Please compare, which of the following two composition outlines is better? The title of the composition is "Sacrificing to Sweep the Tomb of the Martyrs".
The first paragraph of the outline (1): Arrive at the Martyrs Cemetery.
The second paragraph: sweeping the grave.
The third paragraph: the feeling of sweeping the grave.
Outline (2) Central idea: I miss the revolutionary martyrs, and I am determined to carry on my legacy and study hard to realize the "four modernizations".
The first paragraph: Come to the Martyrs Cemetery. Explain the time, place, participants and purpose of the activity. (omitted)
The second paragraph: sweeping the grave. 1 building: what you saw and heard when you entered the martyrs cemetery. The second floor: the grave-sweeping ceremony in front of the revolutionary martyrs monument: offering wreaths and giving eulogies; The demeanor and solemn atmosphere of teachers and students at the ceremony. The third floor: I feel when I sweep the grave. (omitted)
By comparison, we can see that outline (2) is better than outline (1). The reasons are: on the one hand, the outline writes out the central idea to be expressed in this composition. With the central idea, when selecting and assembling materials, we can closely focus on the center and will not stray from the topic. On the other hand, this outline is more specific, you can rely on it when writing articles, and you won't think of where to write it. The outline indicates where to write in detail and where to write slightly. When writing an article, it will be very detailed and the center of the article will be clear.
The first step is to write the central idea concisely. The central idea is the meaning reflected by the events written in the article, which is the problem to be explained in this paper. So the center must be clear, relevant to the topic and concise.
In short, the outline should be carefully thought out. The outline should be written clearly, concisely and practically.
2. How to write the composition outline, composition, outline and outline generally include the following aspects: 1. Title; 2. Central idea; 3. Content points and writing order (paragraphs, organization); 4. Detail writing and sketching skills. Drawing an outline can make the center clear, coherent and focused. -The following is the detailed knowledge about the outline: 1. The significance of writing an outline is in the process of writing a graduation thesis. As far as the outline itself is concerned, it is the concrete embodiment of the author's conception and writing. The so-called conception and writing is to organize the design of the text structure of graduation thesis, because the writing of graduation thesis is not like writing a short poem, a short essay or a reading note, and it is easy to express an idea and a feeling with a single material and a few sentences. Instead, we should use a lot of materials, more levels and strict reasoning to discuss from all aspects, explain the reasons and demonstrate our own views. Therefore, it is very important to conceive and plan an article. You must prepare a writing outline, arrange materials and demonstrate in an orderly manner. With a good outline, we can grasp the basic skeleton of the whole paper and make the structure of the paper complete. We can distinguish levels, clarify key points, carefully plan the layout of articles, and organically unify general arguments and sub-arguments; You can also arrange, organize and use materials according to the requirements of each part, and decide whether to choose or not to give full play to the role of materials. Some students are unwilling to write an outline, preferring to write the first draft directly. If they don't have an outline of the full text in mind, and if the arguments, arguments and demonstration steps of the full text are still confused in their minds, it is very necessary and beneficial to write an outline, which has at least the following three advantages: First, it can reflect the author's overall thinking. Outline is a logical diagram composed of sequence codes and words, and it is a design drawing to help the author consider the logic of the whole article. Its advantage lies in that it is convenient for the author to grasp the overall situation of the paper structure, with clear hierarchy, clear focus, conciseness and clarity at a glance. Second, it is conducive to the echo of the paper. Having an outline can help us establish a global concept and start from the whole. When testing the position and function of each part, whether there is a logical connection between them, whether the space occupied by each part is commensurate with its position and function in the overall situation, whether the proportion between each part is appropriate and harmonious, whether every word, every sentence, every paragraph and every part is needed by the overall situation, whether they are harmonious, and whether they cooperate with each other to become an organic part of the whole and can serve the development of the topic. After such thinking and preparation, the structure of the paper can be unified and complete, and it can serve the expression of the content of the paper well. Thirdly, it is beneficial to timely adjustment and avoid major