What is "Fa Tie Sanxi Hall"?

Is there Ou Yangxun's Inscription of Liquan in Jiucheng Palace in Fa Tie Sanxi Hall?

Carved pillars in the court of Qing Dynasty in China. Carved in the 12th year of Qianlong (1747). Ming Taizu ordered Shang Shuliang, Shang Jiangpu and others in the official department to select the essence from the calligraphy works collected in the imperial palace in the past dynasties, which were carved by, Koukou and Jiao Lin respectively. Calligraphy posts are divided into 32 volumes, with more than 500 carved stones, and more than 300 calligraphy works by 35 calligraphers from Wei, Jin and late Ming dynasties/KLOC-0 have been collected. Because there were three rare books in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which were regarded as Mo Bao by Emperor Qianlong at that time, namely Wang Xizhi's Quick Snow Clear Post, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Xie Wang's.

What are the three rare treasures collected by Sanxi Hall?

"Sanxi Hall" is located in hall of mental cultivation West Warm Pavilion of the Palace Museum. It is the study of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong was knowledgeable and good at poetry, especially calligraphy. Gan Long searched for famous stickers all over the country many times. He put Wang Xizhi's Quick Snow Sticker, Wang Xun's Yuan Bo Sticker and Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Sticker in his study as three rare treasures, and named his study "Sanxi Hall".

Wang Xizhi's "Looking at the Fast Snow" has four lines and 28 characters, which is Wang Xizhi's work after forty years old. At that time, it was just a handwritten note, named after the words "eyes looking at the snow" in the post. This post is free and easy with a pen, and the font is Shu Lang. It is a famous article in Wang Ti's running script. Later generations said that "Yue Long Mountain Gate, Tiger Lying in the Wind Pavilion".

Wang Xun's Yuan Bo Tie has six lines and 47 words, which is a typical running script of Jin Dynasty. Its content is narrative, and the name of the post comes from the word "Yuan Bo" in the first sentence of the post. The pen of "Yuan Bo Post", dancing and dancing, is an excellent cursive work.

Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Festival post, full text * * * 22 words and four lines. Wang Xianzhi is the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, and his calligraphy is influenced by his father. He further sublimated and refined Wang Tixing's brushwork. This post is close to cursive script, and Wang Xianzhi's pen is like flowing water, reflecting each other, and the handling of fonts is perfect. This post is his work after the age of 50, and it is a handwritten note. Wang Xizhi was honored as a "book saint" and Wang Xianzhi was called a "little saint".

What are "Three Songs and Two Applications" and "Taige Style"?

Three Song and Two Shen and "Taige Style"

In the early Ming Dynasty, "Three Songs and Two Shens" were the most famous calligraphers, who formed the so-called "Taige Style" calligraphy in the Ming Dynasty. This paper also makes some introductions.

The so-called Three Songs refers to Song Ke, Song Cong and Song Guang. All three are good at books, but not one. They are all surnamed Song.

Song Ke (1327- 1387) was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou). Zhao Meng, a beginner in calligraphy, caught up with the two kings, Jin and Tang Dynasties, and traced back to the study of chapter cursive script in Han Dynasty. He can write regular script, especially cursive script. The regular script works handed down from generation to generation include Seven Episodes of All Wrong Records and Thirteen Records of Lanting in Zhao Ziang. Quoted from the clock-chasing king Zhao, it is leisurely and quiet, simple and vigorous. Therefore, Yang Shen, who was contemporary with him, said: "Dangke is the first calligraphy of Guozhen, and the book" Seven Ji Tie "is really the best." Du Mu also said that his regular script "is better than the world after learning from the clock."

Song Ke has a soft spot for Zhang Caoshu. His "Zhang Cao Shu" was studied by Huang Xiang and Suo Jing, which is a profound skill. Look at the "urgent chapter" written by him. It is as old as the "urgent chapter" written by the emperor. Amin Wang Shizhen once said, "Cao Zhang is the second queen, second only to Xiao Ziyun. Not only Yan, Liu, Su and Mi, but also Zhao Wuji have voices that deny the contemporary era, and they are not the same. Huang Changrui studied it specially, and there was no other way. At the beginning of the country, the temperature was moderate, but the wave risk was too high and the tendon distance flooded, which became a warning. And look at Wen Zhong's "urgent chapter", the meaning is pure and beautiful. I thought that after I was punished, I was embarrassed, and then I occasionally looked at the stone statue of the emperor. The size of the model and the lack of both sides are the same, but the waves are small and different. Is this also a medium temperature? " ("Yi Yuan Yan") It can be seen that he is skilled in writing ancient posts. In fact, there are several kinds of books written by Song, some of which are deliberately copied from the ancients, and some have their own characteristics. For example, Urgent Chapter written in his later years is characterized by smooth brushwork, loose structure and great danger.

