In natural science courses in primary schools, bean seeds are often used as materials to observe plant germination, but due to different environmental factors, seed germination is not always good. Therefore, we decided to explore what kind of environment will improve the germination rate of seeds.
The seeds we choose to use this time are the seeds commonly used in primary school curriculum-red beans, mung beans, soybeans, black beans and flower beans. According to the experimental materials and operating environment that primary school students can easily obtain, several different environmental factors that may be faced are compared and discussed, in order to find ways to improve the germination rate of seeds through this scientific inquiry activity, so as to facilitate the experiments of such natural science related units.
Second, the purpose of the study:
1. Explore the effect of low temperature on soybean seed germination.
Secondly, to explore whether light will affect the germination of bean seeds.
Thirdly, the effects of different materials on seed germination were discussed.
Fourthly, compare the relationship between seed soaking time and germination rate before the test.
5. Test whether replacing water with different concentrations of glucose solution will accelerate the germination of seeds.
Ginseng and experimental equipment
First, 500 red beans, mung beans, soybeans, black beans and flower beans.
Second, a bucket.
Thirty or fifty plastic Petri dishes.
Fourth, the measuring cylinder.
Five, ten beakers.
Six or five plastic droppers.
Seven or five glass rods.
Eight or five rulers.
Nine or four boxes of absorbent cotton.
Ten, the refrigerator.
1 1, 100 candlelight bulbs.
Twelve, a pack of toilet paper.
Thirteen, a box of tissues.
Fourteen, a pack of diapers.
Fifteen, a box of cotton pads.
Sixteen, glucose.
Seventeen, Libra.
Fourth, the experimental steps
1. Will low temperature affect bean seed germination?
(1) Put 20 seeds of each of the five seeds into a plastic Petri dish covered with absorbent cotton, and add15ml of water.
(2) putting the culture dish into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator; The other group was placed at room temperature as the control group.
(3) Water 15ml at 8: 00 every morning, and record its daily growth height.
(4) Repeat the above steps for 5 times, record the results and average.
Second, whether light will affect the germination of bean seeds:
(1) Put 20 seeds of each of the five seeds into a plastic Petri dish covered with absorbent cotton, with water 15ml, and put the Petri dish one meter below the 100 candlelight bulb.
(2) Take 20 seeds of five kinds, put them in a plastic Petri dish covered with absorbent cotton, water 15ml, and put the Petri dish in a hidden drawer.
(3) Water 15ml at 8: 00 every morning, and record its daily growth height.
(4) Repeat the above steps for 5 times, record the results and average.
Third, the effects of different materials on seed germination:
(1) Take five plastic cultures, put five different materials such as toilet paper, absorbent cotton, facial tissue, diapers and cotton pads into a Petri dish, and add 15 ml of water; In addition, 10 mung beans were put on each material.
(2) Repeat the step of 1. The seeds were changed into red beans, soybeans, black beans and flower beans, and five groups of experiments were carried out at the same time.
(3) Add 15ml water at 8: 00 every morning and record its daily growth length.
(4) Repeat the above steps 1. ~3.5 times, record the results and average.
Fourth, the relationship between soaking time and germination rate:
(1) Before the experiment 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 hours, 20 seeds of five kinds of beans were soaked in water, and then 20 seeds were taken without soaking.
(2) Put the seeds into a plastic Petri dish covered with absorbent cotton and water 15ml at the same time.
(3) Water 15ml at 8: 00 every morning, and record its daily growth height.
(4) Repeat the above steps for 5 times, record the results and average.
5. Effect of different concentrations of glucose solution on seed germination rate;
(1) Prepare glucose solutions with different concentrations of 1000ml, which are 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% respectively.
(2) Place 20 seeds of 5 seeds in a plastic Petri dish covered with absorbent cotton, and pour 15ml glucose solution with different concentrations.
(3) At 8: 00 every morning, the glucose solution with the concentration of 15ml was infused, and the daily growth height was recorded.
(4) Repeat the above steps for 5 times, record the results and average.
Verb (short for verb) Result:
1. From the data of temperature factor experiment, it can be found that the low temperature of refrigerator has a considerable influence on the germination speed of these five seeds, so the low temperature slows down the germination speed of seeds.
The following are data and line graphs of temperature and seed germination rate. (Unit: cm)
(1) red beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 000 000 0.0 1 0.02 in the refrigerator
At room temperature 00000.0140.150.252
(2) Mung beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 0.03 0.04 0.07 in the refrigerator
At room temperature, 0.030.140.260.31.450.490.65.
(3) Soybean
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
In the fridge.
At room temperature 0 0 0 0.0 1 0.068 0.25 0.39
4. Black beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0000000 0.0 15 is in the refrigerator.
At room temperature, 0000.080.1150.30.54
5. Flower beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
In the fridge.
At room temperature 00000.075 0.108 0.215.
Secondly, from the results of light factor experiment, it can be found that the presence or absence of light has no obvious effect on seed germination; But it will obviously affect the growth of new buds, and it will make new buds grow faster in the dark environment.
The following is the data and line chart of the effect of light on seed germination rate. (Unit: cm)
(1) red beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 0 0 0.02 0.225 0.43 0.62 in the dark
0000 0.0180.145 0.25 0.352 under the light bulb.
(2) Mung beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0.1.25 0.58 0.831.251.98 3.24 in the dark.
Under the light bulb 0.080.160.240.410.5210.680.83
(3) Soybean
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
In the dark 0 00.010.120.36 0.681.45
Under the bulb 0 000 0.040.150.410.52
(4) Black beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 0 0 0.08 0.36 0.58 0.73 in the dark
Under the bulb 0 000.05 0.110.24 0.32
(5). Flower beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 0 0 0.06 0.24 0.33 0.47 in the dark
Under the bulb 0 000 0.025 0.11kloc-0/0 21.
Thirdly, through the experiment of material factors, we can know that the experiment with absorbent cotton is the best, followed by toilet paper, toilet paper and cotton pad, and diapers are the worst.
The following are the data and line graphs of seed germination rate of different materials. (Unit: cm)
(1) red beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
Toilet paper 0 0 0 0 0.04 0. 17 0.2 0.25
Absorbent cotton 0 00.075 0.25 0.28 0.325
Tissue paper 0 000 0.035 0.1.56 0.180.23
Cotton pad 0 000.028 0.143 0.167 0.2
Diaper 0 000 0.0120.140.158 0.188.
(2) Mung beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0.01.1.1.1.7 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.41
Absorbent cotton 0.1.20.28 0.39 0.43 0.56 0.86
Tissue paper 00.110.150.210.25 0.28 0.35
Cotton pad 00.10.130.170.190.23 0.29
Diaper 0 00.07 0.110170.210 26.
(3) Soybean
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
Toilet paper 00.0160.080.140.2130.255 0.383
Absorbent cotton 0 0.048 0.1.44 0.46 0.488 0.492 0.68
Tissue paper 0 0.007 0.010.160.1240.150.156.
Cotton pad 0 000 0.108 0.120.160.18
Diaper 00000.05 0.090.10.12
(4) Black beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
Toilet paper 0 00.09 0.140.25 0.310.53
Absorbent cotton 00.120.130.240.420.430.67
Tissue paper 0 00.040.120.160.180.38
Cotton pad 0 000.10.130.170.33
Diaper 00000.03 0.050.10.19
(5). Flower beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
Toilet paper 000000.010.020.17
Absorbent cotton 0 000 0 07 0.24
Tissue paper 0 000 0 050.1
Cotton pad 00000000.1
Diapers 00000000.17
4. According to the experiment of soaking time, the longest soaking time of "16 hours" can make the seeds germinate fastest.
The following is the evidence and line diagram of seed soaking time and seed germination speed. (Unit: cm)
(1) red beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 hours 000.0310.16 0.24 0.256 0.35
0.5 hour 000.028 0.125 0.18 0.245 0.34
1 hour 0 0 0 0.05 0.095 0.22 0.28 0.38
2 hours 000.07 0.110.26 0.38 0.53
4 hours 0. 1.27 0.49 0.438+0.77
8 hours 0 0.050.1.65 0.57 0.82 0.89 0.97
16 hours 00.08 0.24 0.66 0.93 0.991.11
(2) Mung beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 hour 00.210.540.7 0.871.081.21.
