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Machinery manufacturing is the basic industry of the national economy, and its development directly affects the development of various industries of the national economy, as well as the enhancement of the national economy, people's livelihood and national defense forces. Therefore, all countries put the development of machinery manufacturing industry in the first place. With the increasingly fierce competition in the international market of mechanical products, major companies have injected high-tech into the development of mechanical products as an important part of winning the competition. This paper summarizes the development and application of high-tech in machinery manufacturing industry at present, in order to attract the attention of all parties.
1 Machinery manufacturing is a pillar industry of national economic development.
The development of any industry in the national economy must rely on machinery manufacturing.
Support and provide equipment; In the composition of national economic productivity, manufacturing technology accounts for more than 60%. The United States believes that the source of social wealth is machinery manufacturing, accounting for 68%; At present, manufacturing science, information science, material science and biological science are interdependent, but the latter three sciences must rely on manufacturing science to form industry and create social material wealth. The development of manufacturing science must also rely on the development of information, materials and biological sciences, and mechanical manufacturing is the best intersection for any other high-tech to realize industrial value. For example, rapid prototyping machine, virtual axis machine tool, intelligent structure and system have gone far beyond the scope of pure machinery, but are modern mechanical equipment integrating various technologies such as machinery, electronics, control, computer and materials, which embodies the connotation of humanistic and personalized development.
From the perspective of the United States, since World War II, the United States has attached great importance to the development of machinery manufacturing. Since the 1950s, American universities have set up industrial engineering majors to train talents in mechanical manufacturing systems, focusing on world market competition in an attempt to occupy the international manufacturing market. In the early 1950s, when the first numerical control machine tool was born at MIT, the leading policy adopted by the United States in the machinery manufacturing industry was to adopt numerical control and computer group control to realize the road of small and medium-sized batch production automation dominated by the machinery manufacturing industry, so as to improve production efficiency. However, practice has proved that this strategy is not effective. In the international competition of machinery manufacturing, Germany and Japan are winners. In 1970s, we turned to learn from the experience of Germany and Japan, and realized the flexibility and automation of small and medium-sized batch production through group technology. From 65438 to 0979, the United States Congress passed a bill to allocate funds for the development of flexible manufacturing systems, and in the late 1980s, the standardization of highly flexible fully automatic coolies was completed and extended to small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to ignoring the variability of the market and the role of human factors, it failed to gain the upper hand in the competition with Germany and Japan, making the machinery manufacturing industry go from bad to worse. It was once thought that machinery manufacturing has become a "sunset industry". Through the demonstration of 10 years, the transition from flexible manufacturing to agile manufacturing is realized conceptually, the macro international market demand is closely combined with the specific company production, and the human factor is fully exerted to form a rapid response to the market, and a new concept of agile manufacturing is put forward.
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Agile manufacturing-the development trend of machinery manufacturing industry in 21century
In the fierce international market competition, the machinery manufacturing industry in the United States has repeatedly suffered setbacks.
After 1970s, the machinery manufacturing industry was regarded as a "sunset industry". Industrial recession, huge trade deficit, unprecedented economic decline, discussion on "key issues" of industrial competition in recent 10 years. From 65438 to 0986, with the support of the National Science and Technology Foundation (NSF), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) conducted an in-depth study on the causes of decline and the countermeasures for revitalization, and concluded that among the four key factors of product competition, time to market (T), quality (Q), cost (C) and service (S), quality is no longer the biggest in market competition.
With the shortening of innovation cycle and the formation of global market, enterprises are facing unpredictability.
In the ever-changing market, only by responding to the market demand quickly and providing products that meet the individual needs of users can we win in the competition. 1988, General Motors Corporation (GM) and the Department of Industrial Engineering of Lehigh University put forward a new manufacturing enterprise strategy-Agile Manufacturing 2, and established National Manufacturing Science Center (NCMS) and Manufacturing Information Resource Center (MIRC), which were supported by National Natural Science Foundation, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Commerce. Now it is presided over by government departments, and enterprises and universities participate in research and development and application, which is called 2 1 century manufacturing enterprise strategy.
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1 1 Agile manufacturing concept
● Agility is reflected in: continuous variability (product, technology, management mode),
Quick response (adapting to market changes), high quality standards and low cost;
● Conditions for realizing agile manufacturing: high flexibility, programmability and patterning of equipment.
Change; Standardization and maintainability of information system; Human factors and management institutions;
● Implementation mode: virtual company, competition and cooperation, user participation in design and
The manufacturing industry should give consideration to both economic and social benefits, and increase information services and system management functions.
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12 characteristics of agile manufacturing
● Innovate the organizational structure, management strategies and systems of manufacturing enterprises and establish cooperatives.
Socialized virtual company;
● Improve the overall flexibility from the whole process of product design, manufacturing and sales;
Under the coordination of government departments, enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions unite;
● Users participate in design and manufacturing;
Give full play to human factors (knowledge, skills and creativity) and information;
But in a word, the main characteristics of agile manufacturing are the flexibility and success of manufacturing.
Cooperation among employees.
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13 agile manufacturing has achieved initial results in the United States.
● Agile manufacturing project of air compressor of Ingersoll-R company in America, original.
New product design takes 8 ~ 12 months, prototype manufacturing and evaluation takes 12 ~ 18 months, and it costs 500,000 dollars. Now we only need 1/3 ~ 1/2 and spend 12 15 ~ 2.
Ten thousand dollars;
American computer manufacturer Compaq, 1996 started virtual production.
It is planned to set up a factory in Shenzhen in cooperation with Taiwanese businessmen, facing the mainland, with product quality, technology and development.
Delivery, transportation and inventory all meet Compaq's global uniform standards. The technical level of employees and
The work attitude also meets the requirements, and such a virtual company combination makes the computer general.
The price dropped by $57, and the market competition was a great success. Delicious apple
Machine, IBM, Taiwan Province Acer, Shenzhen University also used this model to organize production.
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14 agile manufacturing strategy of process industry
Set unified quality standards, such as ISO-9000, economic benefits and environmental pollution.
Dyeing control.
3 manufacturing flexibility
Flexible manufacturing is relative to the original hardware rigid manufacturing system.
Therefore, the flexibility of manufacturing system is a necessary condition to adapt to the changing market demand.
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1 1 rigid manufacturing
The earliest mechanical automation appeared in the American General Motors Company, called Germany.
Troit automation, its appearance fundamentally changed the manual workshop style.
Manufacturing industry, but it can't adapt to the changing demand and the requirements of multi-variety and small batch production.
This hardware-based manufacturing system is called rigid manufacturing.
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12 flexible manufacturing system
In 1960s, Moliis Company in Britain built computer-controlled automatic processing equipment.
The system marked by the combination of hardware and software is a new system with high adaptability.
Manufacturing system, compared with Detroit model, is called Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS).
The concept of manufacturing flexibility is put forward. The popularity and comprehensiveness of numerical control technology began in the 1970s.
Automation technology to the 1980s, CAD, CAE, CAP, CAM, CAD/CAE.
The single technologies such as CAD/CAM, MRP, process database and material transmission have been developed.
Perfect; Knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence applications, high-quality and low-cost manufacturing in the 1990s, and
Flexibility is the main research content of engineering.
three
13 definition of manufacturing flexibility
Manufacturing flexibility is defined as the adaptability (reaction) of manufacturing system to changes of external factors.
Ability and adaptability to changes in internal factors of the system (interference, fluctuation or failure)
Ability.
Agile manufacturing requires that manufacturing flexibility must become a part of a large system.
Including the flexibility of personnel, equipment, instruments and software, to ensure that
Quick response ability of agile manufacturing system. It is easy to realize flexible manufacture.
Time is difficult. At present, statistics show that more than 90% of manufacturing systems can only handle 1 zero.
65% of the parts, the system can only process 2 ~ 10 varieties of parts. Yaosheng
To meet the flexibility of production, it is necessary to greatly increase the complexity of the system, which is a very
A complicated problem.
4 Virtual manufacturing technology
Virtual manufacturing technology is a new man-machine interface based on computer.
Computer technology, powerful software and hardware functions and other interactive devices are used in computer engineering.
Create a virtual environment on the platform. Use human knowledge, technology and feelings.
Knowledge and ability, interaction with objects in the virtual world, should be carried out.
Comprehensive modeling and simulation of product design and manufacturing activities (including: production
Product design, processing and assembly, logistics, production planning, organization and management, etc. ). Unfinished products
The design, development and manufacture of products are actually simulated before production.
Process, and conduct a comprehensive simulation test of product performance, and predict the design and manufacture of products.
Manufacturing rationality, product performance and manufacturing cycle, etc. , in order to achieve optimization. Make the development and production cycle of products the shortest, the lowest cost and the best quality.
Now the scope of virtual technology has expanded from new product development, design and manufacturing.
Show the product portfolio, market development and marketing activities, product technology and economic evaluation to the virtual company.
Price, etc. And all this is done on the computer platform.
Because virtual manufacturing technology has shown great significance in the face of fierce market competition.
The technical advantage is great. Therefore, it is widely adopted by advanced industrial countries and companies.
Attach great importance to it. Under the auspices of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, China has been in September 1998.
The first "Virtual Manufacturing Technology Seminar" was held in Beijing.
Research and application of manufacturing technology in China.
5 software technology
Computer technology should include: computer hardware and software. that
Software technology is a necessary basic condition for giving full play to computer functions 2. can
It is said that everything is advanced only through the application of computer technology (hardware and software).
Technology can work. Now the software is very powerful, almost in
Excellent software can find technical branches in all fields involving engineering.
Hold on. For a certain technology, to a certain extent, it can also be said that the software function is decisive.
Determine its technical level.
6 management technology
Management is developed with the production of capitalist commodities, and it has always been so.
Entering a brand-new era, its course can be summarized as follows.
six
1 1 traditional management
/kloc-from the late 0/8th century to the early 20th century, it was operated in manual workshops.
Managers are capital owners, and workers work by experience.
Fu took his apprentice.
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12 scientific management
From the early 20th century to the 1940s, it changed from liberal capitalism to monopoly capital.
Transition, separation of capital owners and managers, and separation from experience management.
Conclusion: Make it systematic, scientific and theoretical, and then guide the management practice and form it.
Scientific management theory. Representative figures are Taylor (America), Fa Yueer (France) and Mayo.
(America) and so on.
Taylor advocates scientific working hours quota, standardized working environment and piecework.
Information, process planning, management function system, etc.
Fa Yueer put forward five functions of management: planning, organizing, directing and coordinating.
Regulation, control, etc. Article 14 management principles: division of responsibilities, unity of powers and responsibilities, strict discipline,
Unity of command, unity of command, and individual interests are subordinate to overall interests and reports.
Reward, centralization, rank series, order, fairness, maintaining personnel stability, initiative,
Collective spirit, etc.
Mayo's "behavioral science" theory studies workers' behaviors in production and production.
The reason for the behavior. Contents include: human nature and needs, behavioral dynamics.
Machines, interpersonal relationships in production, etc. He studies philosophy, medicine and psychology.
The author thinks that workers are "social people" and disagrees with Taylor's view that workers are "economic people"
Viewpoint; Scientific management only emphasizes "formal organization", but it still exists in enterprises.
"informal organization"; It is pointed out that the first factor to promote productivity is morale and motivation.
Working conditions and wages are the second factors.
In short, Taylor and others focus on working methods and research management.
Conditions, in order to achieve scientific management. Mayo and others are people-oriented.
Management research center.
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13 modern management
Since World War II, capitalist enterprise management has entered the modern management stage. With the rapid development of science and technology, large and complex major projects have appeared, and multinational companies have also appeared.
The emergence of companies, the changeable environment and market, and the intensification of market competition reflect the characteristics of today's times.
Point. In order to adapt to social development, there are two schools of management theory: one is to take Thailand as an example.
Scientific management theory represented by music and organizational management theory represented by Fa Yueer.
Its extension and evolution have absorbed the new achievements of natural science and technical science, such as the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Unified engineering, computer, etc. ; The other is the behavioral science school represented by Mayo. two
Factions combine to form modern management, that is, scientific management is linked to interpersonal relationships.
Joint management. However, the emergence of agile manufacturing limited the past to enterprises.
Our management has extended to the whole society and market.
7 human factors (human factors)
In modern management, human factors have been put into production and scientific and technological progress.
The role is placed in the center, and this change has a process. Originating
Only consider physical ability to study how to give full play to human role in production.
The potential in the process of physical fitness, thus gradually developing into the play of people's subjective initiative,
So as to realize rapid market response.
8. The grim reality of China's machinery manufacturing industry.
At present, the machinery manufacturing industry has entered the most difficult period since the founding of the People's Republic of China, which
Be concerned by all sides. For example, the machine tool industry has experienced negative growth for several consecutive years.
Grow up. The Ministry of Machinery Industry pointed out in the Outline of the Revitalization of Machinery Industry that China's manufacturing industry
There are five major problems in the industry: unstable quality, low product level and advanced world.
The level of products only accounts for 5%; The concentration of production is low, and the phenomenon of dispersion and repetition is serious; Science and technology base
Weak foundation and poor independent development ability; Old equipment and backward technology; Weak management,
There is no modern management concept.
Due to the long-term operation under the planned system, enterprises lack competitiveness and capital shortage.
