Excerpts mainly tell the story of "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin", describing the cause and effect of this incident, from preparation, implementation to final failure, the event process is complete. The plot revolves around the word "thorn", which is ups and downs and soul-stirring, and the character's personality has been vividly expressed with the development of the story.
In 228 BC (Qin 19), Wang Jian, a general of the Qin Dynasty, attacked Zhao, killed and occupied Handan, and moved Zhao to the capital. Wang Jian was immediately ordered to lead his troops to Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province) and prepare to attack Yan State.
Yan's situation is in jeopardy at this time. The fact is: "Yan Wei is trapped by soldiers. Today, the whole country is not enough to become A Qin. " ("The Warring States Policy Yance III"). Yan Taizi Dan was as anxious as a cat on hot bricks at this time. At the critical moment of the great siege of Qin Jun, he had to send someone to assassinate this terrorist policy.
At the end of the Warring States Period, the story of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin took place at the end of the Warring States Period in 227 BC, that is, six years before Qin unified China. At that time, Qin had destroyed Korea in 230 BC and defeated Zhao in 228 BC, and the overall situation of Qin's unification of the world was set.
Yan is a small country located in the north. At the beginning, in order to please Qin, the prince gave Taizi Dan to Qin as a hostage. The Qin Dynasty was unlucky, and Taizi Dan fled back to Yan in 232 BC. In 228 BC, after defeating Zhao, Wang Jian, the general of the Qin Dynasty, led his army northward and reached the border of Yan State.
In order to resist the massive attack of Qin, Yan Taizidan avenged his humiliation in Qin, and decided to send Jing Ke to hijack the king of Qin, trying to coerce the king of Qin to return the land occupied by Qin. If the threat fails, the king of Qin will be stabbed to death, causing chaos within the state of Qin. However, contrary to expectations, Jing Ke failed to stab the king of Qin, and Qin Jun attacked Yan on a large scale, which was destroyed in 222 BC.
This paper reveals the sharp contradiction and fierce struggle between the weak Yan State and the powerful Qin State, and reflects the merger and anti-merger struggle between Qin Yan in the Warring States Period from one side.
Volume 130 "Preface to Taishi Gong" only talks about "Cao Zi's dagger, Lu Huo's field, Qi Ming's letter; I can't make up my mind. "Zhuan Xu, Nie Zheng and Jing Ke are not as good as one sentence. Obviously, this is not all the information in this biography. The whole story, although the specific deeds of these five people and
Different, the specific reasons for their assassination or robbery vary from person to person, but one thing is the same, that is, they all have a strong spirit of helping the weak and saving the crisis, are not afraid of violence, and risk their lives to achieve the purpose of assassination or robbery. And the essence of this spirit is "a scholar dies for a bosom friend."
Therefore, Tai Shigong said in the eulogy of this biography: "Its meaning may not be successful, but its meaning is more natural, not deceiving its ambition, and it will be famous for future generations. It's all wet! " This is also a concentrated summary of Tai Shigong's biography.
Of course, if we re-examine and take care of the tracks of these five assassins or hijackers and the specific purpose of their assassination or robbery from today's standpoint, we can completely get a new understanding and make a new evaluation, but this new understanding and evaluation is not Taishigong's after all.
Tai Shigong stood on the foothold of his time, and with his unique sense of life experience and love-hate relationship, enthusiastically eulogized his heroic spirit of "a scholar dies for his bosom friend".
Although this biography is a biography of five people, it can be "detached step by step, such as balance, such as feather pressure, so one person is better than the other, and the paper is deeper" (Wu Jiansi's Historical Records), so the whole article is in order, starting in Cao Mo and finally in Jing Ke, with Zhuan Xu, Yurang and Nie Zheng in the middle, just like a collection of assassin stories, and the whole article is under control.
Extended data
Characteristics of works
When Tai Shigong described the tracks of these five people, he did not use pen and ink evenly, but skillfully cut and laid out according to the specific situation of the owner and the specific reasons for assassination and robbery. Cao Mo hijacked Qi Huangong, and Guan Zhongmin was right. He advised Huan Gong that his rights were harmful and tolerant, which made Cao Mo famous. So, the story came to an abrupt end here, and there was no branch.
Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang to death, with a little narration in front, but the climax was composed of several wonderful details, such as the stabbing of Fu Jia, Ju Jiu, Zang Blade and Wang Qian, and his son died with a seal. Yu rang stabbed Xiangzi, and the story was almost tortuous. Always around the contradiction between "righteousness is not double-minded" and Xiangzi's partial righteousness. Finally, he ended his narrative of the master by stabbing his clothes and sword.
The story of Nie Zheng's assassination of the chivalrous man is even more tortuous. At the front, Nie Zheng was told to avoid revenge, while Neutron got wine and gold. On the issue of giving money, the contradiction between "please" and "no" is revealed through neutron's concession and Nie's appreciation. Then, Nie Zheng's psychological activities were described in a paragraph, which was buried with his mother's death, causing the following gratitude. In the process of giving up and letting go of the bundle, he explained how the previous contradiction was solved.
"Zhang Jian to Han Duan" is the climax of the story, written neatly and surprisingly, which makes people laugh. After many twists and turns, I wrote a story about Nie Zheng's sister crying over her brother's reputation, thus deepening the law. At the end of this biography, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and Tai Shigong wrote Jing Ke with all his feelings, which portrayed a very complete narrative hero image for us.
At the beginning, I used several paragraphs to explain Jing Ke's life experience and native place. He was "good at reading and fencing" and once "talked glibly about Yuan Jun". There have been "Imperial Gifts" and "On the Sword with Nie Gai"; Interview with Handan and Lubo. In these paragraphs, two wonderful details are inserted in the last two paragraphs. These are not only necessary to understand Jing Ke as a whole, but also pave the way for the main part of Jing Ke's biography.
The story "From Jing Ke to Yan" is a transition. This passage describes Jing Ke's friends and life details, and also draws two characters closely related to the later story development, namely Gao Jianli and Mr. Tian Guang. From Born in Qing Dynasty to Yishui farewell banquet, it is the development stage of the story. Many events are explained and described in chronological order, which makes Jing Ke's image more and more full.
Among them, the description of the scene of Yishui farewell party plays a finishing role in highlighting Jing Ke's temperament, personality and even the whole mental outlook, and also paves the way for the climax of the story. "Sui to Qin" is the climax of the story, and the heroic scene of "Seeing the Poor Dagger", which is thrilling and eternal, is in this section.
"Wu Yang turned pale and trembled with fear", Jing Ke smiled at Wu Yang, "Laughed at the post and cursed at the basket" and "Qin Wang walked around the post" and other details showed Jing Ke's fearless, calm, righteous and deathless image from different angles and sides. Then the end of the story.
Although it is the end, it also has the function of deepening information. Looking at the five characters recorded, one looks like the other, and Jing Ke is the longest. There are more than 5,000 words in the world, and Jing Ke alone accounts for more than 3,000 words. Not only is it long, but it is also the most telling. Even if we use modern concepts and novel concepts to analyze and measure, I am afraid it will not be controversial to say that it is a short story.
Tai Shigong "encountered a problem, it became a writing style", and this biography can be called "the first intense writing style" in the book Historical Records (Wu Jiansi's Historical Records Papers). From the literary point of view, this "most intense writing" still has its great aesthetic value today, especially the Biography of Jing Ke.