Cursive calligraphy represented by Tang and Song poems, as well as Liu's banquet poems and Du Fu's Zhuang You poems. These cursive scripts often combine the writing styles of Cao Zhang, Cao Jin and Kuangcao, trying to create their own cursive scripts. Because of his profound knowledge in learning ancient calligraphy and his Ren Xia spirit, it is quite appropriate for predecessors to evaluate his cursive script "If it is like a cursive script of 90,000 strong, it needs to be shaken by war" (Jie Jin dialect in Ming Dynasty).

Two other calligraphers in the early Ming Dynasty, Song Cong and Song Guang, were not as successful as Song Ke, but they were also quite famous. Song Yan (1344- 1380) was born in Pujiang, Zhejiang. He is Song Lian's second son, and his father trained him to be a calligrapher in China. Later, he was collectively punished and put to death for the crime of his brother Song Shen. He died at the age of 37. Song cong was born in an official family, and naturally loved calligraphy, so it was easier to get married than ordinary people. He is a beginner in seal script, but he got his own style from Li Si and Li. The predecessors rated his seal script as "the first in the country". His cursive script directly inherited Zhao Meng and Kang Lizi Mountain in Yuan Dynasty, and can be traced back to Jin and Tang Dynasties. It's beautifully written and unique. Li Dongyang commented that his cursive script "the change in and out is not the main reason, unlike those who stick to the rules, it is really the hero of calligraphy." However, due to his life experience and fashion, it is decided that although his calligraphy creation can show his talent, it is impossible to write momentum. And because he died forever, his calligraphy art has not yet developed to a higher level.

Born in Chang, Nanyang, Henan. He used to be a comrade in Mianyang. Song Guangshan cursive script "Ming history? Wen Yuan's biography says that his cursive script can be compared with Song Ke's, but his works are rarely passed down from generation to generation. Most of the works he can see belong to the charming category of mature women, with a low temperament and a habit of affectation. Xiang Mu's "Collection of Words Beyond Words" said: "Guang, Song and Yu are all famous for their good books, and they are collectively called the Three Songs. But critics say that the book of light is not as good as the Song Dynasty, and its Lian Bi is not ancient. "

Generally speaking, under the atmosphere of advocating the beauty and charm of calligraphy at that time, the calligraphy of the "Trilogy" in the early Ming Dynasty was more conservative than innovative. In order to please the world, I can't jump out of the wall of Zhao Meng's calligraphy art and wait for it. This beginning set the tone for the calligraphy law of the whole Ming Dynasty, and the following "Er Shen" can be said to be the singer of the Trilogy.

"Refers to and shen charm brothers. Both of them are famous for their calligraphy, which is determined by special conditions. Ershen lived in the reign of the Ming emperor Judy, and he was also an emperor who was particularly interested in calligraphy. He once ordered the recruitment of scholars from all over the world to join the Hanlin Academy as calligraphers in China, copying proclamations and laws. Twenty-eight people were selected from them to write books. At the same time, take out the ancient celebrity calligraphy books hidden in the secret room for these good writers to copy and learn. "Er Shen" is a calligrapher who appeared in this situation.

Shen Du (1357- 1434) was born in Huating, Songjiang. When Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, he was exiled to Yunnan for his crimes. When I was an ancestor in the Ming Dynasty, I was admitted to Hanlin because of my good handwriting. Among many calligraphers, his calligraphy is most favored by Judy and becomes an authentic royal calligrapher. Accompanying the emperor to write imperial edicts every day made him famous for a time. Shen Du, who is good at writing official seals, was even called "I am Wang Xizhi" by Ming Chengzu because of his steady and charming writing style, and was promoted to a bachelor's degree in the history of Hanlin. Shen Du was appreciated by the emperor, and the reputation of calligraphy overshadowed that of other calligraphers at that time, such as Jie Jin, Hu Guang and Qian Lian. As a result, government and folk scholars scrambled to imitate his calligraphy, thus forming a "pavilion style" calligraphy. In fact, Shen Du's calligraphy is steady, beautiful and refined, but it lacks momentum and personality, just beautiful and peaceful.