Lack, poor adaptability to the market, coupled with the impact of imports, make many machines
Machinery manufacturing enterprises are in trouble. How to revitalize and get rid of difficulties, you can learn one first.
Practices of advanced countries and regions.
(1) The United States believes that 68% of social wealth comes from manufacturing, so it always puts
The goal is to keep manufacturing engineering research and manufacturing industry at the world-class level.
Let's go Main measures:
● Encourage and support the transformation of research achievements of universities and scientific research institutions into industries.
Establish "National Manufacturing Engineering Center (ERC)" and "Industry-University Cooperation Research"
Center (IUCRC), Manufacturing Technology Center (MTC), etc. Push through IVCRC
Promote cooperation and exchanges between industry and universities and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
● Make a comprehensive automation plan for small and medium-sized enterprises and implement it through MTC.
Broaden this plan, diagnose, evaluate and train, and improve the quality of employees.
Renew ideas and effectively improve the small and medium-sized enterprise market, which accounts for 85% of the total number of American enterprises.
Domain competitiveness.
(2) Japan became the world leader in manufacturing in the past 10 years.
As far as machine tool manufacturing is concerned, it is one of the three largest in the world, accounting for 30%. oneself
Since 1982, it has been the largest machine tool manufacturer in the world. Main measures
Stone:
Pay special attention to the promotion of CNC machine tools and CNC technology, CNC machine tools account for.
The total output of machine tools is more than 70%, which is very important for improving Japan's industrial productivity and international competitiveness.
The ability to make a significant contribution.
● The government and industry constantly take the initiative to adopt new technologies to maintain the manufacturing industry.
Leading position in the industry, such as "simplification and swelling reduction" and "agile system" facing the market.
Create a new concept (assembly line production), take users as God, people as center, simplification as means, and zero defect as the ultimate goal to realize the so-called "excellent life"
Production. "This idea of continuously improving the production mode of products is to increase the new contribution of enterprises.
Strategies for improving product performance.
● High-quality mass production.
(3) The specialty of German manufacturing industry is innovation, high quality and high price.
According to the special needs of the object, supply in the shortest time. Product competition is mainly through technology.
Leading to realization, not cost reduction. Obtain technical advantages through the interests of enterprises.
Organizational structure promotes the realization of profit target. The technological transformation of enterprises is embodied in: logistics
As well as the automation of processing, the integration of information flow, the rational use of energy and enterprise integration.
Adapt to the changing market, people's enthusiasm and technological progress.
(4) Taiwan Province Province has average performance and low price. 1967 machine tool head
Export, the use of cheap labor in Taiwan Province Province, with the help of advanced countries' capital, technology,
The semi-finished products of imported parts are simply processed and assembled to become foreign brands. get through
Foreign businessmen sell to industrialized countries such as the United States to earn a little wage difference and foreign exchange.
Internationalization began in the 1980s. Due to the opening up of the mainland, cheap labor has been replaced by the mainland.
For this reason, Taiwan Province Province began to pay attention to high-tech industries, and officially started CNC machine tools.
After 10 years, there will be 1 150 existing machine tool manufacturers, of which nearly 90% are 30 people.
Small factory. 196 The output value of machine tools reached1800 million US dollars, and 39.2 billion new machine tools were exported.
Currency, exports accounted for 67%. 1997 affected by the southeast Asian financial crisis, machine tool production.
It fell by 4% to NT$ 37.5 billion.
From the successful experience of these countries and Taiwan Province Province, we can know their manufacturing industries.
Development combines its own characteristics, forms its own characteristics, and strives for survival. We only
It is necessary to look at the direction, formulate practical strategic strategies from the government to the enterprise, and be serious.
Support and implement from all aspects. And the most crucial one is the groups at all levels.
The reform of the organization enables it to coordinate and mobilize the advantages and enthusiasm of all parties.
Sex and adapt to the current market situation.
9 Concluding remarks
The content of this paper only involves the development of some high-tech in machinery manufacturing industry.
Under the situation, how to inject high and new technology into China's machinery manufacturing industry to produce well
Good social and economic benefits, concept change and system reform are the key to application.
High-tech transformation and development of new products with market competitiveness, which is again
At present, the urgent task of changing the face of China machinery manufacturing industry has left the development of new products.
Hair, then all other efforts will become the source of rootless trees without water. overcome
Conservative and conformist, under the auspices of the relevant government departments, take the combination of Industry-University-Research.
Road, which will make the machinery manufacturing industry towards health and development.
Take the exam and contribute.
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