Export trade has become an important driving force for China's economic development, which brings serious energy and environmental problems while gaining benefits, which is also a problem that we attach great importance to.

A Brief Analysis of the Preface of the Outline of Import and Export Trade Papers 1

1. Theoretical significance and practical value of this study.

2. Research status at home and abroad

3. Problems to be solved in this paper.

2 Problems in China's export trade

1. Export enterprises lack core technologies and independent brands.

2. Deterioration of terms of trade

3. Convergence of business models, lack of independent marketing channels

4. The import and export trade is seriously unbalanced, and the pressure of RMB appreciation is increasing.

3 Analysis of the impact of China's export trade on economic growth

1. Correlation analysis of the influence of export trade on economic growth

2. Analysis of the contribution of China's import and export trade to economic growth.

4 Measures to expand exports and promote economic growth

1. Cultivate products with independent intellectual property rights and improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.

2. Change the mode of export growth

3. Rectify the operation order of export trade.

4. Adjust the industrial structure, control the export quantity and avoid falling into "poverty growth"

5. Expand foreign direct investment and promote the development of export trade.

6. Vigorously promote the development of private economy.

7. Further promote the international experience of folk research.

5 conclusion

refer to

Express gratitude/gratitude

Further reading

The Significance of China's Foreign Trade Development

With globalization and the development of the world market, in the fierce international trade competition, price competition has been relegated to a secondary position, and commodity quality has gradually become the decisive factor of competition. In this case, it is more and more important to strengthen the quality management of import and export products to promote the healthy and rapid development of China's foreign trade.

1. Product quality problems in China's foreign trade

1. 1 export product quality problems

The Blue Book of National Competitiveness released by China Academy of Social Sciences on 20 10/25/0 shows that China's national competitiveness has steadily improved, and its global ranking has risen from 73rd to17th. On the surface, this result shows that China has made rapid progress, but after analysis, China still wins by quantity in the competition, which is far behind the developed countries such as the United States in quality and needs to be greatly improved.

Although China has become a world trading power, it is far from being a trading power. The fundamental reason lies in the weak competitiveness of product quality and the lack of brands with high technology content, high added value and high international reputation. Data show that labor-intensive products still account for a considerable proportion, about 62.9%, and about 70% of China's industrial standards are still lower than international or foreign advanced standards. In addition, due to the continuous strengthening of foreign technical barriers to trade, developed countries have formulated harsh technical standards to protect their own industries and restrict the import of certain products. For example, the hygienic standard of poultry exported from China to Japan is 500 times higher than the international hygienic standard. Canned mushrooms produced by a domestic enterprise are suspected of not meeting the quarantine requirements, resulting in all canned mushrooms exported to the United States by hundreds of domestic factories being blocked and sealed, resulting in huge losses. In the past trade, many products in China were rejected, blocked and destroyed because they did not meet the strict health and quarantine measures of developed countries, resulting in trade obstacles or huge economic losses.

On the other hand, many products in our country have high unqualified rate in the production process, and the loss of defective products such as rework, repair and scrapping is too high, which leads to high consumption of energy and raw materials at the bottom of the window in industrial production, thus increasing the cost of products and significantly reducing the international competitiveness of products. At the same time, many products have low technical content and their service life can't meet the demand. Such as CNC machine tools, the continuous trouble-free working time (MTBF) abroad is about 80,000 ~ 90,000 hours; However, the MTBF of domestic similar products is only 1 ~ 20000 hours. This is also common in household appliances.

1.2 quality problems of imported products

With the opening of the domestic market, a large number of imported goods flooded into China. However, with the continuous improvement of China's inspection and supervision level of imported goods and consumers' quality awareness, in recent years, the quality problems of imported goods have occurred frequently, covering almost all kinds of goods, posing a serious threat to the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese consumers, such as the following product problems:

In 200 1 year, due to the serious safety and quality hazards of Pajero V3 1 V33 off-road vehicles produced by Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan, the State Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau revoked the safety and quality license of imported goods and prohibited them from importing; In 2006, Mead Johnson GENTLEASE infant formula was found to contain metal particles and was recalled urgently. In 2008, Abbott recalled two batches of infant milk powder with special formula due to poor sealing, which led to the oxidation of milk powder in cans; 20 10, the used mechanical and electrical products imported by local inspection and quarantine bureaus failed the first inspection, involving 764 million US dollars, accounting for18.96% of the total amount; 20 1 1 Due to various product defects, six imported models including Citroen, Porsche, Jaguar and Volvo were recalled in May.

Therefore, in order to ensure the healthy and rapid development of China's foreign trade and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, it is imperative to strengthen the supervision and management of import and export product quality.

2 the connotation of quality management of import and export products

2. 1 Quality management of export products

If China wants to win the initiative in the process of economic globalization, it must strengthen the quality management of export products and establish the strategic consciousness of "winning by quality". The connotation of the strategy of "winning by quality" includes three aspects: first, improving the quality and reputation of export commodities; second, optimizing the structure of export commodities; and third, building brand-name export commodities. To implement the strategy of "winning by quality", we must correctly understand and deal with the relationship between quantity and quality, efficiency and speed, internal quality and appearance quality, sample quality and batch quality, and quality and grade, and organically combine the quality of export commodities with the international market demand.

2.2 Quality management of imported products

For the quality management of imported products, we can make full use of the duality of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), and take various mandatory or non-mandatory technical restrictions such as technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures on the grounds of safeguarding national basic security, safeguarding human health and safety, protecting ecological environment, ensuring product quality and preventing fraud. Among them, entry-exit inspection and quarantine is an important technical barrier measure for the state to safeguard its basic economic rights and security. Entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions, authorized by law, exercise inspection and quarantine functions on behalf of the state, impose compulsory quarantine on all personnel, goods, means of transport, passengers' luggage and postal parcels entering China's borders and ports open to the outside world, and conduct inspection and appraisal management on the quality of import and export commodities.

