abstract

With the development of economic globalization, the competition among enterprises in 2 1 century is becoming increasingly fierce, which also brings unprecedented opportunities to enterprises. Modern logistics industry, known as the third profit source, plays an increasingly important role in the national economy and enterprise development. However, as the most important part of the logistics industry, the development of third-party logistics affects the whole logistics industry, and its development trend affects the development of third-party logistics and logistics industry, which determines the role of logistics market in China's economic development.

We should clearly understand the concept and characteristics of third-party logistics, and understand the development trend of third-party logistics in China from the aspects of its development status, social performance, policy environment, development trend, market environment of logistics enterprises and existing problems. This paper analyzes the development trend of third-party logistics from two angles: business type and economic ownership form. Although there are some problems in the development of third-party logistics in China, the competition and subversion of third-party logistics in China's market will become more and more serious as long as it is correctly understood and analyzed.

Keywords: third-party logistics; Market competition; develop

Chapter 1 Overview of Third Party Logistics

1. 1 the concept of third-party logistics

Third-party logistics refers to a logistics management mode in which production and operation enterprises entrust their logistics activities to professional logistics service enterprises through contracts in order to concentrate their main business, and at the same time keep close contact with logistics enterprises through information systems to realize the whole process management control of logistics.

The third party logistics, expressed in English as 3PL or TPL, is relative to the consignor of Party A and the consignee of Party B.. Third-party logistics does not belong to Party A or Party B, but provides its professional logistics services through cooperation with Party A or Party B.. It does not own goods or participate in the sales of goods, but provides customers with serialized, personalized and information-based logistics agency services based on contracts and alliances. The most common third-party logistics services include designing logistics system, EDI function, report management, cargo integration, carrier selection, freight forwarder, customs declaration agent, information management, warehousing, consulting, freight payment and freight negotiation. Because the service mode of industrial service is generally to sign a logistics service contract with enterprises for a certain period of time, some people call third-party logistics "contract logistics".

The internal composition of third-party logistics can generally be divided into two categories: asset suppliers and non-asset suppliers. For asset suppliers, they have their own means of transportation and warehouses, and they usually carry out logistics operations. Non-asset-based suppliers are management companies and do not own or lease assets. They provide human resources and advanced logistics management system, and specialize in managing customers' logistics functions. Generalized third-party logistics can be defined as the combination of the two.

1.2 Characteristics of Third Party Logistics

(1) contractual relationship. First of all, the third party logistics regulates the relationship between logistics operators and logistics consumers through contracts. Logistics operators provide multifunctional and even all-round comprehensive logistics services according to the requirements stipulated in the contract, and manage all logistics service activities and processes through the contract. Secondly, the third party logistics develops the logistics alliance through the form of contract, and defines the rights, responsibilities and interests of the participants in the logistics alliance. (2) Personalized service. First of all, different logistics consumers have different logistics service needs. Third-party logistics needs to provide targeted personalized logistics services and value-added services according to the different requirements of different logistics consumers in terms of corporate image, business processes, product characteristics, customer demand characteristics and competition needs. Secondly, due to the influence of market competition, logistics resources and logistics capabilities, logistics operators engaged in third-party logistics need to form core business and constantly strengthen the personalization and characteristics of logistics services provided to enhance the competitiveness of the logistics market. (3) Functional specialization. Third-party logistics provides professional logistics services. From logistics design, logistics operation process, logistics technical tools, logistics facilities to logistics management, it is necessary to reflect the level of specialization, which is not only the demand of logistics consumers, but also the basic requirement of the development of third-party logistics itself. (4) Systematic management. The third party logistics should have systematic logistics function, which is the basic requirement for the emergence and development of the third party logistics. The third party logistics needs to establish a modern management system to meet the basic requirements of operation and development. (5) Information networking. Information technology is the foundation of the development of third-party logistics. In the process of logistics service, the development of information technology has realized the real-time sharing of information, promoted the scientific management of logistics and greatly improved the efficiency and benefit of logistics. ⑵

The second chapter is the development status of third-party logistics in China.

2. 1 Overview of the current third-party logistics market in China

2. 1. 1 Main characteristics of the current development of third-party logistics

First, the overall scale is small and the development potential is huge. Generally speaking, the third party logistics is in China.