Shen charm, the younger brother, is popular with the word Jian 'an. Because of his good books, he is also a bachelor of Hanlin with his brother. His calligraphy is deeply influenced by his brother. At the same time, he studied under Mi Fei, Zhao Meng and other predecessors, and was famous for his good portrait, calligraphy and cursive script, especially cursive script. The calligraphy is round and beautiful, so brother. Even Shen Du once praised his younger brother in front of the emperor, saying, "I have a younger brother, and my book is better than mine." (Jin's "Official History") This is of course suspected of pushing the other side, which also shows that his calligraphy really touched his brother. Er Shen Brothers' calligraphy is authentic, or can be said to be the pioneer of the Ming Dynasty's Taige calligraphy.

In calligraphy, how should truth, line, grass, official script and seal script be arranged in chronological order?

Feng, Li, Cao, Zhen and Xing

Where did the "Thirteen Stone Gates" of Cliff Stone Carvings, a fine calligraphy work in China, come from?

What works do the three posts in Hanzhong, Shaanxi refer to?

Sanxi Hall's Three Posts, published in Shanghai Pictorial recently, reassembled the calligraphy works of the "Three Kings" of the Jin Dynasty scattered across the Taiwan Strait.

Sanxi Hall, the library of Emperor Qianlong. At that time, Qianlong got the Qing posts in Wang Xizhi's Fast Snow, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Festival post and Wang Xun's Yuan Bo post, so he was happy to hide it in a room and named it "Sanxi Hall". Hope is a rare word and a rare wealth.

The manuscript of "Quick Snow Clear Post" in Tang Dynasty, 7 inches high and 1 minute wide, with 4 lines and 28 words, is one of Wang Xizhi's masterpieces handed down from ancient times. Mid-Autumn Festival Post, written by Mi Fei, a poet in the Song Dynasty, is 8 inches 4 minutes high and 3 inches 6 minutes wide, with 3 lines and 22 words in running script. Wang Xianzhi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, like his father, studied calligraphy since childhood. Wang Xun is Wang Xizhi's nephew, and the post is his envelope, which is a rare calligraphy of Jin people.

In the forties of last century, Wang Xizhi's "Sunny Snow Post" was smuggled to Taiwan Province Province by the Kuomintang government. After years of hard work and high-tech means, Shanghai Pictorial reunited with the "three kings and three posts" across the sea. The book "Three Posts of Sanxi Hall" is an antique paper passbook, which can be written on the table or mounted for display.

Introduce Yan Zhenqing?

Yan Zhenqing (A.D. 709-785), a native of Xiaolangdi (now Zhu cman Village, Fangcheng, Feixian County, Shandong Province), was an outstanding calligrapher, politician and strategist in the Tang Dynasty. He is an official of the four emperors, an official of the official department, and a prince. He once joined hands with his younger brother Yan Gaoqing to fight the Anshi rebellion and made great contributions. Killed by rebel Li Xilie, he died heroically. During his lifetime, he was named "Duke of Founding Lu County" because of his merits, and later he was named "Situ", "posthumous title Wenzhong" and "Yan" in the world. He is another great calligrapher after Wang Xizhi, a "book saint", and the founder of Yan Ti, a new book style in the Tang Dynasty, and is praised as an "elegant saint" by the world. In the history of calligraphy, "Yan Ti" created a unique realm of calligraphy. Su Shi once said, "Poetry ends in Du Zimei, and books end in Duke Lu". "Point like falling rocks, painting like Xia Yun, hook like qu Jin, lattice like crossbow, vertical and horizontal imagery, low-key posture, strong brushwork, calm and dignified" is his unique style of calligraphy. There are more than 200 kinds of ink marks, which are still widely circulated after thousands of years of vicissitudes. His extensive and profound calligraphy art has a far-reaching influence on later generations, and he has been admired by China people and Sinology friends at home and abroad for thousands of years. His ink has become a model sample for later generations to learn books and a brilliant treasure in the treasure house of China traditional culture.

