( 19 10~ 1985)

Mathematician, Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 191010 65438 was born in Jintan, Jiangsu province, and 1985 12 died in Tokyo, Japan.

1924 graduated from Jintan middle school and studied hard. 1930, taught in Tsinghua University. 1936 Visiting study at Cambridge University, UK. 1938 became a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University after returning to China. From 65438 to 0946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China from 65438 to 0950. He has served as Professor Tsinghua University, director and honorary director of Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, chairman and honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, director of National Mathematical Competition Committee, foreign academician of American National Academy of Sciences, academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, deputy director, vice president and presidium member of physics department, mathematics and chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, director and vice president of mathematics department of China University of Science and Technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and member of the State Council Academic Degree Committee. He was a member of the first to sixth the NPC Standing Committee and vice-chairman of the sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by Nancy University in France, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois in the United States. Mainly engaged in the research and teaching of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields, and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1940s, the historical problem of Gaussian complete trigonometric sum estimation was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Welling problem and E. Wright on the Tully problem have been greatly improved and are still the best records.

In algebra, the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over from history for a long time is proved. This paper gives a simple and direct proof that the normal child of an object must be contained in its center, which is Hua theorem. His monograph "On Prime Numbers of Pile Foundations" systematically summarizes, develops and perfects Hardy and Littlewood's circle method, vinogradov's triangle sum estimation method and his own method. Its main achievements still occupy the leading position in the world after more than 40 years of publication, and have been translated into Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, German and English, becoming one of the classic works of number theory in the 20th century. His monograph "Harmonic Analysis on Typical Fields of Multiple Complex Variables" gives the complete orthogonal system of typical fields with accurate analysis and matrix skills, combined with group representation theory, and thus gives the expressions of Cauchy and Poisson kernel. This work has a wide and deep influence on harmonic analysis, complex analysis and differential equations, and won the first prize of China Natural Science Award. Advocating the development of applied mathematics and computer, he has published many books such as Master Planning Method and Optimization Research, which have been popularized in China. In cooperation with Professor Wang Yuan, he has made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, which is called "Hua Wang Fa". He made great contributions to the development of mathematics education and the popularization of science. He has published more than 200 research papers and dozens of monographs and popular science works.

Hua

gu mainan

First, teaching purpose: to understand the characteristics and writing of biography; Learn about Hua and his life, and learn from Hua's perseverance of hard struggle and self-study and his patriotism of devoting himself to the scientific cause and serving the people.

Second, teaching focus: Hua's life experience and spiritual outlook, as well as the characteristics of biographical style.

Third, teaching methods: guiding method; Discussion method

Four, class schedule: two class hours (45 minutes)

Verb (abbreviation of verb) teaching process;

first kind

1. Import.

Hua (19 10- 1985), a modern mathematician in China, is the founder of new China mathematics research and one of the most influential mathematicians in China in the world.

He only had a junior high school diploma, but in the end he went to the Tsinghua University forum by self-study. He was disabled, but said, "I want to replace my broken leg with a sound mind!" " "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, in a small attic like a bullpen on the outskirts of Kunming, he wrote a classic book" On Prime Numbers of Stacking Cardinality ". For the first time, he made mathematics move from books to production practice and was praised by the masses as "the people's mathematician".

After listening to so many introductions about Mr. Hua, I wonder if you know anything about Mr. Hua and are interested in learning more about him?

2. Text.

Hua: huā is the same as "Hua" huà and Huashan huá China.

Extension: Make líng Fox Rush, René n Yingying, Wei wéi Baby.

Mr. Zhu, whose title page is clumsy, Shinohara Xi

Name fēi Jin Ou U Eagle zhān Zan bāo Pan Rectangular Jū

Looking back, on the excitement of Qu.

3. Introduction to the author.

Gu Mainan, female reporter of Xinhua News Agency, popular science journalist and popular science writer. In 2002, Gu Mainan and his works were included in China's popular science masterpieces.

4. Text analysis and interpretation.

Subtitle 1 (1-6) My love and obsession with mathematics before and after I dropped out of school.

(7- 10) After my disability, I decided to devote myself to mathematics.

(1-5) Tsinghua studied number theory for four years; After two years in England, I came to Fahrenheit Theorem.

Subtitle 2 (6-9) National Southwest Associated University completed the theory of heap-based prime numbers in several years.

(10- 12) went to the United States for four years to expand the research scope.

(1-6) devoted himself to the mathematical research in China.

Subtitle 3 (7- 10) is about education in China.

(1 1- 15) is devoted to the practical application of mathematics.

(The picture shows the text structure analysis diagram)

(1) Preface.

Structurally, it is flashback. Expand the order of retrospective narration, including direct narration, flashback, insertion, supplementary narration and parallel narration.

Function: In content, flowers challenge authority and arouse readers' interest.

In the selection of materials, he chose the symbol of self-study, which was a turning point in his life. Similarly, readers are also interested in the plot development before and after this incident.

