Through the investigation of perennial flowers in urban green space in Hangzhou and other places, it is found that there are some problems in the application of perennial flowers, such as few species, narrow distribution range and poor landscape quality, which are in sharp contrast with the advantages of long ornamental period, high ornamental value, strong adaptability and wide natural distribution. In order to realize the harmony of scientific and artistic plant landscaping, it is necessary to introduce, domesticate and popularize perennial flowers, and actively do a good job in the application of perennial flowers in Hangzhou landscaping.

Landscape plants are scientific and artistic [1]. The so-called scientificity is the process of "imitating nature" in plant landscaping. The so-called artistry is the "high naturalness" landscape effect after plant landscaping. In ICJ landscaping of modern cities, there is a defect of ignoring the role of perennial flowers in plant landscaping, which forms a "natural imitation" in plant landscaping. Based on the investigation and analysis of the application of perennial flowers in plant landscaping in Hangzhou and other places, this paper starts with the relationship between perennial flowers and other plants, perennial flowers and their growth environment conditions.

1 characteristics of perennial flowers

Perennial flowers are divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, perennial flowers refer to perennial herbs with ornamental value. Such as Paeonia lactiflora, Illicium verum, Canna, Lycoris radiata, etc. Perennial flowers in a broad sense refer to perennial plants with ornamental value, including perennial herbs, woody ground cover plants, flowering shrubs, flowering trees and bonsai. Like Ophiopogon japonicus. O p h iop og on sp. ，S ed um sp。 And other ground cover plants; Trees and flowering shrubs, such as plum blossom, lily, water bayberry, etc. In this paper, perennial flowers refer to a narrow concept.

Perennial flowers can be divided into perennial flowers and bulbous flowers because of the different shapes of their underground parts. Compared with other flowers, perennial flowers have outstanding characteristics: ① planting once and enjoying for many years; ② Because the plants are relatively short, they are suitable for flower beds, flower borders, flower bushes, flower belts and ground covers; ③ Strong decorative effect and high ornamental value; ④ strong adaptability; ⑤ Simple management and less investment [3]

2 Application status of perennial flowers in plant landscaping

Application status

Through the investigation of the existing urban green space in Zhejiang Province, the application of perennial flowers in plant landscaping obviously lags behind other ten plants. Taking Hangzhou as an example, the application of perennial flowers in urban garden green space shows many advantages.

Features: ① Monotonous species, few commonly used species, such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Allium fistulosum, Oxalis purpurea, Iris, Lycoris radiata, etc. Canna, canna, water lily, lotus, etc. ② The distribution range is narrow and the number is small? 6? 1 According to the survey results, perennial flowers are relatively concentrated in Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou Flower Shop, Huagang Fish Watching and Zhejiang University. Few of them can form a certain scale and landscape effect, and most of them are scattered and scattered. (3) The layout is more common in lawn edges, tree holes under trees, scenic forests and roadside flower borders, which are sparse and messy, and the landscape effect is average.

2.2 Cause analysis

There are many reasons for the poor application of perennial flowers, which can be summarized as follows: ① flowers should be cultivated indoors and stored indoors for viewing, and the introduction and domestication of perennial flowers in the open field are not considered enough, which leads to insufficient application in plant landscaping; ② Flowers are plant materials designed for flower beds and flower borders, so in the survey, perennial flowers only appear in flower beds and flower borders, and other occasions are obviously less; (3) For various reasons, green designers can only do general design before they shed tears, and their sense of innovation is not enough. The main reason is that most green designers don't know much about all aspects of garden plants, let alone perennial flowers.

Selection of perennial flowers and their application in landscaping

There are 3878 species of vascular plants in Laishi, Zhejiang Province, belonging to 23 1 family, 1, 367 genera, accounting for 65% of the total. 9%, 4Q 9%, the national 14.2%. There are rich plant species. Perennial flowers are also quite common, mainly distributed in ferns and monocots. 6? 1

3 1 Selection of Perennial Flowers

3. 1. 1 Selecting perennial flowers according to the requirements of ecological factors has certain requirements and adaptability to ecological factors, and suitable perennial flowers can be selected according to different site conditions such as light, moisture and soil. Shade-tolerant perennial flowers, such as H osta ventricosa and Reineckia carnea, should be selected in places where scattered light is dominant, such as trees and the north of buildings.

