1, History: North American colonies have a tradition of freedom.
Establishment of (1) colony:
Time: 1607- 1733
Location: Atlantic coast of North America
Item code: 13
Residents: British immigrants, mainly poor farmers and persecuted Puritans.
(2) the expression of colonial liberalism tradition
Britain immigrated to North America in pursuit of freedom and wealth.
② Local governments at all levels enjoy different degrees of autonomy. (Municipal and higher management bodies)
(3) Colonial residents enjoy wider opportunities and rights to participate in politics than the British, and cultivate the consciousness and ability of autonomy in social life.
2. Thought: education popularization; The spread of enlightenment thought
3. Root: The contradiction between the development of capitalism in North America and British colonial rule intensified.
4. Direct cause: the colonial resistance to the British high-handed policy-"no taxation without representation"
Britain's high-handed policy towards the colonies
1 Background: "Seven Years' War"
① Time: 1756- 1763.
Result: Britain defeated France.
(3) Impact on Britain: Britain acquired a large area of land west of Canada and Appalachian Mountains, but it caused a huge financial deficit to the British government.
2 Purpose and performance:
Alleviate financial difficulties and collect various taxes from the colonies.
(2) colonial resistance
Slogan: "Without representatives, there is no tax"
② Method: Submit a petition or protest; Get rid of the tax collectors and burn the tax stamps.
③ Representative event: Boston Tea Party; (fuse)
Second, the process of the war of independence.
1, fuse: Boston tea party.
2, 1775 Lexington gunfire-kick off
3.1July 4, 776, the declaration of independence was issued-declaring independence.
(1) Institution: Second Continental Conference.
(2) Drafter: Jefferson
(3) Content: Equality and natural human rights are inviolable; Sovereignty belongs to the people; People's revolutionary rights
(4) Significance:
(1) announced the birth of the United States;
(2) for the first time in the form of a political platform announced the principles of democracy and the state (the first declaration of human rights);
(3) It promoted the independence movement of people in Europe, America, Asia and Latin America.
4. 1783 Britain recognizes North American independence-formal independence.
Logo:1September, 783, the Paris Treaty was signed.
Third, the result-the establishment of the American regime.
1, Establishment of Confederate System (Confederate Regulation 178 1)
(1) State system: loose confederation
(2) Loose performance:
(1) The highest organ of the central government is the Confederate Congress, but the power of the Confederate Congress is minimal.
(2) All countries have complete sovereignty and armies.
(3) Each state has its own way and conflicts with each other.
2. Establishment of federalism and presidential system (Constitution 1787)
Objective: To prevent any form of personal dictatorship and government abuse of power.
Principle: 1. Principle of centralization (principle of federalism)
Chief Executive Officer-Chief Executive Officer
National Assembly (legislative, financial)
Supreme federal judicial system
2. Principle of separation of powers and checks and balances: separation of powers and mutual restraint.
3. Democratic Representatives and Principles: The President and Members of Parliament are elected by the people.
Historical significance: ① A state system combining presidential system, federalism, representative system and system was established.
② It has provided institutional guarantee for the development of the United States for more than 200 years.
The first written constitution in the modern world was imitated by many countries, which promoted the democratization of the world.
Defects: ① The rights of the people are not stipulated.
(2) Confirmed the legality of slavery.