Who wrote the poem "You don't hesitate to buy a treasure knife, but you can exchange mink for wine"?

I bought a nod without hesitation.

It's as good as exchanging wine for mink hair.

I am enthusiastic, I am diligent,

Sprinkle it and it will still melt Bi Tao.

To annotate ...

(1) Wu Zhiying's "Remembering the Legacy of Autumn Women" mentioned that Qiu Jin bought a treasure knife when studying in Japan, and the poem should be written at this time. This poem shows Qiu Jin's chivalrous character of despising money and his revolutionary spirit of sacrificing his life for righteousness.

② Changing mink into wine: changing clothes and furs made of mink into wine. It is often used to describe the romance and generosity of celebrities or rich people. As a woman, Qiu Jin made such remarks, and his chivalrous image was vividly portrayed.

3 "one cavity" two words: cherish your full of blood, and if you pay in the future, it will turn into a green wave (meaning to set off a revolutionary storm). Diligent, diligent, the more the better. Bi Tao, Zhuangzi? "Foreign Things" code: "Changhong died in Shu, hid his blood, and turned green in three years." Changhong, a doctor of the Zhou Dynasty, was loyal to the motherland. He was framed by a traitor and committed suicide in Shu. At that time, people hid his blood in a stone box and turned it into jasper three years later. Later generations often refer to the blood shed by martyrs as a game-writing protocol.

I don't hesitate to spend a lot of money to buy a treasure knife, but it's worthwhile to exchange mink and fur for wine-General Zhang Aiping.

Zhang Aiping was awarded the rank of general on 1955. Zhang Aiping, a proletarian revolutionary and strategist in China, died at 20: 35 on July 5, 2003 at the age of 93.

Zhang Aiping 19 10 from Daxian county, Sichuan province, 1925 joined the revolution, 1928 joined the China * * * production party, and 1955 was awarded the rank of general.

He has successively served as Vice Premier of the State Council, State Councilor and Minister of National Defense, Member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee, Deputy Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission, Deputy Chief of Staff and Director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, and has made great contributions to the development of new China.

Close-up: "Excalibur" Zhang Aiping

General Zhang Aiping is famous all over the world, and he is known as a "gifted scholar in the army" and a "poet on horseback". Military talents are studious and knowledgeable.

General Zhang Aiping's wife Li Youlan explained the general's name: Qing Ping and Mo Xie are the general's swords. Ai Ping, that is, love sword, "I don't hesitate to buy a treasure knife, but mink and fur can be exchanged for wine."

General Zhang Aiping likes photography. During the war, he took thousands of photos, which were very precious. I still enjoy it in my later years. Whenever I go out for activities, my camera must be hung on my chest. Those who don't know are mistaken for photographers, and those who know are called "ordinary photographers".

General Zhang Aiping is good at calligraphy, especially cursive script, which won the charm of Mi Fei and Zhang Xu. The general's calligraphy is full of heroic spirit, hearty, dense in structure, flying in the sky, full of mountains and tsunamis, continuous in balance, and freely retractable.

My father, Wu Peizhi, told me that Peng Xuefeng, the fourth division commander of the New Fourth Army, was killed on September 1944+0 1. The Fourth Division held a memorial meeting, and General Zhang Aiping wrote cursive couplets and hung them on both sides of the rostrum. The first part is "hate bandits and kill my comrades", and the second part is "lead the whole division to swear revenge for you". People applaud husband and wife. At that time, General Zhang Aiping was appointed as the fourth division commander by the deputy commander of the third division of the New Fourth Army.

General Zhang Aiping has a motto: "There will be three forgetfulness: leaving home and forgetting your wife, leaving home and forgetting your army."

General Zhang Aiping is resourceful and unexpected, and every official letter is completed on the same day. Hold the pen and ink, read and change, daub and outline. There are thousands of words in the manuscript, but only one hundred words. If you add it to a few tens, it will be done in an instant, such as a gust of wind sweeping away leaves. Sometimes, reading documents, answering the phone and listening to the report are all right.