In the initial stage, enterprise logistics and public logistics services are still the main forms of social logistics. Strictly speaking,

The situation of insufficient effective demand for third-party logistics is difficult to change obviously in the short term. At the same time, the third party logistics is

China has had a process of discussion and development for about ten years. Under the influence of global economic integration, China.

China is becoming one of the fastest developing countries of third-party logistics.

According to relevant analysis, it is estimated that the third-party logistics market in China will reach US$ 5.3 billion in 20 1 1 year, with a compound annual rate.

The compound growth rate reached 27% (1). At the same time, the proportion of social logistics outsourcing is also rising. In 2006, the growth rate of sales logistics outsourcing in China was 5%- 10%, the growth rate of transportation warehousing outsourcing was 10%- 15%, and the transportation business entrusted to third parties accounted for 67% of the transportation business of enterprises. All these have created favorable conditions for the development of third-party logistics in China.

Second, the demand is unbalanced. Different enterprises have different logistics concepts and different levels of logistics needs.

The opposite sex is very large, and advanced and traditional logistics modes coexist. On the one hand, China is becoming a global manufacturing industry.

Center, into China's advanced manufacturing and circulation industry, resulting in high-end logistics demand, third-party logistics demand.

Mainly concentrated in the field of foreign investment. These enterprises have advanced logistics concepts, high-level logistics outsourcing and supply chain management.

Strict requirements, strong autonomy, the demand for third-party logistics services is urgent and harsh. On the other hand,

Look, the degree of socialization and specialization of logistics in China is still low. Logistics forms of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises,

There are obvious differences in form. Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, according to the investigation of relevant institutions, the general domestic-funded enterprises in China

The used storage area is about 14 10000 square meters, the average self-owned storage area is 82000 square meters, and the rented storage area is 59000 square meters, which are 4.9 times, 3.4 times and 12.3 times that of foreign-funded enterprises respectively, indicating that our outsourcing is obviously insufficient. Domestic-funded enterprises have an average of 66 freight vehicles and 38 loading equipment, which are 3.7 times and 1.5 times that of foreign-funded enterprises in the same period, respectively, which clearly reflects the gap between domestic and foreign enterprises in the concept and practical operation of logistics socialization and specialization. This phenomenon of coexistence of advanced and backward logistics forms. It leads to the diversification of logistics demand and the imbalance of social logistics structure in China.

Third, the industry concentration is low. According to the analysis of consulting institutions, in 2006, the third-party logistics market in China

There are about 18000 service providers and terminals in the market, and the top ten service providers only account for 13% of the total market (this

May be a rough estimate), no logistics enterprise has a market share of more than 2%, which shows that China Logistics.

The industry has not yet achieved full integration. In the way of competition, mainly reflected in the cost and price competition, and the first

Insufficient attention is paid to the value-added effect of supply chain brought by the third-party logistics, and low-level excessive competition has become the third in China.

The bottleneck problem of logistics development in China, everyone may feel the competitive pressure of this industry. According to the score

Analysis shows that the profit rate of the third-party logistics industry in China is about 3%-8%, and the profit space of the industry has not been fully tapped.

Come out, compared with the international gap is still very big (1).

2. 1.2 third party logistics performance survey

According to a survey conducted by China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, some car companies have launched a zero-kilometer service to transport their cars directly to distribution outlets in various regions for sale. One-way freight and two-way transportation cost accounting are common, and the returned power resources are not fully utilized, resulting in a certain waste of power resources. Due to insufficient resource integration, it is a common phenomenon that the overall level of logistics enterprises is too low.

Relevant surveys also show that among the eight major industries of manufacturing enterprises, the satisfaction rate of home appliances, electronics and telecommunications industries is slightly higher than that of self-operated logistics, while the satisfaction rate of the two industries is flat, and the satisfaction rate of food, daily chemical and clothing industries is even lower than that of self-operated logistics. This shows that the third-party logistics must also practice "internal strength" and tap the potential market by improving the quality of logistics services and improving the service satisfaction rate.

