Variable factors in the formation of college students' criminal psychology
The phenomenon of college students' crimes, whether from the number of crimes or the nature of crimes, presents an increasingly severe situation. What is the reason for this phenomenon? Academic circles have studied this issue from many aspects. However, these studies only look for relevant reasons from college students who have committed crimes, which are not representative and are not of great benefit to prevent such crimes; Secondly, we can find that most of these studies analyze the phenomenon itself in isolation, ignoring its internal relations; Finally, one-sided emphasis on the influence of objective conditions is also limited.
Based on this problem, the author carefully analyzes the criminal cases of college students in recent years, and finds that although these cases have different causes, behaviors and criminal nature, what is hidden in the depths of these phenomena is the key role played by criminal psychology. The author believes that investigating the current situation of these key criminal psychology that may induce crime among ordinary college students and analyzing the causes of these psychology can further study the causes of college students' crime and be more conducive to the in-depth study of college students' crime.
For this reason, the author took 147 sample papers from ordinary college students in many areas. The survey method adopts the internationally authoritative EPQ personality test, which can measure the related abnormal personality, that is, the typical personality. Under certain conditions, this typical personality can further develop into a criminal personality, and it is more inclined to commit crimes. Through further investigation and comparison, it is found that there is a triangle-like close relationship between personality, environment and the formation of criminal psychology. Triangle theory? .
First,? Triangle theory? Horizontal axis-the influence of environment on personality
Character is human nature and refers to a person's whole mental outlook. It is the sum total of tendentious psychological characteristics gradually formed in the process of socialization on the basis of innate genetic quality and through personal life practice. As can be seen from the above definition, social practice has a very important influence on the formation of personality. Social practice refers to a social environment, which is divided into macro and micro. Macro social environment refers to social economic environment, social cultural environment and social political environment, while micro social environment refers to family environment and campus environment. Among them, the influence of micro-social environment on the formation of personality is more important, so this paper focuses on reflecting the influence of environment on personality from micro-social environmental factors.
home environment
Family environment refers to the closest environment in the whole process from birth to death. The author believes that college students are generally adults and psychologically mature, so the early social environment, such as family environment, should play a very important role in the formation of their personality, and the survey data shows that it is also the case. The influence of family environment on personality formation is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Incomplete family
Generally speaking, the ideal family should have both parents An incomplete family refers to a family where one or both parents died, a family where both parents have not lived with their children for a long time, and so on. Incomplete family structure will destroy the parent-child relationship, children are vulnerable to psychological trauma from an early age, the needs of love and being loved may not be met, and it is easy to form an unsociable, indifferent and inferior character, which is a type that is easy to commit crimes. The survey shows that college students with incomplete families account for 12.3% of the typical sample. However, according to a survey on juvenile delinquency, 24.65,438+0% of juvenile offenders live in broken families, which shows that college students with incomplete families are more likely to form bad personalities and embark on the road of crime.
At the same time, the parents' incompleteness caused by the emotional breakdown and divorce of husband and wife is more negative than that caused by natural death. Because children face not only a defective family, but also contradictory education and feelings of being abandoned by one parent, their psychological trauma is often more serious.
2. Emotional deficiency
Parents' upbringing of their children is not only to provide material conditions, but also a very important link is emotional communication. If the emotions between parents and children can be effectively communicated, children can easily feel the warmth of the family, and then treat the whole society with a kind heart, which will greatly promote the formation of a healthier personality. On the contrary, the lack of emotion can easily lead to the appearance of children's apathy, loneliness and other bad characters. At present, the lack of affection between parents and children has become a common phenomenon.
According to the survey, only 6.8% of college students will communicate with their parents emotionally, 12% people think that their parents are most concerned about their emotions, and 53% people think that their parents are most concerned about their studies. These data can well reflect the lack of emotional communication between parents. These data are collected from some typical sample tables, which shows the important role of emotional lack in the formation of children's personality.
3. Lack of sex education
In the history of our country, the concept of sexual imprisonment and sexual closure has prevailed for a long time, and sex is regarded as ugly and ulterior. Under the influence of this idea, parents usually talk about sex. Not only do they not talk about sex themselves, but their children are also not allowed to talk about sex. With the development of physiology and psychology, teenagers are generally curious about sex. At this time, if parents do not attach importance to their children's sex education, or even suppress or imprison their children's thoughts, they will often strengthen teenagers' curiosity and rebellious psychology about sex issues.
