First of all, it is necessary to publicize a lot to raise people's awareness and strengthen environmental awareness.
Secondly, we should recycle waste and reduce the felling of forest trees. We should also strengthen the control of white pollution and use less plastic products.
Finally, we should improve the cleanliness and make the city cleaner.
For the sake of the earth's tomorrow, we must work hard and protect the environment from now on. Here we put forward the following suggestions:
Carrying out garbage sorting and bagging can not only reduce the workload of sanitation workers, but also make better use of waste, reduce pollution and save resources.
Use less plastic bags and try to use bamboo baskets when buying food.
Try to use pens with replaceable refills to reduce the waste and rubbish of ballpoint pen shells.
Try not to use disposable lunch boxes when eating out.
Sowing green means sowing the hope of excess garbage and environmental problems. Recovery and comprehensive utilization of toilet garbage (2) popular science.
Think of drinking pure water
Nowadays, drinking water is becoming a trend. Although the media has introduced the disadvantages of drinking water more than once, the family of "drinking water" is still expanding day by day.
Drinking water not only refers to pure water, but also includes mineral water, distilled water and even space water. However, drinking tap water from our childhood has become relatively "non-drinking water". It is not ruled out that drinking water is popular at present, and speculation has played a certain role, but it reflects that the current water pollution has reached an unbearable level.
It is reported: "It is reported that in 979, a survey of 798 cities and towns in China showed that the daily sewage discharge in China was 2.58 million tons, including 8 19 for industrial wastewater and 0/99.1989 for domestic sewage. Through the investigation of 854 towns in China, the daily sewage discharge reaches 36.53 billion tons, of which 550 million tons are industrial wastewater.
In addition, there is an indisputable fact in Shanghai. Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai, was a clear river full of fish and shrimp before the mid-1950s (1958). 1962 water quality began to be polluted, and 1963 began to have 22 dark and smelly periods, 65438+.
The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and water quality deterioration have brought serious harm to human health, human life and production.
Water is an important substance for human survival. A person who leads an honest and clean life can bring people lush flowers, birds and flowers, tranquility and comfort, picturesque scenery and beautiful environment, and bring people tranquility, joy and peace. But today's polluted water has brought people pain, terror and disaster. In order to make life better, let beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever, and let clear water flow continuously, people have become more and more aware of the importance of preventing water pollution.
Sowing green means sowing hope for excess garbage and environmental problems. From drinking pure water, think of recycling and comprehensive utilization of garbage. Recycling and comprehensive utilization of garbage is a science in the bathroom.
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems in the world today. China is one of the countries with serious desertification hazards in the world, especially the desertification (sandy desertification) in northern China, which has attracted people's attention because of its vast area and rapid development. According to the background of natural environment, human activities, social and economic characteristics and their interaction in North China, through the theory and practice of desertification research in recent 20 years, we summarize the concept of desertification as follows: desertification refers to land degradation characterized by sandstorm activities in arid, semi-arid and partially semi-humid areas because of the disharmony between unreasonable economic activities of human beings and natural resources and environment. The occurrence and development of desertification in northern China is accompanied by the history of human civilization, and its development speed is the fastest in the past century. The process of desertification intensifies the wind erosion-wind accumulation of soil, destroys the physical and chemical properties of soil, reduces or even loses the land production potential, worsens the natural environment, causes huge losses to the national economy, and seriously affects the living standards and living environment of people in agricultural and pastoral areas. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the role of human activities, especially the role of land use in the process of desertification, to clarify the formation mechanism of desertification, to enrich the research theory of desertification and to formulate policies and measures to prevent and control desertification.
Environmental protection is an important topic in today's world, and it is also a major event that governments all over the world care about and try their best to deal with. This is not only for the earth on which we live, but also for us and our descendants.
With the prosperity of economy, the rapid development of science, the industrialization of cities, and pollution problems, such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution, all endanger our lives; Forests are destroyed, trees are cut down, soil erosion and land desertification, all because human beings do not pay attention to environmental protection.
