Romana font, bold and centered.

Specific contents of Chinese and English abstracts, keywords and references: No.5.

Chart requirements

The drawings are neat, the layout is reasonable, the line thickness is uniform, the arc connection is smooth, the size is standardized, and it meets the drawing standards. Illustrations and tables must have numbers and titles, with icon title No.5 and table title No.4. 。

Express gratitude/gratitude

As researchers, we should respect the expressions of units and individuals who have helped to form academic papers and affirm their role in the formation of academic papers.

Thanks should be given to the following aspects:

Horizontal project contractors, enterprises, organizations or individuals that fund or support research;

Organizations or individuals that assist in the completion of research work or provide convenient conditions;

Someone who gives advice or help in research work;

Owners of materials, pictures, documents, research ideas and ideas that have the right to reprint and quote;

Other organizations or individuals that should be thanked.

But gratitude is not the same as reference and notes.

meaning

A scientific research achievement or technological innovation is often not accomplished by one person, but also needs the support and help of human, financial and material resources from all sides. So many papers have listed "thanks" at the end. I am mainly grateful for the help I got in the process of completing my thesis, which is a sign of humility and courtesy in academic circles.

refer to

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper.