When using other people's opinions, data, materials or research results, you need to quote. This can ensure academic integrity, avoid plagiarism, and give the original author the credibility and respect he deserves.
Citation means that when quoting other people's data, the source of the data must be indicated, including the author's name, title or periodical name, page number, publishing unit, year, month and day, etc.
When the author quotes the original text, he can delete part of the content, and use ellipsis where it is deleted; In order to emphasize, the author can add bullets or change the font to some words when quoting the original text; In order to make it easier for readers to understand, the author can use parenthesis to explain the quoted content.
Arrangement order of references
Literature entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's surname (China's surname is based on its Chinese phonetic alphabet) and in Chinese and foreign languages respectively. At present, the entry should not be numbered, and the second line should be indented.
Foreign documents come first, and China documents come last. The documents of the same author in different periods are arranged in order of publication time. Documents of the same author in the same year will be marked with English lowercase letters after the year (for example, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c).
Importance of citation
When writing a paper, you must quote the literature. It may be an opinion, a law or a case, some statistics, etc. Readers may be interested in these documents, want to do extended reading, or have doubts and want to check them. At this time, the author is obliged to explain the source of the literature.
The source of the document can be written in text. Translation of academic papers, but now there are often many places where legal papers cite documents, as many as dozens or hundreds; If all the cited documents and their sources are put in the text, the text will be jumbled and bumpy to read. To this end, a method is adopted: put general documents and their sources in the footer or at the end of the article, and not extremely important documents are not marked in the text. So the body parts are clean and tidy.
As far as the whole academic industry is concerned, standardized citation also has many benefits.
First of all, readers can follow the academic development according to the citation information. Find a fully cited paper and you will know the status of previous research; According to the quotations in the cited academic documents, we can know the previous research situation. Accordingly, the whole knowledge pedigree related to the research topic gradually emerges, the ladder of knowledge accumulation is also clearly identifiable, and the differences of views and ideas are easy to clarify.
Secondly, standardizing citation is conducive to establishing an effective academic evaluation mechanism. To some extent, the value and influence of a paper can be measured according to the cited frequency of this paper.
On this basis, we can also measure the academic level of a publication, the academic achievements of a scholar and the academic innovation ability of a group of teachers according to the cited frequency of their papers. Although there are some shortcomings in taking cited frequency as a measure (for example, the situation of different disciplines is very different), it is relatively objective because cited frequency is the result of free choice in academic market.
Finally, the citation of the paper also provides a basis for analyzing the academic research situation of a discipline and a period. Su Li, Fan Cheng and other scholars have made an interesting analysis of the present situation of contemporary legal research in China through the statistics of legal quotations. I counted the citations of foreign documents (foreign countries and Taiwan Province Province) in the articles published in Administrative Law Research 1993-2005, and found that the proportion of foreign documents cited was as high as 40%, and the distribution of these documents in different countries and regions was very different.
However, the cited foreign documents are basically second-hand materials, and the original documents (excluding articles on foreign laws) only account for 4.5% of the total cited foreign documents. Literature citation reflects the characteristics and shortcomings of administrative law research in China.