Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes social progress and is the source of knowledge evolution." What is imagination? It is a cognitive ability to form a new image on the basis of appearance. The creation and invention of human beings are inseparable from imagination, and students' learning is also inseparable from imagination. When students learn Chinese, they are often accompanied by rich imagination activities. Imagination in reading can broaden the cognitive field, go deep into the artistic conception described in the text, vividly show the created image, understand and comprehend the emotion and wisdom contained in it, and be influenced by education; Flying imagination in writing can enrich the content of the article, portray vivid images and increase emotional color. Without active imagination when learning Chinese, it is difficult to deeply understand the connotation of the text and improve the expression ability. Chinese teaching should focus on cultivating students' imagination.
First, enrich the accumulation of appearances and broaden the imagination space
Representation is the image left in the mind by things that once acted on people, and it is the basis of imagination. The level of imagination depends on the quantity and quality of appearances. The richer the representation in the mind, the richer the knowledge and the broader and deeper the imagination; On the contrary, the worse the appearance, the narrower, superficial and sometimes distorted the imagination. Rich appearances come from a lot of contact and careful observation of direct and indirect life. Therefore, teachers should actively guide students to broaden their life fields and strive to achieve the following four points: First, read more. Watch all kinds of beneficial pictures, movies, TV, videos, books, plays, sketches, cultural programs, sports competitions, all kinds of people, events, sights and things in life, colorful nature and a booming real society. The second is to listen more. Listen to the radio, listen to music crosstalk, listen to the report of Yingmo, listen to the teacher's teaching, listen to the classmates' talk, listen to the memories of the elderly, and listen to seminars, symposiums and debates. The third is to visit more. Interview British models, stars, advanced figures and successful people, visit relatives and friends, visit rich experts, visit scenic spots and historical sites, and inspect township enterprises. The fourth is to do more. Do housework, participate in school labor and production practice activities and community public welfare activities; Conduct small experiments, small production, edit and publish periodicals, plant flowers and plants, collect stamps, feed animals, etc. All these will leave deep or shallow marks on students' hearts, presenting a colorful world. The thicker the students' life experience, the richer the accumulation of images and the broader their imagination.
Second, cultivate sincere feelings and stimulate imagination.
Ye Shengtao said: "To appreciate literature and art, we must drive away imagination." The important link of reading activities is to guide imagination and reproduce images. "The writer's creation is the reappearance of life, and the reader's appreciation is the return of life." The relationship between imagination and emotion is inseparable. Imagination is induced under certain emotions, and emotions are the driving force of imagination. With it, we can spread the wings of imagination. Students have rich and sincere feelings, which can stimulate, mobilize and broaden their imagination. How to cultivate students' rich and sincere feelings?
1. Enrich knowledge and raise awareness. The richer the knowledge, the deeper the understanding and the more sincere the emotion. In Chinese teaching, we should broaden students' horizons and enrich their knowledge through various forms and channels, so that they can gradually improve their understanding and establish the concept of right and wrong as soon as possible, so that they can distinguish between true and false, beauty, ugliness, good and evil, and cultivate corresponding feelings of love, hate, likes and dislikes on this basis.
2. Create situations and stimulate emotions. Concrete, vivid, beautiful and touching situations have great appeal and can stimulate students' emotion and imagination. In Chinese teaching, situations can be created by means of language description, physical display, music rendering, live performance, picture display, video reproduction and life simulation, so that students can be placed in the atmosphere of perception, understanding, sentiment, emotion and imagination, thus achieving the purpose of cultivating emotions and stimulating imagination.
3. Read famous articles to enrich emotions. Famous books are full of the author's lofty beliefs and sincere feelings. Different masterpieces contain different emotions. Guiding students to read a lot of famous books and study hard can not only enrich their knowledge and improve their cognitive ability, but also naturally shock readers' hearts, stimulate their inspiration, breed sincere feelings and fly the wings of imagination.
4. Engage in practice and develop emotions. Some people say that practice is the source of emotion. Actively guiding students to participate in practical activities in Chinese teaching can form and develop students' emotions. Through the activities of "learning science by hands", "protecting the earth, eliminating pollution", "caring for others, donating money and materials" and Chinese, mathematics, music, art and other disciplines, students can gradually cultivate sincere feelings of loving science, environment, others, learning and beauty in practical activities.
Third, accumulate a large number of words and activate imagination.