Supplementary introduction characters:

Xiong Qinglai, Hua's teacher, is a pioneer of modern mathematics in China. 1893 ——1969, word Dizhi, from Yunnan. I studied in Belgium and France, where I received my doctorate. He made great achievements in the research of function theory, and defined an "infinite order function", which was adopted internationally and called bear infinity. Mr. Xiong Qinglai loves education very much and is very enthusiastic about training scientific talents in China. In his early years, when he was a professor at Southeast University, he found that a student named Guang Liu was quite talented, and he often instructed him to study and study. Later, he and another professor who had taught Guang Liu helped him to study abroad, and even sold his clothes to send him money. Later, this Guang Liu became a famous physicist. Later, Mr. Xiong Qinglai came to Tsinghua University as the head of the Department of Mathematics and read in academic magazines.

Hua's name. After learning about Hua's self-study experience and talent in mathematics, he resolutely broke away from convention and invited Hua, who only had junior high school education, to Tsinghua University. When he was paraplegic in his seventies, he took care of two graduate students, Yang Le and Zhang Guanghou, who later became very successful young mathematicians.

Tang Peijing, a fellow Chinese and a native of Jintan, Jiangsu Province, later served as a technical adviser to FAO. 1903— 1988。 Since childhood, his family has attached great importance to his study and made every effort to train him to be a useful person. He studied in Southeast University, and got a bachelor's degree in science. Later, I went back to my hometown to be the headmaster of Jintan Middle School, and then I went to Tsinghua to be a teacher. Later, he studied at the University of London, England, obtained a doctorate in statistics, and was elected as a member of the Royal Statistical Society. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he resolutely returned to China to engage in education, which was quite a patriotic scholar. In 1949, Mr. Tang Peijing went to the United States. In 195 1, he was employed as a technical consultant of FAO, and then served as a consultant of agricultural statistics in Latin America until his retirement in 1969.

(2) The first part.

This paper describes Hua's obsession with mathematics when he was young. Even though he suffered from the misfortune of dropping out of school and physical disability, he was still infatuated, studied hard and finally succeeded.

The first layer introduces the origin, life experience and family background of Chinese surnames.

The second layer: Introduction Hua fell in love with mathematics under the influence of his math teacher Wang Weike.

Illustrate Hua's talent in mathematics with examples to further explain why he is so smart and diligent.

Poetry 1: Expressed the idea of hard work, thinking that genius is hard-earned, and diligence can make up for the lack of innate intelligence. Explain why China succeeded.

Supplementary character introduction:

Wang Weike, Hua is the grade director of his second grade in junior high school. He is well-read and well-versed in Chinese and Western literature, and his research scope covers foreign poetry, ancient China poetry, mathematics and other fields. He was the first person to discover that Hua had a talent for mathematics. Under his influence, Hua has made outstanding achievements in mathematics. And because of the influence of the network itself, as a well-read person, I get good grades in all subjects in China, especially Chinese, and I can also write and write poems.

The third layer: Introduction Hua is still obsessed with mathematics and studies hard after dropping out of school.

In the fifth paragraph, several verbs vividly show his obsession with mathematics.

The example of "Luo Idiot" further illustrates his degree of obsession.

The fourth floor: According to legend, China was unfortunately infected and disabled for life.

Function: setting suspense and writing about adversity can better reflect China's hard work and efforts in self-study.

The fifth layer: Introduce Hua's decision not to devote himself to mathematics.

It echoes the preface of the article.

Abstract: The article focuses on the hardships of self-study environment in Chinese youth (dropping out of school, being busy with livelihood, suffering from disability and reading little). In fact, it adopts the method of comparison. The more difficult the conditions are, the more it shows that he has made great efforts in self-study in order to achieve such great achievements. It shows Hua's spirit of hard work and self-study in adversity.

Second lesson

(3) The third part.

This paper mainly introduces the research, achievements and great contributions of Hua 1932 in the field of mathematics from its entry into Tsinghua University to the founding of New China.

The first layer introduces Hua's four years in Tsinghua, and has published more than a dozen papers on number theory, which is famous internationally; After studying in Britain for two years, I got Fahrenheit theorem.

Abnormal promotion was the second turning point in his life.

Supplementary character introduction:

Ye, 1993 Zhou, then president of China Academy of Sciences, commented on him like this: "He is one of the founders of modern physics in China and one of the earliest organizers of physics in China, and has made outstanding contributions to the research of physics and the development of science education in China." 1898— 1977。 Born in a scholarly family in Shanghai, 19 18 graduated from Tsinghua University and then studied in the United States. He received a doctorate in philosophy from Harvard University. After returning to China, he was employed by Southeast University, and then went to Tsinghua University to establish the Physics Department of Tsinghua University. Later, he became the first president of Tsinghua University Academy of Science and became the core leader of Tsinghua University. At the same time, he is also one of the founders of the Chinese Physical Society. Before liberation, he was the de facto leader of the scientific community in China. After the founding of New China, he was elected as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and an academician of the China Academy of Sciences, which is today's academician. However, due to his experience before liberation, he gradually broke away from the core of China's scientific community after liberation, and was implicated and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and died tragically in 1977.