rework. In the research and writing process of graduation thesis, the author's thinking activity is very active. Some unremarkable materials, seemingly irrelevant materials, often produce new associations or new ideas after familiarity and in-depth thinking. If you don't write an outline carefully, you will be disturbed by this phenomenon and have to stop. This not only increases the workload, but also greatly affects the writing mood. The outline of graduation thesis is like the blueprint of the project. As long as you carefully consider the outline before you start writing and spend more time and energy to make it solid, you can form a clear and logical paper framework, thus avoiding a lot of unnecessary rework. In addition, students who write papers for the first time can understand their ideas at first sight if they write an outline and then ask others. It is easier to put forward some suggestions for revision and supplement, so that you can get effective guidance. Second, the steps of writing an outline can be: (1) determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text. Abstract is the prototype of the content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the books. In this way, the reader can know the general content of the book as soon as he turns over the abstract. We also need to write an abstract of the paper first. Before writing, list the title, headline and subtitle of the paper, and then delete the selected materials to form a summary of the paper. (2) Page allocation of manuscripts After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis according to the content of the thesis, and how many words should be written in each part of the article? If you plan to write a paper with 20 pages of manuscript paper (300 words per page), you can consider using 65,438+0 pages as the preface, 65,438+07 pages as the paper and 65,438+0-2 pages as the conclusion. If this paper has four projects, you can write the first project in 3-4 pages and the second project in 2 pages. Writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5,000-6,000 words, because it is too short and difficult to get through the problems. As a graduation thesis, it should not be too long, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students. (3) The outline of writing an outline paper can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only hints at the main points of the paper and does not involve how to unfold it. But because it is composed of careful consideration, it can be written smoothly. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking. Taking the thinking of cultivating and perfecting the construction labor market as an example, a simple outline can be written as: 1. Foreword 2. This theory (1) is the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market (2) the basic situation of the current construction labor market (3) the countermeasures for cultivating and perfecting the construction labor market. List the main arguments and development parts of the paper in detail. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you will write more smoothly. Here, taking "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, this paper introduces the method of compiling a detailed outline: 1. Preface 1. Put forward the central topic; 2. Explain the writing intention. Second, this theory (1) is the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market; 2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market; 3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market; 4. Construction labor market.
3. How to guide primary school students to write composition outlines? In the composition requirements from "Basic Training 3" to "Basic Training 8", whether writing notes or landscape articles, it is required to "draw up an outline before writing" (see the textbook for specific requirements).
So, how to guide primary school students to write a composition outline? First of all, understand the content of the composition outline. In composition class, after knowing the title of an article, we must first determine the center of the article, then decide which materials to choose to express the center, and then list the selected materials in a certain order. This is the outline of the composition. The composition outline generally includes three aspects: 1, composition topic 2, article center 3, material arrangement 2, and distinguishing the types of composition outline. The composition of primary school students is mostly narrative, and the types of writing outlines are usually as follows: the first is chronological.
Students all know that there are spring, summer, autumn and winter in a year, early, middle and late in January and early, middle and late in a day. When writing, time comes first and time comes later.
The following outline falls into this category. Title: Write down a spring outing. Center: Express your love for nature and hometown through the narration of spring outing.
Material arrangement: (-) Depart at 8: 00 am (specify time, place, people and things), arrive at the destination after 9: 00 am, organize activities 1, and see the beautiful scenery 2. Collect plant specimens. The game country will come back at noon (talk about feelings or lyrics).