So I study with the theme of environmental protection and advocate that "everyone is responsible for protecting the environment".
The world emits more than 600 million tons of gases that pose a great threat to mankind every year. It is estimated that by the middle of the next century, one third of the earth's surface will be in danger of desertification, and 60,000 square kilometers of land will be desertification every year, threatening more than 60 countries ... See these shocking figures. How do you feel, my friend?
Engels said: "We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. Every time such a victory, nature will retaliate against us. " Isn't it? From the appearance of apes to the highly developed civilization era, human beings have never stopped asking for nature, and nature is also "responsive", which further breeds human greed. They wantonly cut down trees on the earth, set up chemical plants and discharge pollutants and wastes. As a result, once the mountains and rivers were beautiful, the blue mother earth looked devastated and filthy. Why isn't this chilling?
Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility! People, let's join hands. From now on, rebuild a green earth! For ourselves, for future generations, for everything on earth. "Don't do it with kindness and smallness", I think everyone understands. Protecting the environment starts with small things, such as picking up an abandoned battery, recycling waste products and refusing to use ultra-thin plastic bags. If everyone can do it, the world environment will be greatly improved.
Not long ago, I heard on TV that the Leshan Giant Buddha, known as the "world's largest Buddha", used to be a clear and transparent river, but now it has become a foul-smelling river, because nearby factories have been discharging sewage into the river for a long time. Look! Even a five-year-old boy covered his nose and cried; "Too dirty and smelly!" This is not an individual special example. TV, newspapers, tabloids and magazines often see similar reports. Are these manufacturers willing to live in such a dirty family? I don't think my little home is so dirty! The discharged sewage not only makes the river turbid, destroys our drinking water source, but also makes it impossible for fish to survive. In the long run, in the near future, there will be no more "fish" on our table!
The factory is getting bigger and bigger, not only the sewage discharged seriously pollutes the original clean river water, but also the toxic gas discharged from the chimney is discharged into the air, so that we are now inhaling all the polluted gas instead of fresh air! These "thick smoke" soared into the sky, and also shattered our ozone layer, resulting in an ozone hole. Tibet is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is known as the "roof of the world". But there are also some blind children whose big eyes are very bright, but later they gradually become blind because of redness and swelling. Everyone will definitely ask: How did this happen? Who is the murderer? It is an invisible killer-ultraviolet light, which is caused by a hole in the ozone layer. The "behind-the-scenes emissary" is a smoke billowing, a large and small factory that emits toxic gases, and in the final analysis, it is ourselves! If we don't take environmental protection measures, it will be ourselves who will eventually suffer!
Having said that, some people may think that protecting the environment is the business of the big boss of the big factory, which has nothing to do with us ordinary citizens. This is wrong. Isn't the increasingly serious "white pollution" around us? At present, some tableware and daily necessities in our life are cleaned once. Do you think these disposable items are easy to clean when we throw them away? As soon as they are thrown away, they become the root of "white pollution" and a pile of garbage ... colorful plastic bags, mineral water bottles, snack boxes and cans can be seen everywhere ... on the bare cement avenue, people feel dazzling. Some people may say: However, many people find it convenient to throw things like this. If so, it's no use sweeping or throwing away, even if more cleaners come!
Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. To improve our living environment, we must start from ourselves, from every little thing around us, and always pay attention to environmental protection. Many trees were burned on the mountain in Tomb-Sweeping Day this year. Isn't it because the people's environmental awareness is not strong enough? Last year, the great flood in Ding 'an of the Yangtze River caused great losses to the country and people, and it was also caused by us human beings. It is because people only pay attention to the immediate interests, but they did not expect that this would cause soil erosion, flood disasters and the desert area would continue to expand. At the same time, more and more wild animals have lost their homes and are about to be "extinct", and they are listed as rare and protected animals. Nature has sounded the alarm for us with various signals. People, stop being stubborn.