General Zhang Aiping has strong principles and outstanding personality. 1In the summer of 964, General Zhang Aiping inspected the atomic bomb base in Jiuquan, Gansu. Base leaders ask for instructions. Lin Biao visited the base on June 1960+00, and the base is going to allocate 300,000 yuan to build a memorial pavilion for Lin Biao. At that time, Lin Biao was very popular. When the general heard about it, he said decisively, "There is no need. It is better to build a soda factory and a popsicle factory to spend so much money! " /kloc-one day in 0/975, Wang Hongwen, then vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, summoned General Zhang Aiping. Wang Hongwen said to the general: Shu Longshan (the rebel leader of the Seventh Machinery Department) is my friend, and I hope you will support his work. After the general came back, when reviewing the list of rebel leaders, he did not hesitate to approve the name of Shulongshan: "Agreed."

Before Taierzhuang War, General Zhang Aiping was appointed by Zhou Enlai and went to Xuzhou to meet with Mr. Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater. When Mr. Li Zongren asked about the plan, the general said, "In my humble opinion, this war must be fought, sooner rather than later, sooner rather than later, sooner rather than later." After the general left, Mr. Li Zongren sighed, "Now I know that the afterlife is terrible."

General Zhang Aiping is clear about rewards and punishments in running the army, and is strict with himself. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the general was appointed as the deputy commander of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army. One day, the whole division will hold an exercise. It's just that Huang Kecheng, the commander of the third division of the New Fourth Army, was on the phone with the general and was four minutes late. After the drill, the general announced in public: "Comrade Zhang Aiping, the deputy division commander, was four minutes late, and the penalty station was 10. All units brought it back by themselves, and Zhang Aiping stood in the same place. " The audience was startled by the smell, and then applauded. Why is Shi Guwen called Shi Guwen?

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, calligraphy styles became increasingly complex, with irregular characters and different styles. The most famous of his styles is Shi Guwen. According to research, Shi Guwen is the stone carving of Qin State in the Warring States Period and the existing "ancestor of stone carving" in China. It is generally considered as seal script, which belongs to the category of big seal script. There are ten ancient drums * * *, and each stone drum is engraved with a four-character poem describing the hunting situation of Qin Guojun. The guild is also called "hunting group". Shi Guwen's brushwork is round and powerful, with strict structure, neat arrangement and heavy charm. It not only retains the complicated traces in the bronze inscription, but also is very decorative, and initially has the basic characteristics of Xiao Zhuan in calligraphy. Since the discovery of Shi Guwen in Xiangxian County, Shaanxi Province in the early Tang Dynasty, it has been admired and used for reference by calligraphers of past dynasties, which has far-reaching influence and fully demonstrated its strong artistic vitality. Guo Moruo said: "Consciously using words as works of art, or making words themselves into artistic and decorative things, began at the end of the spring era. This is the development from writing to calligraphy, and it has reached the conscious stage.

What is depicting red?

Firstly, tracing red is a traditional calligraphy method in China. Because it is intuitive, simple and effective, it is especially suitable for the calligraphy enlightenment of teenagers and beginners. The words quoted in this post are written according to the standard of Chinese characters, which reflects the consistency between calligraphy teaching and literacy teaching.

Second, when practicing, you must read the post before writing; Look at the shape of the pen, remember the path of the pen first, and then write one stroke at a time. You can't give up halfway. Before writing, you can also practice "empty books" with your fingers, so that you can have a good idea of the weight, speed, start and stop of the pen. When writing, you should use your brain, and you must strengthen the "feel" you have experienced in the practice of painting red, so as to form your actual writing ability.

Third, this post can be described in light ink first, and then described in thick ink after drying; You can also doodle or write silently to improve the utilization rate of the little red book. You can also practice single hook and double hook. "single hook drawing bone" enhances students' understanding of frame structure; "Double Hook Painting Meat" deepens students' mastery of the form of strokes. The combination of flesh and blood complements each other.

Fourth, this post marks the writing process with thick lines on the scarlet letter, which is convenient to guide students to understand the basic brushwork and structure of regular script. The description of red is very accurate, and there is no need to require the absolute consistency of red and black pens. Some strokes "over" or "under" are normal phenomena and need not be supplemented or changed.

Fifth, painting red is a means, not an end. Through repeated description, let students throw away the "red paint crutch" in time after forming more skilled skills, and transition to temporary writing or independent writing as soon as possible.

Who is the author of the ancient famous painting "Goddess of Luofutu"?

"Ode to Luoshen" was written by Cao Zhi, and there is a famous sentence: Ling Bo walks lightly, and Luo socks produce dust. ...

