1962 completed the physics degree course of Oxford University. Transfer to Cambridge University for postgraduate study. Zhen Zhen suffers from telecentric neuron disease.
1965 was awarded the doctorate. He studied and invented a mathematical equation to explain the collapse of black holes.
Hawking studied the characteristics of 1970 black hole. He predicted that the radiation from black holes and the surface area of black holes would never decrease.
1974 was elected as a member of the Royal Society. He went on to prove that black holes have temperature. Black holes emit thermal radiation, and their mass decreases due to gasification.
From 65438 to 0980, he was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University.
A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and became a best seller of quantum physics and relativity.
1996 Continue to work in Cambridge University.
Professor Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 1942, which happened to be the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. Professor Hawking graduated from Oxford University College with a first-class honorary degree in natural science. From 65438 to 0963, Professor Hawking was diagnosed as muscular dystrophy, that is, motor neuropathy, and only two fingers could move all over his body. 1965 received his doctorate in theoretical physics. On March 1974 and 1 Sunday, Professor Hawking published a paper in Nature, expounding his new discovery that black holes are radioactive. Within a few weeks, physicists all over the world were discussing his research work (Hawking radiation was called Hawking radiation). Hawking's new discovery is regarded as the most important progress in the field of theoretical physics for many years. This paper is called "one of the most profound papers in the history of physics". During the period of 1975- 1976, he won six awards, including the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, the 11th Medal of the Vatican Papal Science Society, the Hopkins Award, the Danny O 'Heinemann Award of the United States, the Maxwell Award of the Royal Society of England and the Hughes Medal. From 65438 to 0978, he won the Albert Einstein Prize, the most prestigious prize in physics. From 65438 to 0979, he was appointed as the famous Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, and was appointed by Newton. 1988, Hawking's amazing work Abriefhistortofime: Fromthebigbangtoblackholes was released. Based on the study of black holes, this paper explores the origin and destination of the universe and answers the questions that human beings have been exploring: Does time have a beginning and does space have a boundary? This is a landmark masterpiece in the history of human science. The book has been translated into more than 40 languages and published more than100000 copies. Professor Hawking's popular speeches are also very famous internationally, with footprints all over the world. He tried to communicate his thoughts with the world through his books and popular speeches. In early 2000, Hawking gave a speech at the White House as part of the Millennium Night. President Clinton cordially met with him and congratulated him. In 200 1 10, another masterpiece, The Empty Shell of the Universe, was published. This book is a companion to A Brief History of Time. In this book, Hawking reveals the great breakthrough in theoretical physics since the publication of A Brief History of Time.
Interestingly, he played himself in the sci-fi series Star Trek Adventures, playing bridge with Einstein and Newton.
The following is his life resume:
Stephen Hawking was born in194265438+1October 8th. At this time, his hometown London was shrouded in Hitler's indiscriminate bombing.
Hawking and his sister spent their childhood in several towns near London. Many years later, their neighbors recalled that Hawking was lying in the cradle car, which was very eye-catching, and his head looked very big, which was different from ordinary people-mostly because Hawking's reputation and achievements were far from ordinary people, and neighbors could not help but re-portray the image of gifted children in their memories.
However, in this dull and conservative town, the Hawkins really look different. Hawking's parents both received formal university education. His father is a doctor who studies tropical diseases, while his mother has engaged in many occupations. Residents of small towns are often surprised to see Hawkins driving an old used car across the street to the suburbs-before the car entered the homes of British citizens. However, this strange car expanded Hawkins' freedom of movement.
Hawking is keen to find out the ins and outs of everything, so when he sees a novel thing, he always likes to take it apart and understand the structure of each part-but it is often difficult for him to put it back because his hands and feet are far less flexible than his mind, and even his handwriting is famous in class.
Hawking/Kloc-entered Oxford University to study physics at the age of 0/7. He is still not a hard-working student, and this attitude is consistent with other students at that time. This is a period of confusion for young people after the war-they are tired of everything and feel that there is nothing worth pursuing. Hawking hangs out with his classmates at school, drinks and joins the rowing club. In the long run, he is likely to become an ordinary employee or teacher. However, the disease appeared.
■ The disease appeared.
Since childhood, sports have never been Hawking's strong point, and he is not good at almost all ball games.
In his third year at Oxford, Hawking noticed that he became more clumsy, and once or twice he fell down for no reason. Once, he suddenly fell down the stairs for some unknown reason, immediately fell into a coma and almost died.