I have seen such a picture in which people who are resting are breathing limited fresh air. Although they are surrounded by high-rise buildings and have a rich life, they are surrounded by smoke. This painting gives people a wake-up call: people, protect the environment! If protective measures are not taken, human beings will reap the consequences and pay a heavy price. I. Global 10 Major Environmental Issues
1, climate warming
2. Ozone layer destruction
3. Loss of biodiversity
4, acid rain spread
5. The forest area has decreased sharply.
6. Land desertification
7. Air pollution
8. Water pollution
9. Marine pollution
10, solid waste pollution
Second, the environmental situation in China
1, air pollution is soot pollution, dust and acid rain are the most harmful, and the pollution degree is getting bigger and bigger.
2. Acid rain is mainly distributed in the south of Yangtze River, east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Acid rain pollution is the most serious in central China.
3. The water in rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally polluted to varying degrees. Except for some inland rivers and large reservoirs, pollution tends to increase, especially in the waters near industrialized towns.
4. Among the seven major water systems (Pearl River, Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Hailuan River, Liaohe River and Songhua River), the Yellow River Basin, Songhua River and Liaohe River Basin are seriously polluted by water.
5. The pollution of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in large freshwater lakes is extensive and eutrophication is serious.
6. The Bohai Sea and the East China Sea are seriously polluted, while the South China Sea is relatively light.
7. The deterioration of the ecological environment in fishery waters has not fundamentally changed, and there is an increasing trend.
8. Urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.
9, urban surface water pollution is generally serious, showing a worsening trend. Most rivers are polluted to varying degrees.
10, two thirds of the rivers and more than100000 hectares of farmland in China have been polluted.
Overview of environmental pollution
Due to people's insufficient expectation of the negative impact of highly developed industries and unfavorable prevention, three global crises have resulted: resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Humans constantly discharge pollutants into the environment. However, due to the diffusion, dilution, redox and biodegradation of atmosphere, water and soil, etc. The concentration and toxicity of pollutants will naturally decrease, which is called environmental self-purification. If the discharged substances exceed the self-purification capacity of the environment, the environmental quality will change adversely, endangering human health and survival, thus leading to environmental pollution.
There are many classifications of environmental pollution:
According to environmental factors: air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.
According to human activities: industrial environmental pollution, urban environmental pollution, agricultural environmental pollution.
According to the nature and sources of environmental pollution: chemical pollution, biological pollution, physical contamination (noise pollution, radioactivity, electromagnetic wave) solid waste pollution, energy pollution.
Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and influence to the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also cause indirect harm to the ecosystem and human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are all environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. Serious pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.
At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international. In recent years, the problem of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is a prominent manifestation in this regard.
Protect the earth, starting with me.
Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has raised countless generations of children and grandchildren with sweet milk. It turned out that she was beautifully decorated by junior students. However, now human beings have tortured her to death for their own interests. There is only one earth for mankind; The earth is facing a serious environmental crisis. "Save the Earth" has become the strongest voice of people all over the world.
I feel heartache for the deterioration of the surrounding environment. I think: if teenagers, as future successors, don't understand the composition of human environment and the seriousness of environmental problems, ignore the laws and regulations on environmental protection, don't enhance their awareness of environmental protection, and don't consciously fulfill their obligations to protect the environment, our lives will be destroyed in their own hands, and God will severely punish us. To this end, I am determined to start from myself, protect the environment, protect our homeland and be a guardian of the environment.
