Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - Graduation thesis - Structure of engineering papers
Structure of engineering papers
1. Title

1. Title Description

The title should be concise, specific and accurate, which can summarize the specific content of the paper, help to select keywords, and conform to the relevant principles of compiling title catalogue, indexing and retrieval.

2. Propositional method

Concise and to the point.

Proposition pays attention to theory and practice, from general to special. Theory means to be based on a certain theory, while reality means to analyze what happened. Such as xxx research based on xxx theory, taking xxx as an example.

3. Matters needing attention in English title writing

(1) English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributes; The title of phrase type should determine the head word and then modify it before and after. The order of each word

Very important, improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression.

(2) Generally don't use declarative sentences, because the title mainly plays a marking role, and declarative sentences are easy to make the title judgmental, not refined and not eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refutable), because of doubt, you can use interrogative sentences as the title.

This sentence has an exploratory tone and is easy to arouse readers' interest.

The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed.

④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference.

⑤ In the English title of the paper. Anything that can or can't be used is not used.

2. The author

1. Specification of the author's signature

The author's signature is placed under the title, and the author of the group author can also be marked in the footer of the first page of the article. Sometimes, the author's name can also be marked at the end of the article.

For example: Wang Jun 1, Zhang Hong 2, Liuli 1.

(1. Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University100875; 2. Physics Department of Beijing Institute of Education 1000 1 1)

2. Matters needing attention in translating the names of authors and their units

① The name of the translation unit should not be abbreviated, but should be capitalized, and the address and postal code should be attached to ensure convenient contact.

② The names of translation units should be translated uniformly.

(3) The author's name is spelled in Chinese Pinyin, with a space in the middle after the surname, and all the letters of the surname are capitalized, and the surname is combined; The first letter of the first name is a capital letter, and a hyphen is added between the two names. The last name and the first name are not abbreviated.

For example:

Li Hua (Li Hua), Zhang Xihe (Xihe Zhang) and Zhuge Ying (Zhuge Ying)

3. Content

A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

4. Summary (executive summary)

It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

Description of 1. abstract

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete paper, which can be quoted, popularized and expanded.

2. Matters needing attention in writing abstract

① Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction into the abstract, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.

(2) Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the paper in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; Don't demonstrate the content, don't quote examples.

Do not introduce the research process;

The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) expounded in the paper can not be omitted, but should be written into short articles that can be used independently.

Generally, it is not segmented, and continuous writing is prohibited. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.

3. Matters needing attention in writing English abstracts

The above precautions in writing Chinese abstracts are all applicable to English abstracts, but English has its own expressions and language habits, so special attention should be paid when writing English abstracts.

5. Keywords (keywords)

1. Keyword description

Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases. English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are preceded by "keywords:" or "[keywords]

"As a logo; English keywords are marked with "keywords".

Key words should be selected from the National Standard Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible; Important terms and names of new disciplines, regions, people and documents that are not included in the glossary can also be used as keywords. Keywords should be used to cover the main content of the paper.

General technical items of.

2. Method of selecting keywords

The general selection method of keywords is: after the author finishes writing the paper, he selects from its title, hierarchical title and text (high frequency and key words).

6. Text

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Questions-arguments;

B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;

C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;

D. conclusion.

In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are so-called logical paragraphs. A logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, which makes the text form several.

Level. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.

thank you

A scientific research achievement or technological innovation is often not accomplished by one person, but also needs the support and help of human, financial and material resources from all sides. So many papers list thanks at the end. I am mainly grateful for the help I got during the completion of the paper.

This is an expression of humility and courtesy in the academic circle.

8. Reference

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on new pages according to relevant regulations.

The requirements of the listed reference documents are:

The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.

(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.