Subtle thoughts in Chinese teaching cannot be expressed without beautiful and vivid language. If you don't have enough language accumulation, you will look pale and powerless, just like "a thousand miles of blue sky, two or three thin clouds". How can you expect rain? Language is not only a tool for communication, but also a tool for thinking. A person with poor language can't develop his thinking highly. Therefore, enriching students' vocabulary is undoubtedly an effective means to enliven their imagination. Students' imagination activities are carried out under the adjustment of language and expressed in the form of language. Only by accumulating rich vocabulary can we accurately describe different images. Taking composition as an example, students with the same imagination have different language expression ability because of their different mastery and application of vocabulary, and their imagination expression can be divided into rich, vivid and boring. Therefore, whether it is vocabulary teaching, reading teaching or composition teaching, we should pay full attention to language teaching, so that students can master the vocabulary and imagination of describing various things, thus developing and improving students' language expression ability and activating students' imagination. How to lead students to accumulate vocabulary?
1. Accumulate in reading. "Reading as reciting" means reading repeatedly, showing a process, gaining an experience, and then naturally producing the result-reciting. Recitation is conducive to the accumulation of language materials, the establishment and storage of perceptual language models in the brain, and the formation of a good language response mechanism from the brain to the pronunciation organs and other organs. Therefore, in Chinese learning, reading aloud and reciting are highly valued, so that we can truly return to the original world of Chinese learning and make familiar reading the main theme of Chinese learning. For example, idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, couplets, poems, aphorisms or poems, as well as wonderful fragments or full texts of the text, should be read repeatedly and memorized by heart. The statement that "Chinese should be learned and mathematics should be counted" is not groundless and nonsense, but should be full of real Chinese learning methods.
2. Accumulate in reading. Reading is a thinking process that transforms a series of language symbols into specific meanings and thoughts. Reading is actually dealing with language. Excellent literary works are always the fusion of wonderful languages. In order to express their unique views, express their thoughts and feelings, and inspire readers' inspiration and wisdom, the author spared no effort in wording. Only by careful taste and experience in reading can we know where the beauty lies. Therefore, we must develop the habit of tasting and pondering in reading, so as to enrich our language experience and form a good sense of language. When reading after class, we should guide students to read more and accumulate more literary works, excellent poems and wonderful sentences with literary literacy at all times and in all countries.
3. Accumulate in application. Chinese is closely related to life, and life is full of Chinese. In life, you should see, listen, think and feel with your keen eyes, sensitive ears and smart mind. In this way, you will find that what comes from other people's mouths may be the essence of language; By observing the words and deeds of people of different identities, ages and sexes in front of different occasions and different objects, we will realize that language expression is not hasty, but very particular. Students should be encouraged to participate in social life, be conscientious people in life, accumulate common proverbs and allegorical sayings, pay attention to the surrounding slogans and advertising words, and record them at any time; Instruct students to record the good materials they see, hear and think in movies, plays, TV broadcasts, newspapers and books, collect and learn the language of life extensively, circulate it among students, observe and learn from each other. Learning to taste life will make language full of spirituality.
In addition, students should be guided to use language inside and outside the classroom and inside and outside the school. Mao Zedong said: "Reading is learning, using is learning, and more importantly, learning." It is used in story telling, speech contest, debate, reading experience exchange meeting and daily communication, in classroom speech, in keeping a diary, oral composition and written composition.
In the repeated language accumulation and application, students not only activate their own language accumulation, but also absorb the fresh vocabulary of others, thus realizing the re-accumulation of language. The richer students' language accumulation, the broader their imagination and the stronger their expressive ability.
Fourth, carry out solid training and cultivate imagination.
Imagination is not innate, but can be developed and cultivated in teaching. In Chinese teaching, in order to let students' imagination plug in the wings to fight against the storm, and achieve "thinking about the Millennium and seeing through Wan Li", we must fully tap the potential resources and materials of the text, inspire students to contact with real life, find a good breakthrough point of imagination, let students "dream" and cultivate and enhance their imagination.
1. Details. Because of the need of expression, an article often has a micro pen or a virtual pen. In this regard, students can make reasonable imagination according to the original content and life experience, and simplify the complex. For example, in the first teaching of Goodbye, Relatives, let students reasonably imagine how fierce the fighting form was at that time according to the relevant descriptions; How difficult the situation of the soldiers is; How the aunt and her party braved the bullets and came to the position through the smoke; What is the situation on the ground? How the soldiers were moved ... Then, practice imaginary writing with the theme of "sending cakes".