In the past year, I actively participated in the tree planting activities carried out by the school, led the class cadres of our Senior One (6) Squadron to set up a "Green Angel" tree planting and green protection group, encouraged the team members to adopt a small sapling on campus, and used their spare time to decorate it carefully, laying the foundation for it to grow into a towering tree. In the signature activity of "Let the Earth Be Full of Life" organized by the school, I solemnly signed my name on it, writing down my determination and expectation for environmental protection and my vision for a better future. I actively participated in the prize-winning essay-writing activities held by the school in World Environment Day, carefully consulted and collected various materials, conducted social surveys, and wrote articles on environmental governance. I often take part in environmental protection lectures organized by the school, watch environmental protection videos, actively participate in environmental protection knowledge quiz activities, and fill in each question carefully. I participated in the website construction of "Green Team with Red Scarf", and posted many pictures and knowledge about environmental protection, as well as legal knowledge about various aspects of environmental protection, the development trend of environmental protection in China, and the environmental protection situation around the world. Every month, I will use the internet and newspapers to find some latest "environmental information" with different themes and sections to tell you; We also make some publicity boards regularly to publicize environmental protection knowledge and common sense of life. Raise everyone's awareness of environmental protection; Call on students to take care of their homes from different aspects, start from the little things around them and make contributions to the surrounding environment! I actively mobilize people around me to protect and build the same and only home of mankind according to law, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and make contributions to human civilization. Together with my classmates, I also launched the initiative of "raising a potted flower, adopting a tree, cherishing every green space and making our surroundings full of green" and "replacing foam lunch boxes and disposable chopsticks with small plastic bags to keep us away from white pollution". Let's put down the convenient bag and pick up the vegetable basket. Let's move towards a bright green tomorrow and a brilliant future!
According to a report I collected, "environmental problems are caused by unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by human beings." Shocking environmental problems mainly include air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, food pollution and improper development and utilization of natural resources. "Iron facts tell us that they are ruthlessly devouring human life like demons. It threatens the ecological balance, harms human health, restricts the sustainable development of economy and society, and puts human beings in a dilemma. To this end, I issued a declaration: "As long as we humans always have the awareness of protecting the environment and managing the environment according to law, the global village will become a beautiful paradise". In the future, the sky will be blue, the water will be clear, the trees will be shaded, and the flowers will be everywhere. Humans can enjoy the happiness endowed by nature.
"The real test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions." Although what I am doing now is just a small thing, I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment, start from ourselves, start from small things, and work together to protect our homeland, we will naturally give humanity the due return. Take a nap in the warm cradle-grassland; Grow up under the kind smiling face-the sky, and bathe in the river, the source of love.
Yellow Sunday
Xi 'an Liang Shu, Xi 'an Liang Shu? V gray? What about Huaihuai? ○ ○○○?????????????????????????96
On the morning of Sunday, April 7, I was surprised when I opened the curtains. I see the sky outside is not as blue as before, and the sun is not as bright as before. Those tall buildings in the distance are as dim as a mirage. Under the influence of the sandstorm, people in the building lit the lights to illuminate themselves. The boundary between heaven and earth is not so clear, but muddy yellow. People in the street are armed to the teeth, covered with headscarves and covering their mouths. I'm afraid that sand will enter my respiratory tract. As soon as you walk out of the house, the smell of sand comes to your face, and a gust of wind blows, feeling the sand hitting your face, big and small. Suddenly, my clean face was painted with a layer of khaki glaze, and my face was dressed as an aboriginal face. I looked down, and the earth was dressed in khaki. After a while, it began to snow again. Many people are very happy. They think snowflakes are white and beautiful. But they were wrong. Today's snowflakes fall on people like bombs, blowing up "yellow flowers" one after another. It's embarrassing. I was "bombed" like Xiaoyan.
Today's scene makes people once again see the consequences of destroying the environment. Under the reminder of the disaster, people have realized that it is urgent to follow the laws of nature and care for our living environment. I believe that with the continuous progress of science and technology, through the continuous efforts of all mankind, planting trees, protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance, the frequency of disasters will gradually decrease. The beautiful face of the earth will reappear before our eyes!
Humans, there is only one earth.
I love the earth and the home where we live. Love her mountains and waters, love her green grass and blue sky. ...