The second layer: Introduce Hua's hard life in The National SouthWest Associated University for several years, write more than 20 papers, and complete the manuscript of Overlapping Primes.

Poetry 2: Expressing indignation at China's aggression and enemy's bullying, and showing a strong patriotic spirit.

The hard living environment in Kunming shows that his achievements are hard-won, his efforts and his patriotism.

The third layer: writing about China was invited to travel to the Soviet Union, which was praised and valued by the Soviet scientific community. ;

The fourth layer: Hua was invited to visit the United States for four years, which expanded the research scope and was praised by American mathematicians.

Foreign speeches paved the way for him to return to China in the future.

The evaluation of his research results from all sides shows his great research achievements and his patriotic spirit of resolutely returning to China in the future.

Abstract: The article uses a large number of other people's comments on China, and shows China's great achievements through evaluation and comparison. At the same time, through the description of China's respect and outstanding research achievements abroad, it shows the patriotic image of a mathematician who still gave up the stable environment and bright future abroad and devoted himself to the education of the motherland at the critical moment of the national crisis.

(4) The fourth part.

This paper mainly introduces the story that Hua made great contributions to China's mathematical research and education after the founding of New China, actively studied and popularized the application of mathematical methods to industrial and agricultural production and solved practical problems.

The first floor: writing about China calls on international students to lead their families back to China.

The open letter adopts many rhetorical devices, such as metonymy, borrowing, parallelism and repetition. Show his patriotic enthusiasm and childlike heart to the fullest.

The second layer: China pays attention to discovering and cultivating young people who are interested in scientific career. Focus on the story of discovering and cultivating Chen Jingrun.

The reaction to reading the letter shows his excitement and joy in finding talents.

The third layer: introducing the spread and popularization of optimization methods and operational research in China, teaching mathematical methods to the masses and dealing with practical problems, which is highly praised by foreign counterparts.

Poetry 3: The excitement of going deep into the front line of production shows the noble sentiment of scientists who take pleasure in serving the country and the people.

The fourth layer: writing about China's glory to join the party.

Poetry 4: Express China's joy and loyalty to the Party.

The fifth layer: self-motivation of writing about China.

Self-encouraging understanding (thinking about the first question after class);

Empty, that is, idle; Loose, is lax, not enterprising. Be practical, one is to do things in a down-to-earth manner, and the other is to do practical things. Science should be used to solve practical problems and serve industrial and agricultural production.

Abstract: This paper introduces the story of Hua's great contribution to China's mathematics research and education after the founding of the People's Republic of China, actively studying and popularizing the application of mathematical methods to solve practical problems in industrial and agricultural production, and shows Hua's patriotic enthusiasm, eclectic employment methods and pragmatic working attitude.

5. Think after class.

The first problem has been solved.

The second problem has been solved.

The third question:

19101kloc-0/was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province.

1930 published a paper "Why can't the quintic equation of Su Jiaju algebra be established?"

1932 entered Tsinghua University.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/937, I returned from England and worked as a professor of mathematics at National Southwest Associated University.

194 1 year, he finished his first book, The Theory of Prime Numbers in the Pile.

1950 departed from the United States and returned to China in February.

1957 published a 600,000-word math guide.

1958, the optimization method is applied to industrial and agricultural production.

6. Summarize the Chinese spirit shown in the article.

The spirit of struggle in adversity; 2. The exemplary role of self-study; Patriotism; An eclectic way of promoting talents; Pragmatic working attitude.

7. Summarize the characteristics of article writing.

① Clear hierarchy and complete and compact structure. As shown in the subheadings, the full text is led out by three subheadings except the beginning, taking the main events of Chinese life as the main line, and at the same time implying three periods of adolescence, middle age and old age, which is very general.

② Transition to nature. There are clever transitions between parts, layers and fragments. Connecting the preceding with the following, it connects the contents of the article well.

③ The language is accurate, concise, vivid and vivid. The article introduces mathematicians, so the time, place, life story, research results and mathematical terms are used accurately and scientifically. When expressing the spiritual world of the characters, he spared no expense in pen and ink, using details and quotations to make the language vivid and vivid.

(4) Quoted writing techniques are widely used. Quoting famous people's own words and poems is also a way to express the truth of the characters in the biography. This paper quotes Hua's poems and songs, which makes the analysis of China's spiritual world more profound and thorough, and enables readers to touch the inner emotional world of characters.

⑤ Use of notes. Biography mainly narrates and introduces life stories. If some vivid descriptions and incisive comments are interspersed, the works can avoid monotony and add some literary color, which will inspire and educate readers.

8. Review and summarize the characteristics of biographies.

The combination of characters and historical background, authenticity and literariness, the use of various writing techniques, the use of plain language, the use of comments and quotations.