2.2 Policy environment of third-party logistics in China

At the second annual meeting of China International Logistics Summit, Wang Qingyun, deputy director of the Basic Department of the State Planning Commission, pointed out: First of all, the China government has adopted a policy of positive encouragement for the development of the logistics industry, and the government will create a good environment for the development of the logistics industry, speed up the construction of transportation and other infrastructure, speed up the marketization process, and speed up the application of information technology in the transportation field. Secondly, on the basis of strategic research, the government should do a good job in formulating unified standards and standardizing codes of conduct. We have reason to believe that in the new century, the third-party logistics industry in China will develop at a high speed, and its prospects are bright.

In February, 2009, the the State Council executive meeting passed the Planning for the Adjustment and Revitalization of Logistics Industry, and as many as 15 related rules may be issued in 20 10.

The intensive release of logistics policies will accelerate the release of social logistics demand, and the golden cycle of the third-party logistics industry will come. The construction of comprehensive transportation system has entered the important agenda of the government, and the rise of transshipment and multimodal transport will provide a more perfect basic environment for the logistics industry. China's heavy chemical industry is drawing to a close, and the logistics industry will become the third profit source for enterprises in the later stage of industrialization.

2.3 the development of third-party logistics in China

At present, among the listed companies in the domestic logistics industry, except the single shipping companies and port companies, the number of listed logistics companies is small, and most excellent domestic logistics companies, such as those selected as "China Logistics Demonstration Base" and "China Logistics Experimental Base", are not listed.

With the listing of Xinning Logistics on GEM, high-end logistics enterprises have attracted much attention because of its open market, high-quality customers and stable operation, especially private supply chain management logistics enterprises with a certain scale have once again become the focus of capital market.

The logistics industry has developed into a pillar industrial cluster in China, involving transportation, distribution, warehousing, packaging, distribution processing, logistics information, logistics equipment manufacturing, logistics facilities construction, logistics management and other industries. According to the data of China Economic Information Network, in 2008, China's logistics cost was 5,454.2 billion yuan, accounting for 18.3% of GDP.

According to the latest "2009-20 12 China Logistics Industry Development Prospect Forecast and Investment Consulting Report" issued by China Industrial Economic Research Institute, it is predicted that the total social logistics in China will increase by more than 15% in 2009-20 10 under the action of the logistics industry revitalization plan. In the future, the demand for logistics, especially the demand for third-party logistics, will be growing. It is estimated that by 20 10, the output value of logistics industry in China will reach 1.2 trillion yuan.

2.4 The market environment of third-party logistics enterprises

In the eyes of many enterprises, the third-party logistics in the market is not much different from the traditional warehousing and transportation enterprises. In logistics outsourcing bidding, resource owners are more likely to gain advantages and become substitutes for third-party logistics because of their lower resource costs and management costs.

From the characteristics of the industry, the third-party logistics industry is an industry that requires high capital, technology and knowledge. The investment cycle of third-party logistics is generally as long as two to three years, and the investment capital is at least 50 million to 1 100 million yuan. This is because the third-party logistics can only dilute its higher management cost and "system cost" after it has a considerable customer base and has built a wide business network and operation platform, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the overall logistics cost for customers. Although the threshold for capital and talents to enter the logistics industry is very high, there are a large number of redundant funds in the domestic investment market, and the investment decisions of enterprises lack scientific basis (according to the recent assessment of an overseas authoritative organization, mainland enterprises rank third from the bottom in Asia in terms of internal management). In addition, in recent years, logistics fever has caused many enterprises to blindly invest in the logistics industry, resulting in mixed logistics enterprises in the market. In the market competition, some enterprises lack understanding of logistics operation details, exaggerate service capabilities, and enter the market at unreasonable prices and means, which damages the reputation of third-party logistics in the eyes of customers and has a negative impact on the development environment of the whole third-party logistics. The continuous opening of domestic logistics market and the continuous entry of foreign logistics enterprises have also intensified market competition.

It is difficult to find high-quality suppliers and lack of management ability for suppliers are also factors that hinder the development of third-party logistics. As an integrator of resources, the service quality of third-party logistics largely depends on the service level of its suppliers. For various reasons, there are few national suppliers with extensive high-quality assets and strong customer service concept in China. Several major resource suppliers are facing problems such as warlord separatism, aging facilities and lack of talents. How to manage and integrate scattered small suppliers will be the main aspect to test the management ability of third-party logistics.