I played and laughed with butterflies among the fragrant flowers in the four fields; In the lush forest, I chase and sing with birds; Early in the morning, I went for an outing in Yuan Ye with light steps. The mist filled the air, like a piece of white gauze floating gently in the air. Sucking the flowers and enjoying the sunshine bath, I am intoxicated in this ecstatic dream; In the evening, I sat in a farmhouse with fragrant rice, looking up at the bright stars and listening to cicadas and frogs, as if I were in a fairy tale kingdom. In spring, I sit on the back of a cow and listen to the pastoral melody and melodious flute on the endless grassland. In summer, I sat in a boat, paddled the green lake, and watched the seagulls skim across the vast lake lightly; In autumn, I stand under the tree, expecting the golden leaves to fall one by one; In winter, I stand at the window and admire the snowflakes flying in the air. My heart is drunk in this picturesque fairyland!
Once upon a time, people hacked and hacked, destroying the ecological balance of nature. Dunes have swallowed up thousands of hectares of fertile land, floods have destroyed lovely homes, and nature's revenge has embarrassed mankind. Meishuixi once said that there would be no human beings without nature, which is the simplest truth in the world. Blindly plundering and conquering nature will only destroy the ecosystem and bring mankind to the brink of difficulties. This sentence is absolutely true. People don't give face to nature, and nature certainly won't give people a way back. In fact, the flood in 1998 and the sandstorm in 2000 were both warnings issued by nature to human beings.
Once upon a time, people arrested and killed indiscriminately, which made human friends suffer greatly. "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths", which is the truest portrayal of the consequences of killing animals. From the bear injury of college students to the crazy hunting of fools, will humans also point their guns at themselves? Remember, protecting animals means protecting ourselves.
Once upon a time, the outbreak of war left our planet devastated. Although the mushroom cloud over Hiroshima and Nagasaki has dissipated for more than half a century, it is still barren. Therefore, peace is an important prerequisite for environmental protection of all mankind.
I can't imagine how miserable the world will be if we continue like this. Nothing grows on the ground, the sky is full of dust, and human beings will become piles of bones in the scream of the devil. At that time, we could only say that man once belonged to the earth, but the earth will never belong to man again.
Gu once said that every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. The historical responsibility of protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance should fall on our cross-century generation. Let's all care about nature, love the earth, hand in hand, shoulder to shoulder, heart to heart, and build a green levee to defend resources, environment, the earth and our beautiful home!
Qijiangqing
Qijiang, my mother river, meanders from north to south. I grew up in her arms. She gave me childhood happiness. I spent the happy time of my golden childhood with Qijiang.
I remember that when I was only the size of a bean, I watched Zhao Hui jump on the river for countless mornings, reflecting the clear river red, like wearing a red scarf for Qijiang, and the lush banyan trees around me also put on dressing gowns. Groups of men, women and children stroll along the river, enjoying the fresh air and the morning songs played by the breeze of birds.
During the Dragon Boat Festival, there will be wonderful dragon boat races on the river. People came one after another, scrambling to gather by the river to watch the excitement. Dragon boats are neatly arranged on the river, and every big man with bronzed skin on board tries his best. After each salute, dragon boats go hand in hand and set off river waves. Some people stamped their feet by the river, some people cheered loudly, some people craned their necks like giraffes ... The dragon boat in the river broke through the waves, accompanied by the sound of gongs and drums. ...
The happiness of my childhood was immersed in the clear blue waves of the Qijiang River. As long as the breeze blows, all good memories are spun from the rippling blue waves. Now, when I greet Qijiang alone, it has changed beyond recognition: the polluted river is mixed with a lot of garbage, and occasionally one or two dead fish float up, emitting an intoxicating stench. Green, gone, bird, I can't hear you. The river is full of piles of rubbish, and the fresh and fragrant breeze of the past has become dirty and bitter. I cried sadly to Qijiang, "Where have you been?" But it just beat the river bank with waves, groaned like a dying patient and cried sadly to people: "Please help me!" " "
Perhaps because of its beauty in the past, perhaps because of its ugliness now, perhaps because of the requirements of the times, Qijiang's cry for help has finally been answered. The municipal government attached great importance to the renovation of the Qijiang River, organized manpower and material resources to demolish dilapidated buildings on both sides of the Qijiang River, planted green trees and red flowers on the banks of the river, and prohibited people from dumping garbage into the river and discharging sewage into the river. Qijiang began to regain its vitality and reappear the beautiful scene of the past. I think: Over time, my mother Heqijiang will take care of our home more than before.
