The origin of the anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War on September 3.
1On July 7th, 937, the Japanese invaders created the July 7th Lugouqiao Incident near Lugouqiao in the southwest suburb of Beiping. The Lugouqiao Incident was the beginning of the Japanese full-scale war of aggression against China, and it was also the starting point of China's national war of resistance. The war lasted for eight years.
On August 1945 and 14, Japan noticed that China, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain accepted the Potsdam Proclamation. /kloc-in August of 0/5, Emperor Hirohito of Japan officially announced Japan's unconditional surrender by broadcasting "imperial edict".
On August 2 1945 and 2 1 day, Takeo Imai, the Japanese surrender representative and deputy chief of staff of the Japanese army in China, came to hold talks with Commander-in-Chief He of the Chinese Army and relevant personnel of the US military. On September 2, the Japanese representative signed the surrender on the Missouri in Tokyo Bay. At that time, the national government ordered the national celebration for three days the next day, and from 1946, September 3 was regarded as the anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
At the end of 1949, August of 15 was the anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC). 195 1 13 in August, the State Council issued a notice, stipulating that September 3rd was the anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and rescheduling the annual "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day" to September 3rd.
1999 Decree No.270 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (1949, 1949, released in the State Council on February 23rd, 1999, revised and released in the State Council on September 8th) issued commemorative days related to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, including the July 7th War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Day. This is the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Day determined by the China Municipal Government in the form of laws and regulations.
Why is the anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War September 3rd?
Japan declared its unconditional surrender.
1On July 26th, 945, China, the United States and Britain issued the Potsdam Proclamation of Japan's Surrender, referred to as Potsdam Proclamation or Potsdam Declaration (the Soviet Union's accession proclamation). On August 5th 12, Emperor Hirohito of Japan announced Japan's unconditional surrender to the people through radio.
At the same time, after consultations between the governments of China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, it was agreed to broadcast a radio announcement in three languages, namely, Chinese, English and Russian, to the enemies on the battlefield, our army, navy and air force and other countries in the world at 7: 00 am (Chongqing time) on August 1945: The Japanese government has broadcast a unanimous announcement.
1945 Published by Xinhua Daily:
1945 at 7: 00 pm on August (7: 00 am Chongqing time on August 15), US President Truman held a press conference and announced that (the Japanese government) fully accepted the Postan Proclamation, that is, Japan surrendered unconditionally. We are now preparing to sign the surrender as soon as possible. General MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of the allied forces who accepted Japan's surrender. Both Britain and the Soviet Union will send senior generals to participate, and the armed forces of the Allies have been ordered to stop taking offensive actions. When the surrender is officially signed, the Anti-Japanese Victory Day will be announced.
That is to say, in August of 15, Japan officially announced its unconditional surrender, but it did not legally complete all the formalities and did not conduct a surrender ceremony, so this day only announced the temporary end of the war.
September 2-Japan signs surrender.
After Japan announced its surrender, all parties urged Japan to complete the surrender ceremony at the legal level. Under great pressure, the Japanese government decided to sign the surrender on September 2.
MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces, accepted the Japanese surrender on behalf of the Allied Forces, and China was represented by Xu Yongchang, then Minister of Military Affairs of the National Government. The place where Japan surrendered this time was not in Japanese territory, but in Japanese territorial waters near Tokyo Bay, Japan. The surrender ceremony was held on the USS Missouri, and the time is scheduled to start at 9: 02 am on September 2. The Japanese government is represented by Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru, and the Japanese military is represented by Army Chief of Staff Umezu Yoshijiro.
According to records, MacArthur used six pens at the surrender ceremony. The first and second pens were given to his comrades-in-arms, and the other four pens were given to the National Archives, West Point Military Academy, Naval Academy and his wife. One of the surrender documents signed by Japan to the Allies is now kept in the National Archives of the United States.
On September 3rd, 1945, Xinhua Daily published:
The Japanese surrender was signed on the USS Missouri at 10: 30 on the morning of September 2. The key points of surrender are as follows: 1. We accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration on behalf of the government and the imperial fortress. 2. We announced to the Allies that all the troops in the Japanese Imperial Base Camp and all the armed forces under Japanese control surrendered unconditionally, no matter where they were. 3. We ordered all Japanese troops and Japanese people to stop hostilities, take care of all ships, planes, military and civilian property and avoid losses, and obey all requirements that may be put forward by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers or by Japanese government agencies under the instruction of the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Powers. Fourth, we ordered the Japanese base camp to immediately order all Japanese commanders and commanders of all troops under Japanese control to surrender unconditionally and all the troops under their jurisdiction to surrender. 5. We ordered all civilian officials, army, navy and officers to observe and carry out all announcements, orders and instructions deemed necessary by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces to make surrender effective. We instructed all these officials to stick to their posts and continue to perform non-combat tasks; However, the exception is that the supreme commander of the allied countries or the supreme commander under his order was specially relieved of his post. 6. We are responsible for implementing the Potsdam Clause for the Japanese government and its successor, Asia and China, issuing any orders required by the supreme commander of the allied countries or any other representatives designated by the allied countries to make the Potsdam Declaration come into effect, and taking any actions they need to achieve the purpose of the above projects. 7. We ordered the Japanese Imperial Government and Imperial Base Camp to immediately release all allied prisoners of war and allied detainees under Japanese control, give them protection, care and supplies, and immediately transfer them to designated places. Eight, the power of the emperor and the Japanese government to govern the country should be subordinate to the supreme commander of the allied countries, and the commander-in-chief will take the steps he thinks necessary to implement these surrender conditions.
After Japan signed the surrender, it came into effect on September 3. At this point, Japan's surrender was truly confirmed in the legal sense, which also marked the complete end of the Second World War and the victory of the world anti-fascist war. 1September 3, 945, the news of victory came and the whole country rejoiced. The national government declared a national holiday and raised the national flag to celebrate. The commemoration lasted for three days.
On September 3rd, Xinhua Daily published an inscription by Comrade Mao Zedong: "Celebrate the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and long live the liberation of the Chinese nation!"
Since then, the surrender ceremony has been held in China. 1945 At 9: 00 am on September 9, the signing ceremony of Japanese invaders surrendering to China Theater was held in the auditorium of the former Central Military Academy. Okamura Ningji signed the surrender letter on behalf of the Japanese invaders, and Kobayashi Kenzaburo gave it to He. Thus ended the history of Japan's invasion of China, leaving a historic scene.
September 3rd-War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, 1946, at that time, the National Government had stipulated September 3rd as a memorial day.
1946 record:
In February of the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946), the Anhui provincial government decreed that September 3, the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945) was the end date of the war.
1On July 5, 946, the Executive Committee of Wuhu County, Anhui Province of the Kuomintang recorded in the telegram of the Central Executive Committee: "Now that the Anti-Japanese War has been won, September 3 is the day when the enemy signed the surrender, which should be designated as the national mourning day, and at the same time, it should be dedicated to the martyrs and comfort the survivors."
After the founding of New China, on August 195 1, 13, the Administration Bureau of the Central People's Government issued the Notice on Determining September 3rd as War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day.
The Notice states:
1949 and 15 used to be the anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory in the national unified holiday and memorial day method announced by our hospital on February 23rd. Japan surrendered after the Japanese government signed the surrender treaty on September 2, 1945. Therefore, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day should be changed to September 3rd.
20 14 on February 27th, the 7th session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to designate September 3rd as the Victory Day in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. This decision is the first time to determine the anniversary of China people's victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression by legislation, which reflects the will of the people of China.