0.5 hour 0.180.51.820.951.16
1 hour 0.09 0.39 0.881.21.581.82 2.56
2 hours 0.065 0.51.071.681.88 2.46 2.85
4 hours 0.25 0.951.351.95 2.65 2.98 3.6
8 hours 0.38 0.861.4 2.3 2.58 3.45 3.8
16h 0.421.021.52 2.72 3.68 4.1
(3) Soybean
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 hour 000000.07 0.090.11
0.5 hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.08
1 hour 0 0 0 0 0 0.076 0.09 0. 128
2 hours 0 000 0.02 0.062 0.120.186
4 hours 0 0 0 0.09 0.2 1 0.28 0.33
8 hours 000.050.130.18 0.28 0.3
16 hours 0 0 0 0. 1 0.23 0.35 0.38
(4) Black beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 hour 0000 0.0/kloc-0 0.060.23 0.29
0.5 hour 0 0 0 0.08 0. 12 0.33 0.47
1 hour 0 0 0 0.06 0.2 1 0.29 0.43
2 hours 0000 0.120.190.350.48
4 hours 0 0 0 0.2 1 0.39 0.75 0.99
8 hours 0000.43 0.651.181.75
16 hours 000.11.39 0.731.261.8
(5). Flower beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0 hour 00000 0. 1 0. 18 0.29
0.5 hours 0 000 0.25 0.27
1 hour 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.28 0.33
2 hours 00000 0. 1 0.340.55
4 hours 000.0 1.07 0.27 0.620.88
8 hours 0000 0.16 0.48 0.781.13
16 hours 000.06 0.21.54 0.771.08
5. From the results of the seventh day, it can be found that when the glucose concentration is 0%, the germination speed will be the fastest, that is, the higher the glucose concentration, the slower the germination.
The following are data and line graphs of different concentrations of glucose solution and germination rate. (Unit: cm)
(1) red beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0% 0 0 0 0.08 0. 1 0.4 0.56
1% 0 0 0 0 0. 1 0. 12 0.3 1
2% 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.23
4% 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 0.08
8% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1
16% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(2) Mung beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0% 0.03 0. 14 0.25 0.28 0.35 0.54 0.78
1% 0.05 1 0. 175 0. 199 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.65
2% 0 0.065 0. 12 0. 135 0. 16 0. 187 0.275
4% 0 0 0.05 0.05 1 0.054 0.067 0. 105
8% 0 0 0.03 0.095 0. 125 0. 145 0. 182
16% 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.023
(3) Soybean
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0% 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 0. 15 0. 19
1% 0 0 0 0 0.0 15 0. 1 0. 13
2% 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 0.03
4% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1
8% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(4) Black beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0% 0 0 0.0 1 0.05 0.095 0. 15 0.34 1
1% 0 0 0 0.0 1 1 0.02 0. 12 0.25
2% 0 0 0 0.0 12 0.025 0. 1 1 0. 17
4% 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.028
8% 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1 0.032
16% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1
(5). Flower beans
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six and day seven.
0% 0 0 0 0.08 0. 125 0.375 0.796
1% 0 0 0 0 0.056 0.23 0.575
2% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1
4% 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.056
8% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land and discussion:
1. Experiment 4 shows that the seeds need to germinate at a suitable temperature, and the low temperature in the refrigerator will seriously slow down the germination and growth of seeds.
2. Experiment 5 shows that no matter what the light intensity is, it has little effect on the germination of seeds at first, and then the seeds placed in the dark environment grow faster, and the growth parts are softer and whiter; The seeds under the bulb are hard and green, which should be because the dark light causes the plants to grow white and will affect the health of the plants.
3. From the experimental results, we can know that the seeds made of absorbent cotton germinate faster, because the main factor affecting seed germination is the amount of water, and the fibers of absorbent cotton in the material are loose, so the seeds are more likely to contact with water; On the contrary, although other materials have good water absorption capacity, they make it difficult for seeds to contact with water, especially diapers with excellent water absorption capacity, which make it relatively difficult for seeds to obtain water, so germination is slow.