China for thousands of years, thinkers and politicians of all ages advocated the idea of unity and mutual assistance, and a harmonious society has always been the highest ideal of people. Harmony means harmony and harmonious development. A harmonious society should be a society of unity, friendship and mutual assistance. However, in real life, due to the differences in ideological consciousness, values and hobbies of many students, some people's behaviors are not conducive to unity and mutual assistance, and even sometimes there are some phenomena that harm others and benefit themselves; Some students like to engage in small liberalism, not talking in person, behind their backs, not talking in class, and talking outside school, which leads to mutual suspicion and discord among students; Some students even put some things into the society: mercenary, harming others and taking advantage of others; Even cheating and cheating are brought to campus more or less, which is not only shameful, but also a moral prisoner. As an important part of the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, General Secretary Hu proposed that "we should be proud of unity and mutual assistance and ashamed of harming others and benefiting ourselves", which enriched the content of socialist moral construction and campus culture. What we middle school students should do today is; Students should be harmonious, United, friendly and helpful; The campus should be harmonious and build a harmonious campus of unity, friendship and civilization. Historical experience has repeatedly told us that whether there is a moral fashion of solidarity and mutual assistance is one of the important signs to judge whether a group is healthy or not and whether a society is harmonious. A very important aspect of inheriting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is to carry forward the virtues of unity, friendship, mutual assistance and love. Yes! China is known as "a country of etiquette" and stresses the traditional virtues of kindness, friendliness and harmony with others. Our new generation of middle school students should inherit these traditional virtues, work hard for building a harmonious campus today and pay for building a harmonious society tomorrow, which is the heavy responsibility entrusted to us by history! This is the mission entrusted to us by the times!
Environmental protection, starting from the little things around us. ...
Recently, a group of middle school students in Beijing wrote a letter to Premier Zhu Rongji advocating environmental protection, which aroused the Premier's great attention ... Ask ourselves, shouldn't each of us reflect deeply on this?
Environmental protection is not a new problem for us, and our government has already put forward a clear governance goal. As every ordinary person in real life, although it is impossible for all of us to directly engage in environmental protection work, we can start from small things and start from me. When you see the faucet dripping in the bathroom, can you raise your hand and turn it off? The battery is used up, can it be collected separately instead of thrown away? Can you consciously not use ultra-thin plastic bags when shopping? ..... Although every little thing is insignificant, it shows how much we are aware of environmental protection.
I know an old lady who takes a small cloth bag every time she goes shopping and a small steel spoon every time she goes to a restaurant. It looks ordinary, but it is really not easy for this old comrade to consciously insist on not using white plastic bags and disposable chopsticks for many years. This requires not only a firm belief in environmental protection but also good habits. There is no doubt that environmental awareness is closely related to people's education level, and it is easiest for us to find supporters of environmental protection on university campuses. However, we can often find a lot of leftovers in the trash can of the university cafeteria. The author also heard that there was such a college student who was enthusiastic about environmental protection and went to the Yunnan border to protect the golden monkey, but he forgot to turn off the tap in the water room several times. This reminds us that it is not easy to protect the environment in an all-round way and popularize and improve the environmental awareness of the whole nation. Environmental protection includes not only protecting animals and forests, preventing air and water pollution, but also all kinds of small things that are everywhere in our lives.
In the final analysis, human's protection of the environment is based on the protection of the increasingly exhausted resources on the earth and the protection of industrial civilization after entering 2 1 century.