From the above analysis, we can see that although the overall logistics market is developing rapidly, the market environment is not optimistic for every third-party logistics enterprise.

2.5 Problems in the development of third-party logistics in China

(1) The service mode and means are primitive and simple.

At present, most enterprises engaged in logistics services can only provide transportation (distribution) and warehousing services, while logistics value-added services such as distribution and processing, logistics information services, inventory management and logistics cost control, especially higher-level logistics services such as logistics scheme design and whole-process logistics services, have not been fully developed.

(2) Logistics enterprises are small in scale and lack the necessary competitive strength.

At present, enterprises engaged in logistics services include traditional transportation, storage and transportation and other circulation enterprises and new specialized logistics enterprises, which are relatively small in scale and strength, and the network management organization has not yet formed.

(3) The management level of logistics enterprises is low, and the quality of logistics services needs to be further improved.

Most enterprises engaged in logistics services lack the necessary service norms and internal management rules, and their management is extensive, so it is difficult to provide standardized logistics services and the service quality is low.

(4) The application level of information technology is low.

The construction of information system lags behind, and the internal logistics information management and technical means of industrial and commercial enterprises are relatively backward. For example, the application level of logistics management software such as barcode technology and enterprise resource logistics management (ERP) in the logistics field is low.

(5) There is a shortage of logistics professionals, and the quality of existing employees needs to be improved.

Logistics started late, and few people are familiar with modern logistics knowledge, especially those who are good at management and understand modern logistics information technology. The quality of existing employees is far behind the needs of the development of modern logistics industry.

(6) The infrastructure adapted to the modern logistics industry is weak and the utilization efficiency is not high.

In particular, there is a lack of large-scale modern logistics and transportation transit distribution bases, and network infrastructure such as information backbone network and urban broadband network is not closely connected with e-commerce. The vast majority of small and medium-sized enterprises have not yet entered the e-commerce network, and some have business networks, but they have not fully integrated information flow with logistics and capital flow.

The third chapter analyzes the development trend of third-party logistics.

3. 1. Analyze the development trend of third-party logistics in China by business type.

3. 1. 1 warehousing industry

Make full use of the warehousing socialization of existing warehousing resources, improve the warehousing efficiency and the specialized function of the warehousing industry's division of labor development, speed up the warehousing standardization to adapt to the development of social production and promote the improvement of logistics efficiency, improve warehousing efficiency and realize the modernization of warehousing management.

(1) Socialization and Functionalization of Storage Industry

At present, China's warehousing industry has low efficiency, low utilization rate, poor working conditions and lack of self-development ability. Under the environment of market economy, only when any social resource is freely exchanged in the market can its value be fully reflected, and only under the encouragement of the free exchange system can its creativity be fully exerted. The warehousing industry needs to wake up modernization with the principle of "clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, orderly separation and scientific management", establish a scientific corporate governance structure of Snakin, and become the main body of self-financing and independent market competition, thus completely changing the bad situation of China warehousing industry, truly becoming a market resource and developing in a more perfect direction.

(2) Mechanization and automation of storage

With the development of production technology, production mechanization has become the basic requirement of modern enterprise production. Machinery has many characteristics, such as strong bearing capacity, high efficiency, long working hours and little damage. Warehouse automation refers to the storage of warehouses managed and controlled by computers. In the automatic warehouse, warehouse management, environmental management, job control and other warehousing work, through community management, scanning technology, bar code, radio frequency communication, data processing and other technologies, command warehouse stackers, conveyor belts, automatic guided vehicles, automatic sorting and other equipment to automatically complete warehousing work; Automatic control of air conditioners, monitoring equipment and refrigeration equipment for environmental management; Issue transportation instructions to transportation equipment and arrange transportation; And at the same time complete the production and delivery of documents and reports. For special storage such as dangerous goods, cold storage, warm storage and grain, automatic control storage must be adopted.

(3) warehousing informationization and information networking

Warehouse information management includes: providing real-time query for accounting processing and settlement processing; Manage storage space, make personal documents and reports, control the storage of grain, and even carry out automatic control. It can be said that in order to improve efficiency, reduce losses and thus reduce storage costs, it is necessary to realize informatization.