1, research paper, mainly collecting data, testing hypotheses through certain methods, showing results and discussing. This is also the most common format of research papers. The core content of the research paper is originality and new knowledge.

2. Methods and technical papers. This paper generally introduces new software or methods, new workflow or data standards, such as Darwin's core data exchange standard, plant specimen image acquisition process and specific requirements.

3. Data thesis, which generally introduces the process of data and data collection and generation, or the process of standardization, and provides preliminary statistical charts.

4. Review the paper. Summary is a paper that summarizes, comments and looks forward to the research status in a certain field. Summative papers, in order to introduce the research progress in detail, are often discussed from the aspects of the history, present situation, problems and prospects of the subject, so there are more references than general research papers.

5. Summary papers are generally papers that scholars express their personal views on a certain research progress or phenomenon, which is close to summary to some extent, but due to the limitation of space, it is difficult to show the whole picture of a certain field. Papers such as opinion summary should use data to support their own views and be well-founded.