Luo Shenfu's calligraphy was written by Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty. The paper version of Luoshenfu, 29.5cm long and192.6cm wide, is now in Tianjin Art Museum. It is said that it is in the Palace Museum in Beijing, and it is also said that Zhao Mengfu's "Luo Shen Fu" in Princeton University Museum in the United States is an original.

Luo Shen Fu was written in Dade four years (AD 1300), when Zhao was 47 years old. Make the circle beautiful with a pen. Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy style is vividly displayed. Ni Zan, a scholar in Yuan Dynasty, called this volume "round and vivid" and praised Zhao Wei as the first scholar in Yuan Dynasty.

What does "real book" mean?

Authentic edition refers to the transitional regular script from Han and Wei Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, also known as "authentic edition". It is characterized by officials in capital letters. True books are divided into "North Monument" and "South Monument". Northern stele refers to the stele books of Northern Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is the product of the prevalence of Buddhism, and it is also called "Weibei" because there are many books in the northern Wei Dynasty. North and South refer to the historical sites in the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties.

Regular script, also known as real script and official script. China's calligraphy is divided into "seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script", and regular script evolved from official script. Regular script in a broad sense includes Weibei, and regular script in a narrow sense refers to Tang script. It was in the Tang Dynasty that the strict standard of regular script was established, and its fundamental rule has been passed down to this day.

Since the early Tang Dynasty, the official script was first renamed as Bafen, and the latter Bafen was mixed with the official script to form the official script. It was not until the middle Tang Dynasty that the official script was restored to its original name, but it was gone.

In fact, one of the officials said that it could include eight points and official documents. For example, Yang Xin's "Cai" refers to some good "Li, Cao" or "Cao, Li" below the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Wang Xizhi, and refers to cursive script and official script. Don again? In Sun's Preface to the Book Spectrum, there is a saying that "Yuan Chang specializes in official books", that is, the eight-point method.

Eight points is also called official script, and the name (which is also the correct name) has not been cancelled until it dies. Zhengshu finally got rid of the official name completely. About the Northern Song Dynasty, it was renamed regular script.

Eight points, official books can be collectively referred to as official books, as mentioned above, but official books in Qin and Han Dynasties cannot be called eight points or official books. This problem was originally in Liang? There are some confusions in Geng Shouwu's On Calligraphy. For example, he said, "What Cheng Miao did ... was called the official book, and it is still like this." What he really means is that the official script at that time can also be called official script, but the tone is vague and easy to degenerate.

When I turned around, I mistakenly thought that official script could also be called official script. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan's Shuduan and Lishu Preface aggravated this confusion. On the premise of admitting that Cheng Miao made official script in ancient times (Qin and Han Dynasties), he also made official script (official script) for some laborers from Jin to Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Xizhi, Xian Zhi, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang.

As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Lishu was called a real book. For example, in the "Three Wangs' Family" in Historical Records, Chu said that "Two Grass True Books", "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "Dong Si's Wife (Cai Yan)" also had the language of "True Grass Obedience". Although there was an eight-point method at that time, I estimate that this "truth" still refers to the ancient official style. Later, in Jin, Liu and Shao's "Flying White Book", some people said "looking for grass", but what about Tang? When discussing the calligraphy styles of Zhong and Zhang, Sun's Preface to Book Spectrum also said: "It is more true to imitate grass, and it grows grass if it is true." The "truth" there may have been divided into 1 18 chapters in the articles of association, because there is a difference in time. As Sima Yu, a Jian Wendi in the Jin Dynasty, said in "Answering Wang Xizhi's Book on the King of Eastern Hunan": "You can get all kinds of grass." Don again? When Li Simiao quoted Cai Yan's words of "true grass is obedient" in Yu Shinan's calligraphy, they were all called official books. This shows that what they call true books, that is to say, "orthography", can include all positive books and eight-point positive books, unlike later generations, which only changed the positive books into real books.

Regular script means regular script, which was first mentioned in Zhang Huaiguan's Shu Duan. In the Han dynasty, it was also another name for "regular Chinese characters", which was still used by people in the Six Dynasties. For example, Yang Xin's Cai and Lun Shu all said in Biography of Wei Shengshou: "Birth characters are good at regular script." That's the abbreviation of "eight-block method", which didn't replace the name of the official book until the Northern Song Dynasty, and its content was obviously different from the ancient name. There is probably an example of the above. If these concepts are not clear, they will inevitably confuse other aspects forever, which is useless.