4. What are the steps to write a composition outline? In recent two years, people have paid more and more attention to the form of composition of college entrance examination materials. Because of its diverse forms and rich test sites, it can arouse candidates' desire to write, and it is favored by the senior high school entrance examination, which is likely to replace the "topic" composition. Generally speaking, the content of material composition is divided into two categories. One is "thematic" materials. In a given paragraph, express a relatively centralized center or express a relatively clear semantic direction. After we summarized this center, we conceived and wrote according to the "center", which was completely around the "material". We regard this material composition as a "topic" composition. Only the link of refining center has been added. The other is a "selective" material. In a given text, to show several aspects of a given topic, candidates only need to choose one aspect to write. This form is more common in "aphorisms" and "words of philosophers". Faced with flexible forms of expression and colorful text content, candidates often can't grasp the essence of the material, which leads to digression and digression, which becomes a problem. In the face of materials, candidates should be "calm", abandon all impetuous emotions and adjust their writing state-this is the premise of writing a good composition. The examination should be "three clears" 1. Look at the material clearly and understand the content. When reading the material, we should pay attention to judge what kind of material this material belongs to, specifically understand the content of the whole material, and truly understand the material. Refining center. This link is the key to decide whether to digress, so we must take it seriously. On the basis of understanding the content of the article as a whole, if it is "topic-based" content, it is necessary to summarize its center and clarify the main idea of the material, which is the theme to be determined in writing; If it is "selective" content, you need to choose a point to determine the main direction of this point, so as to determine the writing theme of the composition. 3. See clearly the requirements and standardize the writing. After reading the materials, you must not ignore the "writing requirements". The requirements after material description need to be read carefully. If there are words such as "based on materials" and "combined with materials", it is best to skillfully reflect the content or shadow of the materials in the composition. If there are no above requirements, you can quote or not. Then look at the specific writing requirements, and make clear the limitations of the composition in terms of the proposed topic, style, writing method and number of words. And then write in a standardized way, and you must never "cross the line". The idea is "material deduction" 1. Clarify the theme of the article. Theme is the soul of the article and the main link between materials. This is a necessary condition for writing a good composition. Whether narrative or argumentative, the theme should be directly related to the given material and reflected in all parts of the composition (beginning, middle and end), so it is particularly important to design the "topic" when conceiving. If you want to write a narrative, the key part is the part that embodies the theme of the article most intensively. This part of the description should be as rich and vivid as possible to clarify its position in the article and further highlight the theme of the article. 3. Buckle the center of gravity and clarify the highlights of the article. The highlight of the article is the most attractive place, which can be the selection of materials, plot conception, language expression, rhetoric application and so on. No matter what, in short, candidates need
5. How to write the outline of the article-simple outline 1, preface 2, this theory (1)...(2) ...(3) ... III. Conclusion-detailed outline 1. Preface 1. Put forward the central topic; 2. Explain the writing intention. Second, this theory (1) ...1.2.3.4. (2) ...1.2, 3.4, (3) ...1.2.3.4.5, three. Overview ... 2. Echoing the preface at the beginning. Ideas for writing academic papers (1) Ideas and requirements for writing articles 1. The idea should revolve around the theme. In order to make the paper clear, it is necessary to make the full text have a running line, which is the theme of the paper. Theme is the essence of academic papers. It reflects the author's academic views and opinions. The influence of a paper on readers is mainly realized through its theme. Therefore, before writing a paper, the ideas of the article should focus on the theme and serve the theme. As the French painter Miller said, "The so-called thought refers to the art of transmitting one's own thoughts to others". This article is very important. Strive for a complete and unified structure. When designing a thesis, it is sometimes found that it needs to be written in chronological order, and sometimes it needs to be written in geographical position (space) order, but it still needs to be written in logical relationship, that is, it needs to conform to the internal relations and laws of objective things and the logic of scientific research and understanding things. However, no matter what the situation, it must be reasonable, coherent and complete. Sometimes, there are several writing schemes when you conceive. This needs comparison. Comparatively speaking, with