3. The importance of quality management of import and export products in foreign trade development

3. 1 product quality management is an important task to promote the transformation of economic development mode.

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that the key to achieving the future economic development goals and promoting the sound and rapid development of the national economy is to accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode, vigorously promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, pay more attention to improving the ability of independent innovation, improve the level of energy conservation and environmental protection, and improve the overall economic quality and international competitiveness. In order to meet the above requirements, product quality is the main direction. The quality of import and export products directly affects the development of China's foreign trade, and then affects the quality of China's economic operation. Under the current economic situation, the quality of economic growth and product quality are related to the sustainability of China's economic development, the vital interests of the people and the national image. The more efforts are made to maintain growth, the more attention should be paid to quality and efficiency. The Premier pointed out that to change the mode of economic development, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen quality management and adhere to the strategy of market diversification and winning by quality. This fully shows that strengthening product quality management is an important task to promote the transformation of economic development mode.

3.2 Product quality management is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China's export products.

The international competitiveness of a country's export products is mainly determined by its relative price and product advantages with its trading partners. The former is that the price of export products is lower than the competitive advantage of competitors, and the latter is that a country's export products can meet the needs of consumers better than competitors' related products, both of which are related to product quality to varying degrees. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the international competitiveness of China's export products and obtain higher foreign trade economic benefits.

3.3 Product quality management is the key way to break technical barriers to trade and achieve high-quality growth of foreign trade.

With the acceleration of global economic integration and trade liberalization, technical barriers to trade, represented by quality and environmental protection, have become the main factors restricting China enterprises from entering the international market. The survey shows that in recent years, the influence of foreign technical trade measures on China's export enterprises is on the rise, and many large domestic enterprises lack core competitiveness and have weak risk control ability, which are typical speed economy enterprises. There are serious structural problems in China's export: few independent intellectual property rights and free brands, many low-end products and lack of core competitiveness. Practice has proved that the impact of the international financial crisis on China's industry is ostensibly an impact on the industrial growth rate, but in essence an impact on the development mode. Therefore, there is no room for extensive growth in China, and product quality management is the key for enterprises to go global.

3.4 Product quality management is an effective guarantee to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and normal trade order in China.

With China's reform and opening up, the continuous development of national economy and the continuous expansion of foreign trade, entry-exit inspection and quarantine has played an active role in ensuring the smooth development of national economy, ensuring the production safety of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and people's health, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of all parties in foreign trade and the normal international economic and trade order, and promoting the development of foreign trade. The official inspection, quarantine, supervision and certification of export products or China production and processing enterprises by China inspection and quarantine institutions is the guarantee to break through the technical barriers of foreign trade, obtain the qualification of foreign market access, and make China products pass customs smoothly abroad; Strengthening the inspection of imported goods is to ensure domestic production safety and people's health and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the country's foreign trade.

4. Measures to strengthen the quality management of import and export products

4. 1 Promoting the quality of export products with scientific and technological progress

To realize the transformation from comparative advantage to competitive advantage, the fundamental way out lies in accelerating scientific and technological progress and giving full play to the key role of science and technology in improving product quality. First of all, we should strengthen the research and development of high-tech products, make scientific and technological achievements commercialized and industrialized as soon as possible, and form comprehensive advantages in international competition; Secondly, keep up with international advanced technology, improve production efficiency by introducing advanced technology and equipment, continuously improve the non-price competitiveness of our products in the world, and truly realize the transformation from "winning by quantity" to "winning by quality".

4.2 Appropriate response and rational use of technical barriers to trade

In order to deal with technical barriers to trade, we should actively carry out international certification, encourage enterprises to obtain ISO9000 quality management system certification and ISO 14000 environmental management system certification, and strengthen mutual certification consultation and negotiation with other member countries according to WTO requirements. On the other hand, we should make full use of the duality of technical barriers to trade and learn from the technical barriers to trade adopted by various countries to build China's trade protection system. Through the implementation of technical trade measures, foreign goods that do not meet the relevant domestic standards will be restricted from entering the domestic market, thus standardizing China's import and export market and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese consumers.

4.3 the implementation of brand strategy

Encourage enterprises to create famous brands, rely on scientific and technological progress, adhere to the high-tech starting point, develop new products with the import and export of international advanced technologies as the goal, constantly adopt new technologies, new processes and new materials, and strengthen advertising in domestic and foreign markets. The government should implement brand protection through legal, economic, administrative and other macro-management means, form a good external environment for enterprises to create famous brands, cultivate more "Made in China and World Famous Brands", and promote China's economy.

4.4 Strengthen the quality supervision of import and export products

Entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments should strengthen the compulsory inspection of the quality of important export commodities through on-site supervision, production process control, enterprise filing, qualification examination, laboratory inspection and technical guidance, so as to ensure that the quality of export products meets the requirements of relevant technical standards of importing countries, thereby improving the quality of our products, improving the competitiveness of the international market, expanding exports and reducing international trade disputes caused by quality problems. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the quality inspection of imported products, pay attention to the dynamic information of foreign product problems in real time, scientifically use risk assessment methods, strengthen the supervision of imported enterprises, prevent imported products from shoddy, trade in old ones, take less risks, adulterate and make fakes, and strictly supervise and crack down on the quality of imported goods.

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