Which dynasty was the earliest stone carving in Xi 'an stele forest?

Eastern Han Dynasty

Xi 'an's forest of steles is not only a treasure house of oriental stone history and culture, but also a treasure house of calligraphy art, enjoying the reputation of "hometown of calligraphy art", which makes overseas people yearn for it. The early stone carvings in the forest of steles include the stone carvings of Qin Fengshan in the Song Dynasty. The original tablet was written by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin State. In the second year of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 185), the inscription "Cao Quanbei", with exquisite official script, is a well-preserved inscription with clear font among the Chinese steles, and is a fine work among the Chinese steles. Han Xi Shipingjing is the remnant stone of Zhouyi, which preserves the earliest sentence of Zhouyi in China. According to legend, Cai Yong, a famous scholar and great calligrapher at that time, wrote neatly in official script, which was a model of Han Li.

When is a writing brush called a pen?

Generation of writing brush

Brush originated around 1600- 1066 BC. There are different opinions about the origin of writing brush in history. The story of writing brush made by Montaigne is the most recorded in history, but modern scholars believe that writing brush existed before Montaigne.

The original brush was used to describe Oracle Bone Inscriptions's strokes, but the real brush writing may begin with the words on bamboo slips and tapestries.

Development of writing brush

According to the unearthed cultural relics and related historical records, in the Neolithic Age, some patterns on painted pottery can already be seen with the naked eye, indicating that the writing brush appeared in the Neolithic Age.

On some Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang dynasty, there are some words written without engraving, which are round, that is to say, written with a brush. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, there were characters with the image of holding a pen in one hand, which was the later word "Yu", that is, the predecessor of the word "pen".

At present, the earliest brush was found in the Warring States Period. One was found in the Warring States Chu Tomb of Zuojiagongshan in Changsha City, Hunan Province, and the other was found in the Warring States Chu Tomb of Taishan, the mayor of Xinyang City, Henan Province.

At that time, the writing brush was made by dividing one end of the pen holder into several sections, sandwiching the hair of the pen in the middle, winding it with thin thread, and then coating a layer of pigment on the outside of the pen holder.

Compared with the writing brush in the Warring States period, the writing brush in the Qin Dynasty was greatly improved. The main difference is that the brush of Qin dynasty hollowed out one end of the pen holder, and then put the bristles in the hollowed-out pen cavity and then glued them firmly. 1957, three bamboo brushes were unearthed from the tomb of A Qin, Hubei.

Compared with the brush of Qin dynasty, some brushes of Han dynasty are basically similar, while others have been greatly improved. The penholder is mainly made of bamboo, straight and even, the other end of the penholder is sharpened, and some penholders are engraved with names. It is said that one end of the brush holder is sharpened to facilitate the insertion of the brush into the hair or the top of the head. For example, in 1972, two such brushes were unearthed in two Han tombs in Gansu.

The predecessor of the word "pen" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

At this time, the brush hair is no longer limited to rabbit hair, but also deer hair, wool and wolf hair. At the same time, two or more kinds of bristles with different hardness are used in the manufacture of the writing brush, so that the manufactured writing brush not only realizes the combination of rigidity and softness, but also achieves the purpose of convenient writing. Meng Tiandu, whom we mentioned earlier, makes this kind of brush.

After the Jin Dynasty, the pen holder of the brush was no longer sharp, and the pen holder was much shorter.

The Tang Dynasty was the era when China's pen-making technology reached the highest level, and it was also the heyday of China's calligraphy art. At this time, the most famous brush was Xu Anbi in Xuancheng, Anhui. Among them, "moustache pen" and "auspicious pen" are both called top grade because of their solid bristles. As far as pen-making technology is concerned, it can meet the requirements of multiple varieties, multiple expressions and adaptation to different calligraphy styles.

After the Song Dynasty, pens with better pen-making skills were also produced all over the south of the Yangtze River. At this time, the "Lake Pen" produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province is the most famous. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the center of pen-making in China.

Liu Gongquan tablet?

Tang Huichang was established in the third year (AD 843), and the original monument has long been lost.