the deepening of thinking, the thinking of writing will go through a process from complex to simple, from complicated to clear clues. At this time, it is necessary to seize the opportunity of epiphany at the right time and determine a better plan in accordance with the spirit of "decisive decision" of the ancients. When conceiving, it is required to "have readers in mind" and do more reader analysis. With a clear reader, we can effectively develop our ideas and successfully determine the angle, material selection and expression of our ideas. Generally speaking, readers can be divided into professional readers, non-professional readers, leaders in charge or heads of scientific and technological institutions, and people have different requirements and evaluation criteria for scientific and technological articles. For academic papers, the readers are professional readers of the same major. Therefore, the conception should be considered from the perspective of meeting the needs and development of the major, determining the depth and breadth of materials and expressions, and clarifying the key points of the paper. If a paper contains several topics of different importance, the author should distinguish between the primary and secondary topics and consider how to transition from the secondary topic to the main topic in order to arouse the interest of professional readers. (2) It is hard to imagine how to improve the ability of conception. An author with unclear ideas will write a paper with clear organization and clear context. Therefore, it is important to improve the thinking ability through writing practice, and the ability to conceive papers will also be improved accordingly. Before writing an academic paper formally, it is of great help to the author to exercise his thinking and improve his conception ability. This method has been proved to be one of the effective methods by long-term practice. According to data reports, about 95% of the scientific and technical personnel in the world make an outline first and then write according to it. The function of writing an outline is as follows: 1. Writing outline, similar to a blueprint of Zhang Jianshe, can help the author outline the framework or outline of the whole paper, reflect his initial ideas formed after digesting materials and logical thinking, and plan what to write first, how to express it coherently, and where to focus. Where do you need some comments or explanations? Writing according to this plan can make the paper clear in level, coherent in content and closely expressed. 2. To draw up a writing outline, you only need to use some simple sentences or even word phrases to prompt, and organically organize the material units and corresponding arguments into serial numbers. The workload is not big, and it is easy to do. When writing an outline, it is like turning a kaleidoscope as a whole, just turn it a little. New patterns will emerge. The same is true of the adjustment of the outline. It should be said that it is much easier to adjust the high-speed outline than to write the humanities without an outline. Sentences used in the outline to prompt writing can sometimes be used as the title of a paper paragraph. Thus, through the drafting of the writing outline, the structure of the paper is determined, and the whole paper forms a unified and complete theoretical system. The drafting of the outline was finished by the busy author and co-author yesterday. The latter can help collaborators to divide their work according to the outline and avoid repetition and omission caused by each writing. [Example] Paper: Influence of foundation stiffness on stress of arch dam (research object: Ertan arch dam foundation) 1. Introduction 1. Introduction to the geographical position and shape of arch dams II. Introduction of geology and geomorphology of dam site. It is suggested that there are local defects in the dam foundation (1 asymmetry of dam foundation stiffness on the left and right banks; There is a basalt weak zone in the middle of the right bank dam foundation; ) Four different homogeneous modulus foundations are introduced to calculate the stress of dam body respectively. Secondly, the influence of foundation stiffness on the load distribution of beams and arches is analyzed. The influence of λ value of (1) uniform foundation is 1. The expression of λ is given. 2. Draw "uniform foundations with different variable modulus on beams and arches, 3. Provide the main geometric parameters table of "86" arch dam. Argument: the influence of λ change on the load distribution at the arch end is far less than that on the vault. (2) The influence of asymmetry of foundation stiffness on both banks is 1. Draw the graph of "the influence of asymmetric foundation stiffness on the load distribution of beams and arches on both sides" (right or wrong, draw three graphs of the right end and vault respectively). 2. Analyze the graphical results. (3) The influence of local low modulus change is 1. Draw three figures for the left end, the right end and the crown respectively. 2. Analyze the graphical results. Summarize the above three parts [explain the influence degree for (1), (2) and (3) one by one]. 3. Influence of foundation stiffness on dam body reset 1. Unified foundation (figure). 2. Asymmetric foundation on both sides (figure and table). 3. The influence of local foundation stiffness reduction (Figure). 4. Influence of foundation stiffness on dam stress 1. Influence of λ value change on dam stress under uniform foundation (Figure and Table). 2.