Under the control of such a sexual curiosity, in the social environment full of unhealthy sexual stimulation information, the desire for sexual knowledge has become a non-selective and non-oriented curiosity, and even leads to illegal and criminal acts. According to the survey, only 2% of college students get sex education from their parents, and 1.2% comes from school teaching. How did the remaining huge proportion get it? It is very thought-provoking!
4. Rough education methods
The most common influence on children's mind is the depression caused by excessive punishment or abuse of teaching by father or mother. If children are rudely educated by their parents for a long time, first of all, their self-esteem is seriously frustrated, and it is easy to form an inferiority complex, indifference and withdrawn character; At the same time, it is easy to hate parents, and the exemplary role that parents should play in their own growth process has not been realized; Finally, parents' rude education methods are easy to be imitated by children who are in adolescence, and it is easy to produce cruel and aggressive personality, and even embark on the road of illegal crimes. According to the survey, 9.6% of college students said that their parents have been giving them a long-term education of beating and cursing. They said? Relax and get used to it? . This data may not attract people's attention, but the potential dissatisfaction of children with their parents' education is frightening. It's hard to imagine that college students who have accepted this negative psychological influence for a long time are facing seemingly? Is it safe? How will you vent your dissatisfaction on the university campus?
(B) Campus environment
The campus environment here only refers to the university campus environment where college students are currently located. With the increase of children's attachment to school, their tendency to commit crimes is decreasing. ? Therefore, a good campus environment can greatly promote the formation of correct personality. Based on the uniqueness of its teaching mode and scope, university campus also has its unique influence on the formation of personality, which cannot be equated with other campus environments. Through investigation, it is found that the following problems generally exist in university campuses:
1. The unique importance of dormitory environment
Universities are different from centralized education in junior and senior high schools, and students' learning autonomy is stronger, so the dormitory environment in universities is also different from junior and senior high schools. At the same time, college students spend more time in the dormitory after studying, and the dormitory environment has an important influence on the formation of their personality, so it is unique. Therefore, some people call the dormitory environment on the university campus the college dormitory. The first society? 、? Second family? And then what? The third category? . The dormitory environment here includes not only the specific hard environment such as hygiene, but also the soft environment of interpersonal communication related to the dormitory. Based on the importance of university campus, this survey asked college students about their satisfaction with the dormitory environment, and found that 54.8% of them were dissatisfied with the dormitory environment, and said? Unbearable.
2. The lack of relevant departments of the school
The school-related departments here mainly refer to the school's security office and psychological counseling office. As the security department of the school, the school security department shoulders the responsibility of protecting the property safety and personal safety of the school. Internally, it is related to students' trust in the school and the cohesion of the school, so it plays a very important role in the overall campus environment of the school. But at the same time, an ineffective security department is bound to have a negative impact on students' personality. After investigation, 39.5% of college students tend to turn to the school security department for help when they encounter theft cases or other unexpected cases. This data shows that students have confidence in the security department, but only 18.4% of the incidents have been effectively handled. This loss of expected income makes 60.5% students more inclined to help themselves.
At the same time, the school's psychological counseling room has not played its due role. Psychological counseling room can relieve and guide students' psychological pressure, further eliminate students' psychological diseases, and it can be said that it plays a more direct role in the formation of students' personality. But first of all, students themselves have a common misunderstanding about the psychological counseling room, thinking that only mental patients will go, which leads to almost all the psychological counseling rooms in universities being idle. At the same time, the school's neglect of the counseling room is more serious. According to the survey, when asked about the solution to frustration, depression and boredom in school, no students choose to go to the psychological counseling room for help! This is really thought-provoking.