Shence Army Monument is one of the representative works of Liu Gongquan's regular script. Compared with the well-known "mysterious tower", the calligraphy style of this monument is more mature and distinctive. The structure is smooth and uniform, maintaining the traditional structure of tight left and comfortable right. Fiona Fang used both kinds of strokes and used them freely. The brush strokes are thick, calm and magnificent. It typically shows the artistic features of Liu Tikai's book. As Cen Zongdan's book review said, Liu Shu is "like a soldier in Yuanmen, with a new health". Reading this monument is helpful to deepen people's understanding of the artistic characteristics of the sentence "Yan Liu Jin Gu". The original stone of "Ce Shen Military Monument" stands in the forbidden area of feudal dynasty, so it is difficult for ordinary people to copy and expand, so rubbings are rarely passed down from generation to generation.

It is Liu Gongquan's early calligraphy works. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty, and now only the "Tang Tuogu" found in Dunhuang Grottoes remains. Liu Gongquan learned from others in his early years and paid special attention to learning from his predecessors. From the Diamond Sutra, we can see the traces of his study of various schools of law. Guang Chuan's postscript said: "This sutra originated from Ximing Temple. There are Zhong You (Cave), Kings (Xizhi), Europeans (Yang Xun), Yu (Heather), Chu (Sui Liang) and Lu (Cambodia). Today's test of his book is a must, especially valuable. " This statement basically shows the artistic value of this post, which is undoubtedly very helpful for studying the formation process and development clues of Liu Gongquan's regular script.

The full name is "Preface to the Mysterious Pagoda inscribed by ankokuji, exorcist, in the Records of Monks in the Tang Dynasty", which was edited and sealed by Liu Gongquan. Xuanzang Pagoda was erected in December of the first year of Tang Huichang (AD 84 1), and the monument was in Xi 'an Stele Forest, Shaanxi. Regular script has 28 lines and 54 words. Liu Xizai's "Introduction to Art" said: "The Xuanta in Liu Shu comes from the Guojia Temple in Yan Zhenqing", and Wang Shizhen said: "Liu Fa's charm is as strong as Yan Situ's". The Mysterious Tower was written by Liu Gongquan at the age of sixty-four. Wang Shu's "Inscription and Postscript on Virtual Boat" said that this book is "a masterpiece of sincerity and great practice". The knot in Mystery Tower is characterized by introversion and extroversion, easy to get close to and strong; The pen strength is strong and stretching, clean and neat, all-round and thoughtful, and it has its own unique appearance.

Who did Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in ancient China, learn his cursive script from?

Zhangzhi

Zhang Zhi, whose name is Boying, is from Dunhuang. The date of birth is unknown, and he died in the third year of Chu Ping of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (about AD 192). He was born in Jiuquan, Dunhuang (now Gansu), and his father Huan was Tai Changqing, who moved to Huayin, Hongnong. The son of the famous minister Boying is young and energetic. He is diligent in learning from the ancient times, walking in the Ming Dynasty, and prostrating himself to the court. Therefore, he is called Zhang Youdao, and he is a white man who avoids the world. If you are good at zhangcao, you will get rid of old habits, save zhangcao and point out pictures, and become a "modern grass." "Shu Duan" said that he "learned the method of Cui (Yuan) and Du (Cao), so he changed it to this grass. The font is made in one stroke, occasionally interrupted, with continuous blood and even staggered veins. "

Zhang Zhiqin's spirit of practicing calligraphy has become a historical story. Wei Heng's "Four-body Book" records: Zhang Zhi "Where clothes and silks are at home, you must write before you practice (boiling and dyeing);" Learn books in the pool, and the pool is exhausted. "Later generations called calligraphy" Linchi ",that is, from this. Shan Wei of the Three Kingdoms has the reputation of "the sage of grass", and Yang Xin commented: "Zhang Zhi, Huang Xiang, Zhong You and Suo Jing, also known as the sage of books, are born strong and muscular, and are the first of all saints. It's a matter of time. "At that time, people cherished ink even to the point of' not leaving an inch of paper'. Jin Wang's book only praised Zhong (Yao) and Zhang (Zhi) for Han and Wei calligraphy, but thought the rest were not satisfactory. It had a profound influence on the cursive scripts of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi. Xuanhe Pu Shu has Zhang Zhi's cursive script No.1 Scholar's Post and Cao Zhang's cursive script Message Post.