6. Writing outline: 1. Center 3. Briefly summarize the main contents (points) 4. Writing method 5. Material 1. Title outline This kind of outline is relatively simple, and only the title of the paragraph is written. This is a title composition outline, which marks the writing points of each paragraph with concise words. It is characterized by concise words and fast speed. Suitable for people who are familiar with the writing content or have a tight time. However, for beginners, it is difficult to guide the composition. Edit paragraph 2. The outline of the main points is more detailed, which means not only indicating the center of the composition, but also writing the general content of the composition; At the same time, it is necessary to explain the details of the article. Edit paragraph 3. Requirements for writing an outline 1. Examining questions, centering and selecting materials are the basis of writing a good composition. Writing an outline should be carried out in three orders: examining the topic, establishing the center and selecting materials. Writing topics generally stipulate the scope of writing (taking notes, writing scenes, writing objects, etc.). ) and. Therefore, only by examining the questions, can we make clear what to write and how to write it, and avoid the problem of irrelevant and off-topic. The central idea is the soul of an article. When writing an outline of a composition, only by establishing the center can we focus on selecting materials, determining the key points, arranging details and so on. When selecting materials, we should pay attention to closely surrounding the central idea of the article and choose authentic, fresh and interesting materials, so that the central idea of the article can be clearly and profoundly reflected. Be concise and achieve the purpose of writing. Edit this paragraph. 4. Outline narrative composition: 1. Outline 1. Reason two. Process 3. Result 2. Main content 3. Edit this paragraph with the central idea. You should pay attention to the following 1. First write down the content of the idea, that is, the central idea of the argument or the theme of the narrative, and then write out the main material tips to be used in each paragraph according to this idea; The detailed arrangement of each paragraph and the writing method to be used in each paragraph. This can make the thinking smooth, the text structure complete and the details appropriate. 3. Outline structure. Take narrative as an example. There are four bases: ① According to the process of things (beginning, process and result). ② According to the turning point of time (early, middle and late). What to do in the end) draw up. (4) according to the transformation of space (such as at home, on the road, at school). (4) The tone of the outline need not be carefully selected, as long as it can be understood. Even if there are sick sentences, missing words and typos, it should be put into formal writing to ponder. Detail contour and simple contour are divided into details. The simplest outline is called a first-class outline. A more detailed outline is called a first-level outline. A very detailed outline is a three-level outline. A simple outline: you can use a sentence, a phrase or a mark as a hint for the main paragraph. Remind yourself not to leave out minor parts. Edit this paragraph. 6. Outline example "Dad is asleep" (narrative) The first paragraph: Write that Dad will go to the park with our family. The second paragraph: Write that Dad is a funny and desperate person at work. The third paragraph: Write that Dad fell asleep in the park. The first paragraph of "Pride Makes People Backward" (argumentative essay) puts forward an argument. The second paragraph: demonstrate the argument with examples from all over the world. The third paragraph: further illustrate the argument with examples. The fourth paragraph: Conclusion The above two simple first-level outlines can only give a rough outline of the full text. It is generally uncertain to start writing according to such an outline. If you want to type it from beginning to end,
7. How to list and expand the outline of a word? Outline is the product of composition conception stage. Conception is the overall design of the composition, with abstract thinking as the main theme. There is no composition without ideas, but some ideas are not easy to see because of the short time, and some ideas take years. An idea expressed in words is an outline. For composition, an outline is both important and necessary. But in fact, quite a few students don't pay attention to outlining. They write and write without thinking. As a result, they didn't know what they had written, so they had to tear it up, rewrite it and tear it up again. This has a lot to do with not outlining. According to the author's investigation, only 13% students have the habit of outlining. Some people think that the outline is dispensable, while others think it is unnecessary. In order to cope with teachers, some people even write a composition first, and then "write it up". This is really putting the cart before the horse and deceiving others too much. What is the purpose of compiling an outline? Let's understand the meaning of the outline first "Outline" originally refers to the main rope on the Internet; "Outline" is the main rope that holds the Internet. The ancients believed that only by connecting the whole fishing net to the main rope would the fishing net be organized and not messy. A person who is good at casting a net must be the main rope of pulling the net, rather than pulling open countless meshes one by one. These principles can be used to illustrate the importance of writing an outline. The outline is the "skeleton" of the article. It is important to