Refine your research questions (not to test whether there is any difference) and discuss them in a clear theoretical framework. This is called conceptualization. Based on the existing related research, we often have some assumptions about our research problems. Usually, empirical research tests hypotheses. \x0d\ The key point here is that the expected hypothesis is not a guess in your imagination, but can be "analyzed" or "inferred" according to relevant theories and other people's research, that is, there needs to be some theoretical foreshadowing, and what you want to elaborate is the logic of your analysis or inference. This analysis cannot be based on your assumptions or common sense. \x0d\ You did mention the frame theory, but that's just a name or introduction of the theory, just your general analysis method. You should also be specific according to the frame theory, that is, when a country or a media reports something, it usually has a specific frame. What are the significant factors that affect the formation of this frame? Only through theoretical analysis and literature review, it is found that different countries (such as China and the United States) have different factors affecting the reporting framework of their news media, can you make the assumption that the reporting framework of the two countries' media may be different. Then, you can test this hypothesis by analyzing the content of specific media reports. \x0d\ Many students think that in their own papers or research plans, as long as a single theory is introduced, there will be a theoretical framework, but it is not. The key to the application of any theoretical framework is to apply the reasoning logic behind this theory (the so-called theory is the statement that two or more phenomena have a certain relationship). Therefore, we should put the main aspects involved in the theory into our own research context for specific application, including concept definition and operation definition.