2. Reasonable extension. Although the things written in some texts have ended, the situation can continue or have new developments. Accordingly, students can take the end of the original text as the starting point of continuation, and connect the text with real life, imagine new situations and conceive new plots to make it continue reasonably. For example, at the end of Teach the Poor, you can arouse your imagination by asking questions: What will the fishermen do or say after the curtain is lifted in Sang Na? What happened to Sang Na's uneasy mood before? What will they discuss? What will happen to them in the future Then practice imaginative continuation with the topic "After Sang Na pulls down the curtain".
3. Multi-directional transformation. Using the potential resources of teaching materials, we can guide students to change the original text into new works and develop their imagination from different angles such as content, center, structure, genre and order. For example, the teaching of the ancient poem "The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou" can let students know the time, place, people and events of the story, and let them boldly imagine it according to their poems and life experiences and rewrite it into a farewell narrative.
4. Imagine according to the picture. Pictures provide students with an intuitive expression of imagination. In teaching, we can make full use of the colorful pictures and illustrations inside and outside the textbook to guide students to observe, inspire students to imagine, conceive stories, show scenery, reveal the inner world of characters, and then reproduce the meaning of the pictures with the help of language and words. For example, draw a circle and let the students imagine and say what they think. Students may think of basketball, big watermelon, the bright moon on the 15th, the flaming sun, lovely smiling faces, the earth and the environmental crisis facing the world at present ... This broadens their thinking, boldly imagines and cultivates students' imagination.
5. Convert text into pictures. To turn words into pictures, we should think from written language to intuitive pictures, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of words and develop students' imagination. For example, teaching the ancient poem "Looking at Tianmen Mountain from afar" allows students to spread their imagination wings, form pictures in their minds and draw imaginary scenes.
6. personification. Look for similarities or similarities between things and conceive new things with duality-both realistic characteristics and functions and their original attributes. For example, the adventures of birds, the arguments in pencil boxes, the animal games in the forest and the dreams of grass can all be the topics for students to write their own fairy tales. You can also observe flowers, rosy clouds, streams, clouds and other natural scenery first, and then write a short article to describe the strange imagination caused by observation.
7. Transposition hypothesis. Children like to look forward to the future and show their ideals and wishes in front of them. This image reflects a person's wishes, and it is a speculation and reflection on the future life and the fate of others. There are two training forms of transposition hypothesis: one is the reader and the characters in the text (or animals, plants, etc. ) change roles and stimulate imagination. Imagine what you would think, say and do if you were in it at this moment. For example, teaching the first sentence of the ancient poem "Antique", "A millet is planted in spring", can lead to empathy: If you are a farmer's uncle, what hope do you have? The second sentence "Harvest ten thousand seeds in autumn" can also arouse empathy: What are your plans at this time? After bold imagination, students will feel more deeply when learning the last two sentences. Second, people (or animals, plants, etc. ) exchange roles with readers in the text, which leads to imagination. Imagine what characters (or animals, plants, etc.) are like. ) came to their living environment in the article. For example, when teaching Fanka, guide students to imagine from other places: What would happen if Fanka, who is nine years old, came to our socialist China? In addition, you can also design exercise topics such as "If I am the principal", "Visit Wenchuan in 20 years" and "If I am a cloud" to guide students to fly their imagination wings and practice imaginative composition.
8. Role-playing.
Psychological research has proved that vivid, concrete, vivid and novel images can shorten the perception time, not only stimulate students' novelty, curiosity and enthusiasm for learning, but also stimulate their rich association and imagination, resulting in magical role effects. Role performance is a combination of voice, action and expression, which has a three-dimensional sense and is the most concrete image. Therefore, role-playing method should be adopted in Chinese teaching in time to create specific situations, release imagination time and space and activate Chinese teaching. The key points of role performance: choose the text suitable for performance; Decompose and combine the plot scenes; Determine the role and prepare simple props; Design lines, actions and expressions; Role playing on the stage. For example, pottery pots and tin cans, and last year's trees and Yan Zi made Chu and other texts. We might as well lead the students to perform roles, so that they can deepen their understanding of the text, be edified, develop their imagination and exercise their talents.
Chinese is a perceptual, personalized and imaginative subject, which plays a unique role in cultivating students' imagination. As long as we rely on teaching materials, connect with students' life, and train and stimulate them purposefully and systematically in Chinese teaching activities inside and outside class according to students' psychological characteristics, students' imagination will flourish over time.