It was not until 1962 that Hawking was a graduate student in Cambridge that his mother noticed her son's abnormal condition. Hawking, who just celebrated 2 1 birthday, spent two weeks in the hospital. After various examinations, it was diagnosed as "Luger's disease", that is, motor neuron atrophy.
The doctor told him that his body would get out of control more and more, and only his heart, lungs and brain could function. Finally, the heart and lungs will also fail. Hawking was only sentenced to two years in prison. That was at 1963.
At first, the disease deteriorated quite quickly. The blow to Hawking can be imagined. He almost gave up all his studies and research because he didn't think he could finish his master's thesis alive. However, a woman appeared.
■ A woman appeared.
Her name is Jane Wald.
1962 In the summer, Jane met Hawking, who walked awkwardly and faltered, through her friends, and met him several times later. So, they met love.
But their love is a bit bitter. Hawking is incurable about his illness, so he doesn't intend to establish a long-term and stable relationship. There is always a third party between them-death.
However, the power of love is irresistible. On July14th of the following year, Jane and Hawking got married.
Years later, Jane wrote in her memoir "Music Moves the Stars": "I love him very much, and nothing can stop me from marrying him. I am willing to cook, wash clothes, shop, clean up the housework for him and give up my previous ambitions. "
The engagement to Jane really changed Hawking's life. In order to get married, he needs a job, and in order to get a job, he needs a doctorate. Therefore, for the first time in his life, he began to study hard. To his surprise, he found himself very fond of research. Love has a happy ending. However, wheelchairs appeared.
■ Wheelchairs appear.
Hawking's condition is getting worse and worse. 1970, Hawking, whose academic reputation is growing day by day, was unable to walk by himself, and he began to use a wheelchair. To this day, he has never left it.
Hawking, who has been sitting in a wheelchair, works and lives extremely tenaciously.
199 1 In March, Hawking returned to his apartment in Berlin in a wheelchair. When crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. The left arm was broken, the head was cut off, and 13 stitches were stitched. However, 48 hours later, he returned to work in the office.
On another occasion, he and his friends went to a country house. When going uphill, they turned too hard and the wheelchair fell backwards. I didn't expect the master of gravity to be overturned in the bushes by the gravity of the earth.
Despite the growing physical disability, Hawking still tries to live like an ordinary person and accomplish what he can. He's even lively-it sounds a bit funny. After he was completely unable to move, he still insisted on driving a wheelchair with his only movable finger on the way to the office. In a hotel in Moscow, he suggested that everyone dance. The way he turned the wheelchair in the hall was really a miracle. When meeting Prince Charles, he turned his wheelchair to show off and ran over Prince Charles' toes.
Of course, Hawking also tasted the consequences of "freedom" action. The master of quantum gravity fell from his wheelchair many times under the weak gravity of the earth. Fortunately, every time he stubbornly "stood up".
1985, Hawking underwent tracheal surgery, and since then he has completely lost the ability to speak. It is under such circumstances that he made great efforts to write the famous A Brief History of Time and explored the origin of the universe. Hawking achieved great success, but the reality of life replaced the romance of love, and his marriage with Jane came to an end.
■ Intuition: Black holes are not black.
Hawking's research object is the universe, but he has never been interested in observing astronomy, and has only observed it several times through a telescope. Compared with traditional scientific methods such as experiment and observation, Hawking's method relies on intuition.
The great achievement of "black hole is not black" comes from the flash of an idea. 1970 1 1 One night in June, Hawking slowly climbed into bed and began to think about the problem of black holes. He suddenly realized that a black hole should have a temperature, so that it would release radiation. In other words, black holes are not that black.
This epiphany, after three years of thinking, formed a complete theory. 1973165438+1October, Hawking officially announced to the world that black holes constantly emit X-rays and gamma rays, which is the famous "Hawking radiation". Before that, people thought that black holes could only swallow but not spit.
From the singularity of BIGBANG to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. Hawking won the Wolf Prize in Physics from 65438 to 0988.
■ The king of bestsellers: a brief history of time
Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time-From BIGBANG to Black Hole has sold as many as 25 million copies worldwide, and has been on the bestseller list since the publication of 1988, setting a bestseller world record. In this book, Hawking tries to explain black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, black holes and time travel in a way that ordinary people can understand.
At the beginning of A Brief History of Time, Hawking pointed out: "I was told that every equation I wrote in the book would halve sales. So I decided not to write any equations. But at the end of the book, I wrote an equation, Einstein's famous equation E=mc2. I hope this will not scare away half of my potential readers. " Now it seems that Hawking is completely worried.