Second,? Triangle theory? One of the Vertical Axis ―― The Influence of Personality on Criminal Psychology
Since the establishment of criminal positivism school (also known as modern school or new school), the personality of criminals has been one of the important issues in criminal psychology research. As mentioned above, personality is the sum of tendentious psychological characteristics gradually formed in personal life practice, so personality is a tendentious psychological characteristic. The influence of personality on criminal psychology is mainly reflected by these psychological characteristics, so it is very important to study the psychological characteristics of personality. The psychological characteristics of personality include a person's intelligence, personality, needs, personality tendency, temperament and so on, and its influence on criminal psychology is mainly reflected in:
(1) personality
Personality is characterized by a person's stable attitude towards the real society and his habitual behavior. Personality is generally formed and manifested through interaction with social environment and others. Generally speaking, the evaluation of personality has advantages and disadvantages. A good personality can be praised and admired, and a bad personality can be condemned. Therefore, when people choose how to express their personality, there are generally two situations. One situation is to attach importance to the world's evaluation of their own personality, show a good personality, and play a role in inhibiting the formation of criminal psychology; On the other hand, it shows a bad personality that ignores external evaluation, which provides subjective psychological conditions for criminal behavior.
(2) Need
Necessity is the basis of criminal psychology. When the perpetrator carries out criminal activities, he acts on certain objects in order to meet certain needs. It is under the temptation of this demand that an inner impulse arises, which develops into criminal psychology and finally commits criminal acts. The perpetrator should first commit a crime based on a certain degree of criminal needs. Once this need is realized, it will stimulate people's desire to meet their needs. People must know the objects, means and various subjective and objective conditions to meet their needs. In this way, need becomes the basis of stimulating people to know the objective world and their own psychological activities. For example, thieves first have a strong demand for property, which forces people to think about ways to obtain property. When the reality can't satisfy the formation of some proper ways, this strong demand may produce a criminal psychology of meeting the demand through theft. Others, such as rape psychology is based on the need of sexual satisfaction, all show the influence of need on criminal psychology.
Third,? Triangle theory? The second vertical axis-the influence of environment on criminal psychology
As can be seen from the above description, the environment affects the formation of personality from all aspects, and personality has formed some criminal psychology with its own characteristics. At this time, the influence of environment on criminal psychology is mainly reflected in the causes. On the other hand, the influence of environment on criminal psychology is generally easy to be ignored, which is the inducement of environment. So what is the motive and the inducement?
Personality will produce a concept in the process of forming criminal psychology, that is, criminal personality. Criminal personality refers to the synthesis of unique psychological characteristics that lead to criminal behavior, and it is a serious anti-social personality. There is a close relationship between criminal personality and criminal psychology, and criminal personality will directly lead to some criminal psychology under certain inducing conditions.
According to the survey, 57% of ordinary college students have typical personality. Although typical personality is not equal to criminal personality, it can show that there are a lot of potential criminal personalities among college students. This potential criminal personality can easily lead to criminal psychology under certain conditions, and this condition that directly induces the formation of criminal psychology is the inducement. Incentive mainly refers to the relevant environment. Combined with the criminal cases of college students since this year, the author found that although there are many incentives for the formation of criminal psychology, they are nothing more than these:
(A) bad social atmosphere
Social ethos refers to the habits and styles of the whole or part of society at a certain stage. The formation of criminal psychology induced by social atmosphere is mainly reflected in the negative effects of bad social atmosphere. Although the social atmosphere is a big environment, this bad social atmosphere plays a direct inducing role in the formation of some criminal psychology. There are many bad social atmosphere, such as material supremacy, indifference, ethical confusion, moral dislocation and so on. There are many crimes committed by college students caused by this bad social atmosphere, the most famous of which is the case of Yao Jiaxin. In fact, Yao Jiaxin did not intend to kill anyone after the car accident, but such a bad social atmosphere at that time made him slide down the abyss of sin. He once said that compensation after hitting someone is a bottomless pit, and one-time compensation is only needed by people who have killed them, let alone migrant workers. Difficult? So, in comparison, killing people is more important than hurting people? Simple? ! What a terrible understanding this is, and this understanding was just popular at that time and even now? The truth? . No matter how weak Yao Jiaxin's legal concept is, there is no doubt that such a bad social atmosphere has a great influence on his direct criminal psychology.