4. According to the experimental results, the soaking time before sowing will affect the germination speed of seeds. Generally speaking, the longer the soaking time, the faster the seeds germinate. This may be because soaking in water broke the seed coat and made the water inside the seed germinate. From this experiment, we can know that different seeds need different soaking time, and some, such as mung beans, only need a short time, so the germination rate of soaking in water is not much faster than that of not soaking. However, some seeds need a long soaking time, so seeds that are not soaked or soaked for a short time germinate slowly. As for whether seeds will not germinate because they are soaked in water for too long, soaking in water for 16 hour is the fastest in this experiment, so whether it is like this problem needs to be tested.
5. According to the results of experiment 3, the glucose solution did not obviously accelerate the germination rate of seeds. The experimental results show that the germination rate of 0% glucose solution (that is, water) is generally faster than that of different concentrations of glucose solution, mainly because the high concentration of aqueous solution is not easy to break the seed coat, thus slowing down the germination rate. Moreover, for the easily moldy seeds like soybean, glucose solution will make the moldy situation more serious and slow down the germination rate.
Defendant: Jack forever-the first level of probation12-1619: 30.
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Panicum miliaceum of Leguminosae Bean. A bean crop with the functions of grain, vegetable and green manure. Chromosome number 2n=22. Native to India and Myanmar. Some scholars believe that China is its origin. It is mainly distributed in China, followed by Indian, Iranian and Southeast Asian countries, with a small amount of cultivation in Africa, Europe and America. The main producing areas in China are concentrated in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins. Jiangsu, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guizhou and other provinces followed closely.
The taproot is underdeveloped and the lateral root is slender. The stem height is 30 ~ 100 cm, and there are three types: erect, semi-rattan and creeping. The whole plant is covered with fluff. Unearthed cotyledons, 2 primary leaves, broadly lanceolate. Trifoliate compound leaves, leaflets entire or lobed. There are several irises at the top of the pedicel, which are yellow. Generally, there are 3 ~ 4 pods. Mature pods are black or brown, slender, cylindrical and short-haired. The seeds are green, yellow, brown and black, and the seed coat is shiny (bright green) and dull.
Mung beans are short-day crops, but the general varieties are not sensitive to light. The germination temperature is 8 ~ 65438 00℃. The growth period is short, 60 ~ 90 days. High temperature is needed in the growing period, and sunny and dry weather is needed in the pod-setting period. Close flowers and pollinate. Drought-resistant, barren and waterlogging-resistant, neutral calcareous alluvial soil and loam soil are suitable, but also slightly acidic and alkaline soil.
Mung beans can be planted from temperate zone to tropical zone. Can be monocropped, often intercropped or interplanted with corn, sorghum, millet, sweet potato and cotton. The sowing period is long, and it can be sown in spring and summer. Spring sowing in northern China is from late April to May, and summer sowing is from June to July. Spring sowing in the south is from March to April, and summer sowing is from June to August. The growth period is about 90 days. Multi-thread drill or hole drill. Bad environmental conditions tend to produce hard fruit with thick skin, poor water absorption and difficult germination, and its hard fruit rate is slightly higher than other edible beans. You can wear the seed coat a little before sowing to improve the germination rate. The sowing amount depends on the cultivation method. Single cropping per mu 1.5 ~ 2 kg can be reduced appropriately when intercropping and interplanting. If there is enough phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and appropriate amount of water at the flowering and pod-setting stage, the yield can be significantly increased. The maturity of pods is inconsistent, and it can be harvested many times in a small area. Planting in a large area, harvesting when more than two-thirds of pods turn black or brown. Seeds have no dormancy period, so they should be harvested in time after maturity to avoid germination in the rain. The main diseases are leaf spot and powdery mildew. The main pest is mung bean elephant, which is very harmful. It must be dried immediately after harvest and fumigated with chemicals.
Mung bean contains about 23% protein and abundant vitamin B, which has high nutritional value. They can be used as staple food and cakes, and can also be made into bean paste or processed into vermicelli and other foods and wine making. High-quality Longkou vermicelli and Qu liquor "Bright Green Liquid" take mung beans as raw materials. Mung bean sprouts are rich in vitamins C and P and are high-quality vegetables. The branches and leaves are luxuriant and perishable, which can be used as excellent green manure. Fruit, flower and seed coat can all be used as medicine. Oral administration can clear away heat and toxic materials, and external application can treat sores and injuries.