(Speirantha garclenii), Py rrosia lingua, aspid istra elatior, etc. Perennial flowers born in Xiyang should be selected in open space or roadside, such as Zeghyranthes canclicla and Canna (C. Two. G enera l is)。 Ophiopogon japonicus, peony, clematis, Solidago. Drill-shaped fluke. Vericolor, D ahlid p innata, etc. In the water environment, aquatic perennial flowers should be selected, such as reed, cattail, lotus, water lily, poplar, peach blossom and iris. Perennial rock flowers should be selected in the rock garden, such as autumn peony, gentian, stoneweed, Leymus chinensis, Sedum and Saxifraga. 6? 1

3. 1.2 Select perennial flowers according to the application function.

Flowers can be used as flower bed layout, flower border decoration, undergrowth ground cover, art decoration, flower belt and other landscaping. These different application methods have different requirements for perennial flowers. For example, flower beds require many perennial flowers, low plants, neat growth, concentrated flowering period, dense plants and colorful colors or leaves. For example, Zeg Yan ranthes g rand if lora, Pogostemon fragrans, Tulip (gesnriana, Tulipa), hyacinthus orientalis (Orientalis, Hyacinthus), Aesculus chinensis, Perennial Flukau, etc. The flower border requires perennial flowers to be diverse, rich in color, staggered in shape, flowering period can come first, and varieties can be combined in many ways. Landscape should pay attention to harmony and contrast, and management and maintenance should be more labor-saving and money-saving. Optional plants are oleander, iris (1) and chrysanthemum indicum. The ground under the forest requires shade-tolerant perennial flowers, such as evergreen, anchovies and reincarnation. For fences and scaffolding, vines and perennial flowers are needed, such as clematis c lanatia f lorida; Perennial flowers with dense clusters, regular flowering period and long flowering period can be selected for the flower belt, such as daffodils, day lilies, chrysanthemums, and shearwaters.

3.2 Application of perennial flowers in landscaping

3.2: 1 form a perennial flower garden with high ornamental value. According to their growth characteristics and artistic requirements, special gardens can be formed, such as Peony Garden, Aquatic Botanical Garden, Weiying Garden and Rock Garden. 6? 1 indoor garden, etc.

3.2 Matching with buildings, roads and water bodies The harmonious relationship between perennial flowers and buildings is mainly reflected in the doors, windows, walls and corners of buildings. The lines of buildings are tough, while the lines of perennial flowers are soft and lively. Through the application of perennial flowers, the harmonious relationship between architecture and environment can be greatly improved, and the aesthetic feeling of architecture can be increased. Py rrosia sp. and can be planted next to buildings. 6? 1

People often attach great importance to the plant landscaping of roads. With the development of modern social economy, the grade of roads is getting higher and higher, and the requirements for landscape construction of green belts on both sides of roads are getting higher and higher. This provides an excellent opportunity for the application of perennial flowers. Optional species are L y coris sp. Eupatorium adenophorum, oxalis purpurea, HEMEROCALLIS HEMEROCALLIS, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc. 6? 1 has been used in road plant landscaping for many years, which has the characteristics of broad vision and strong decorative effect.

Garden water gives people a clear, clear, approachable and cheerful feeling. Looking at the garden waterscape is nothing more than static waterscape such as lakes and pools and dynamic waterscape such as rivers, streams, streams, waterfalls and springs. The landscaping effect of perennial flowers on water can not only increase the level of water space, but also enrich the color of water space. In the specific application process, the ecological habits of perennial aquatic flowers should be fully considered. Choose suitable water depth for planting, such as lotus (N elumbo nucif era), water lily (Nym p haeaterragona) and iris pseudacorus, and the suitable water depth is 30-100 cm; The suitable water depth of Acorus calamus is below 10- 30cm, while that of Japanese chestnut and sorghum is below 10 cm.

3.2.3 Planting perennial flowers with other plant materials is an integral part of plant materials and is closely related to other plants. Perennial flowers are relatively short, so when they are planted with other plants, especially woody plants, they can be used as ground cover plants, but they can also be used as the main landscape materials at forest edges or open spaces and on the ground. Planting perennial flowers can enrich the hierarchical structure of plant landscape and increase the changes of plant phenological landscape.

4 abstract

4 1 perennial flower is one of the plant groups in natural vegetation, which has its own inherent laws and can not be ignored in plant landscaping.

Perennial flowers are unique in texture, shape and ornamental characteristics, so they often play an irreplaceable landscape effect in the application of plant landscaping.

Perennial flowers have the characteristics of strong adaptability, short plants and high ornamental value. Through artistic planting, a plant landscape with high ornamental value can be formed.

Strengthening the introduction and domestication of perennial flowers can provide more and better plant materials for the application of perennial flowers in plant landscaping.