1. Climate: unique light and heat conditions.

Li Xueyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Economic Crops of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that Xinjiang has unique natural conditions. First, there is enough sunshine, which can reach 16 hours at the longest, and plants can absorb enough sunlight; Second, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and plants fully carry out photosynthesis during the day and inhibit growth at night, which will affect more energy of fruits; Third, the rainfall is scarce and the climate is dry, which can evaporate a lot of water from plants, and the cotton fiber elasticity of cotton is good; Fourth, the frost-free period is long, which provides sufficient growth time for cotton growth.

Thanks to the unique light and heat conditions, Xinjiang is also the only long-staple cotton producing area in China. Chen Quanjia, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Agricultural College of Xinjiang Agricultural University, said that in 2020, Aksu, Xinjiang will plant 550,000 mu of long-staple cotton, accounting for more than half of Xinjiang. Xinjiang long-staple cotton is far superior to ordinary cotton in softness, luster, skin-friendliness, air permeability and elasticity.

Breeding: creating a batch of excellent germplasm resources? ?

Chen Quanjia said, taking the breeding and popularization of "Nong Xin Damian No.4" as an example, the existing cotton varieties have been improved, and through accurate identification, evaluation and screening in various environments such as disease resistance, drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerance, a number of excellent germplasm resources with high temperature resistance, saline-alkali resistance and cold tolerance suitable for mechanical harvesting have been created, and the protection and utilization have been strengthened, and the cotton germplasm resource bank has been continuously replenished.

Third, planting: overcoming key technical problems in many links

The farming system in Xinjiang is one crop a year. According to the requirements of cotton growth process and the law of sowing date, timely and early sowing, and planting techniques such as dense branches and early promotion can improve cotton yield. At the same time, drip irrigation under plastic film mulching is realized to improve water use efficiency in Xinjiang cotton region.

Xinjiang cotton planting technology is also constantly breaking through. In 2020, the patented technology of cotton planting in Xinjiang won the invention gold medal of "Africa Innovation Week". Mao Shuchun, the chief expert of national cotton cultivation, introduced the achievements of "Innovation and Application of Key Technologies for High Yield and High Efficiency of Oasis Cotton" submitted by the Economic Crops Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which systematically solved the key technical problems in many aspects of high yield and high efficiency of oasis cotton production, and many technologies reached the international leading level.

Fourth, harvesting: the mechanical picking rate has reached 69.83%.

Xinjiang has concentrated cotton fields, large planting scale and high degree of mechanization. In recent years, the mechanized harvesting area of cotton has increased at an average annual rate of more than one million mu. According to the data released by Xinjiang Agriculture Department in 2020, the mechanized cotton picking rate in Xinjiang has reached 69.83%. According to the statistics of the Bureau of Statistics of the Corps, there are 2,760 cotton pickers in the Corps, covering an area of 1 1.8 million mu, and the cotton picking rate is 90.9%.

With the change of production mode and technological progress, the contribution rate of cotton production technology in Xinjiang has increased from 38% before the reform and opening up to 58%, and all aspects of cotton production have been mechanized.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) industrial chain: Large-scale production has remarkable benefits.

Li Xueyuan said that with the support of the national cotton industry strategic planning and various policies, Xinjiang has formed the largest cotton production base, processing base and textile and garment export base in China. Among them, the textile scale reached more than 20 million spindles, and the textile employment reached more than 1 10,000 people. With the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, the economic contribution of cotton as the economic pillar of Xinjiang is more prominent.

Chen Quanjia introduced that the economic contribution of the cotton industry in Xinjiang is 70 billion yuan. More than 65% of the household income of cotton farmers in the main cotton-producing areas comes from cotton, and the cotton industry can absorb 6,543,800+people. Cotton has become the largest economic pillar industry in Xinjiang.

Six, quality: the indicators exceed the national standard, "both internal and external"

Yu Yu, a researcher at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, said that there are three main indicators to measure cotton quality: color grade refers to the type and grade of cotton color, the standard grade of fiber length is 28 mm, and one millimeter is a grade; The micronaire value is divided into three grades: A, B and C, which reflects the fineness of cotton fiber and is also an important index to measure cotton maturity.

Yu Yu said that as far as cotton planting in Xinjiang is concerned, an obvious advantage brought by high-quality varieties and mature technologies, coupled with large-scale operation, is that cotton is well-organized, and the above three important indicators are well coordinated, thus ensuring the quality of cotton in Xinjiang.

Li Xueyuan said that Xinjiang cotton is "both internal and external"-high external grade, white color, good mercerization, excellent internal quality, long fiber and high strength, which is suitable for spinning high count yarn. Especially the unique long-staple cotton in Xinjiang makes the quilt warm, breathable and comfortable.

According to Chen Quanjia, Xinjiang long-staple cotton is of excellent quality. The fiber length is generally 33 ~ 39 mm, and the longest can reach 64 mm, which exceeds Egyptian cotton and has high strength. After relevant tests, all the quality indexes of Xinjiang long-staple cotton have exceeded the national standards.

China Youth Network-Xinjiang Cotton, why is it the first in the world?