make an outline before writing, just as it is important for a worker to have a design plan when he was in Gai Lou. When writing a composition, you have a lot to say and a lot of materials to write. If you don't make an outline in advance, write whatever comes to mind. Articles written in this way are usually loosely structured and unorganized. If you roughly consider in advance: which materials to write first, which materials to write later, which materials to write in detail, which materials to abbreviate, how many layers the article is divided into, how to connect the whole story in series, and make an outline in advance, then it will be smoother to write, and often it can be done at one go. Therefore, writing an outline of a composition helps to clarify the thinking. The process of writing an outline is actually a process of sorting out ideas, sorting out materials and organizing structure. The outline should truly reflect your own ideas, be clear-cut, clear-cut, concise and to the point, and highlight the main points of each part of the article. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. Starting with dividing paragraphs and summarizing the general idea of paragraphs, improve the ability of writing outlines. Outlines are not innate. Students usually divide the text into paragraphs and summarize the general idea of the paragraphs. In fact, the level and general idea of this paragraph are the outline of the author's writing. It is very helpful to improve your own outline to practice writing an outline of the text frequently. Please read Mr. Lu Xun's "From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue". The level of paragraphs and the general idea of paragraphs are as follows: The full text is divided into two parts: The first part (1-8) describes the free, happy and interesting life of Mr. Lu Xun in the Herbal Garden during his childhood. The first floor (section 1-2): Generally speaking, Baicao Garden is his childhood paradise. It vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of Baicao Garden. The third paragraph is the transition: introducing the legend of the beautiful snake. The second floor (paragraphs 4-6) tells the story of the beautiful snake told by my mother. The third floor (paragraphs 7-8) is about the fun of shooting snowmen and catching birds in the Baicaoyuan in winter. The second part (paragraphs 9-24) is about Lu Xun's childhood in feudal books. I left the Herbal Garden and came to Santan to reflect the moon. The second floor (paragraph 10- 1 1): Write about the monotonous and desolate environment in the reflection of the moon in Santan. And introduced the strict teachers in the bookstore. The third floor (paragraph 12-23): describes in detail the boring life of studying and studying in reflecting the moon in Santan. The fourth layer (paragraph 24): wrote Lu Xun's criticism of feudal education. If Mr. Lu Xun made an outline when writing, it would be his outline. The outline generally includes the following contents: 1. Title. Write the title (or supplementary title) in the middle of the first line. 1. Main content and center. Under the heading, briefly write the main content of the composition and the central idea to be expressed. 4. Structural arrangements. This is the most important part of the composition outline. When designing, we need to pay attention to the following five points: 1 Arrange the organization order of materials. What to write first. The full text is divided into several paragraphs, and what to write in each paragraph should be organized in a certain order in the form of subtitles. (2) determine the key content. According to the needs of the expression center, determine which content is primary and which is secondary, and mark the words "detailed", "secondary detailed" and "omitted"; Key paragraphs should be written in several layers, which layer should be written first and which layer should be written later, and the steps and order of preparing to write key paragraphs should be listed in detail. (3) According to the materials selected in the article and the central idea to be expressed, determine the methods of beginning and ending, and simply write down the outline. (4) We should design the timing and specific methods of topic selection. (5) How to connect and transition between levels and paragraphs, what contents need to be taken into account and how to take care of them. Explain it briefly. Second, the preparation of the outline should vary from person to person and from article to article. "Writing has its own rules, but there is no fixed pattern" is an idiom in writing. Similarly, the preparation of the outline is "there is a law to follow, there is no fixed formula", and there is no fixed format. Don't turn an outline into a formula, and don't use the same format even for articles with similar themes. If you use the framework of portrait, language, action, psychological activities and detailed description of characters to "set" and outline, such outline will not only help you write a good composition, but will make your composition nondescript. Because of different styles, the outline should be written in different ways. Narrative, for example, can be written according to the order of time and space or the development process of events, or according to flashback and pen insertion. Argumentative essays can generally be written according to introduction, theory and conclusion, or they can be written according to the transition; The explanatory text should grasp the characteristics of the explanatory object and be written in space, time or logical order. In addition, there is a memory problem. What is memory? It is the author's deep thinking about what to write and how to write the article before writing.