(B) the wrong legal awareness
Generally speaking, after long-term education and self-education, college students should have some basic legal knowledge and a basic understanding of what constitutes a crime. However, there are two situations. One is the deviation of legal consciousness: although they know which events constitute crimes, they don't know much about the specific composition. For example, most college students know that raping a young girl is a crime, but they don't know what a young girl is, and their understanding of whether having sex with a voluntary young girl constitutes a crime is wrong. According to the survey, 16.4% college students don't think it's wrong to have sex with a voluntary woman aged 13.
Of course, this is only one aspect of the error of legal consciousness, but we can see the universality of the error of legal consciousness in a subtle way. When college students have a wrong understanding of legal consciousness, it is easy to take action because they don't know that this is a crime. For example, almost all college students know that theft is illegal, and some people may know that reaching a certain amount constitutes a crime, but they don't know much about the specific amount and the situation that repeated theft constitutes a crime. Therefore, in practice, many college students believe that as long as theft is less than a certain amount, it does not constitute a crime, and they will commit crimes frequently and eventually go to jail.
The other is legal misunderstanding: this situation means that they have no idea that their actions constitute a crime. This situation is extremely harmful and will directly induce the formation of criminal psychology. Because when a person is completely unaware of the mistake of behavior, then he has no scruples. Specific cases include Tsinghua University's Liu Haiyang abusing a bear. After being detained, Liu Haiyang said that he had learned basic legal knowledge. Understand civil law, criminal law, etc. I don't know that it is illegal and criminal to hurt a bear. In addition to the moral judgment of this kind of behavior, we should also see the direct induction of the wrong understanding of the law in the formation of its criminal psychology.
(C) anomie of social network environment
Social networks here include not only computer networks, which are typical social networks in current society, but also other social networks such as public opinion media. ? Anomie? It is a sociological concept, and the famous sociologist Durkheim's annotation on anomie is:? A social situation in which quasi-norms are missing, vague or social norms are changeable, so that it is impossible to provide guidance for members of society. ? Social network anomie refers to the emergence of the above social situations caused by social networks. This social network anomie plays an important role in inducing the formation of criminal psychology.
This kind of inducement is first reflected in the fact that the network introduces the ways, means and detection means of crime in too much detail, which easily leads to the firmness of criminal intention; Secondly, the media's excessive concern or discussion of criminal facts quickly forms an atmosphere of public opinion, which directly affects people's thoughts and behaviors, especially for the public opinion formed by criminal news that lacks correct evaluation, which will further strengthen criminal means.
As the main force of network use, the personality formation of contemporary college students is greatly influenced by the network. The network not only brings convenience to college students' study and life, but also provides a hotbed for some college students to breed criminal psychology. Although 78. 13% students questioned the authenticity of media reports, only 36% of these students questioned through relevant channels. This question of inaction has actually evolved into another kind? Trust? This blind trust in media reports will have serious consequences when some improper reports appear. For example, some media exaggerate morality excessively and ignore legal reports, which will make college students' legal awareness weak or even wrong, or when the media introduce criminal means and detection means in too much detail, it will lead to college students' imitation behavior and criminal determination.
The influence of computer network on the formation of criminal psychology is self-evident. Contemporary college students generally rely too much on computer networks, and the number of people who use network learning is very small, only 14% after investigation. As we all know, there is a lot of junk information on the internet, which is very easy to affect college students who don't care about the internet, especially in the formation of criminal psychology.
For example, some yellow information on the internet has a strong stimulating effect on college students in the stage of sexual curiosity. If it is influenced by this stimulus for a long time, it will easily lead to illegal acts such as voyeurism, and further it will easily lead to crimes such as rape. In addition, the powerful search function provided by the network can enable college students to find more hidden criminal means, which will have serious consequences once put into practice. For example, the case of sodium nitrite poisoning in an art school in Guangxi is a typical representative of using the Internet to find tools for committing crimes.
Looking at the full text, we can find that the psychology of college students seems to be mostly in one kind. Sub-health, and this situation can easily lead to the formation of crime under the temptation of related factors, that is, it is a potential crime possibility, and? Triangle theory? It is a comprehensive analysis of this related factor. In order to fundamentally contribute to the prevention and control of college students' crimes, we must first analyze the reasons, then? Triangle theory? The discovery is of great significance. In other words, as long as the causes of the phenomenon itself are analyzed, specific measures are included!
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