At present, there are many authors of metrical poems. When they write metrical poems, they either pursue elegance, novelty and atmosphere excessively, or pretend to be profound and obscure, and the result is often counterproductive, resulting in groaning, unsatisfactory words or artificial hypocrisy. After reading his works, readers are at a loss or at a loss, but they don't know that the highest state of metrical poetry is to impress people with emotion, and to make readers feel * * * and cultivate sentiment with true feelings.
Although there are many poetry clubs in China at present, there are also a large number of authors who create metrical poems, and the number of metrical poems created and published every year is several times more than the sum of Tang poetry and Song poetry. However, due to people's lack of in-depth understanding of the art of metrical poetry, the lack of systematic study of classical literature knowledge, the practice of vernacular free poetry in modern literary circles for many years, and the impact of western modernist literature and art, the living space of metrical poetry has reached a marginal level. In addition, the lack of readers of metrical poems also leads to the passive situation that metrical poems become "unattainable".
Of course, with the development and changes of the times, people's methods of appreciating metrical poems have quietly changed, and the form of appreciating metrical poems has changed from people singing in the past to readers reading and browsing silently today. Therefore, as a metrical poem silently read and appreciated by readers, it is required that the artistic conception and language expression of metrical poem must be renovated and unique in order to impress people with true feelings and attract readers' attention. Indeed, today's metrical poems just lie quietly in books or web pages. They have no expression, no voice, no color, loneliness, loneliness and helplessness. Only by exerting the artistic charm of metrical poems themselves can they achieve the purpose of touching readers' hearts.
I have a friend, a poet, who has forgotten the turn of the year and told me about his personal experience in composing metrical poems more than once. He said: all his metrical poems are expressions of true feelings. Sometimes, because I wrote a real and touching event, I was unconsciously moved to tears by the plot, but somehow I just couldn't arouse the reader's appetite and make the reader's heart tremble. In fact, the creation of metrical poems should not only have the author's personal experience, but also have the natural expression of emotions, and at the same time arouse the readers' recognition and singing, which is the true feelings. "Thinking about a Quiet Night" by Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "When the foot of the bed is bright, is there a first frost? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " This poem has only 20 words, but it has been praised by people for thousands of years. The fundamental reason is to impress people with emotion. As we all know, this poem was written by the poet Tang Kaiyuan when he lived in Anlu, Hubei in the 15th year (AD 727). A poet living in a foreign country is too busy socializing during the day to think about those parting feelings. However, in the dead of night, facing the autumn night in first frost, how can I not miss my hometown? However, touching the scene and homesickness made the poet toss and turn, making it difficult to sleep. Indeed, this evening, the moonlight is like frost, except for a bright full moon hanging in the sky, the ground is covered with frosty moonlight, and it is quiet all around. Silence is better than sound, and there is an irresistible emotion surging in the poet's chest, which makes him unable to calm down any more. In fact, the genius of this poem lies in the natural expression of the poet's feelings. Thus vividly reveals the poet's inner activities, vividly outlines a "homesickness map on a moonlit night", and vividly presents the poet's loneliness and desolation in a foreign country to the readers. How can we not let the readers move?
Poets create metrical poems in order to express their thoughts and feelings and show the charm of the artistic style of metrical poems. Of course, the artistic style of metrical poems can be shaped by the poet's cultural accomplishment and unique temperament. The poet's thoughts and feelings, that is, the invisible and inaudible, such as the same thing, appear in different times and atmospheres and are revealed by different poets, and their forms are also very different. The poem "Spring Hope" written by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "A leopard cannot change its spots, but a leopard cannot change its spots. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. " The thoughts and feelings of this poem are a typical example. To appreciate this poem, we must first understand its historical background. According to historical records, in June of the first year from Tang Suzong to Germany (AD 756), An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, the capital of Datang. In July of the same year, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, so he settled in Qiang Village of Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone, only to be captured by rebels on the way and taken to Chang 'an. The rebels saw Du Fu's humble position and didn't imprison him. In March of the following year, Du Fu had mixed feelings in the face of the destruction of the country and the displacement of the people, and wrote this well-known and enduring poem "Spring Hope". Some critics have commented that this poem is "full of meaning but not straight, the scenery is not free, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not mixed, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid". The first four sentences of the poem describe the dilapidated scene after the spring city chaos, full of sighs; The last four sentences are full of sadness because the poet misses his loved ones and has no news. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural. In particular, "after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." Because of the constant war and news isolation, the poet is eager to receive his long letter, which makes people sigh. And this urgent mood is exactly the same idea in people's hearts. So it is natural to cause * * * in people's minds.
In fact, China's ancient classic poems are full of strong, profound and sincere feelings. Du Fu's poems of "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" ("Three Officials" refers to "Shi Haoguan", "Xin 'an Official" and "Tongguan Official", and "Three Farewells" refers to "Newly Married", "Resignation" and "Homeless") are based on the poet's emotions and feelings. The poet hit the nail on the head by "mocking" and "satirizing" the bureaucratic ruling class; The "questioning" and "condemnation" of social injustice makes people seem to be able to hear the angry cry of the poet at that time! In addition, Nineteen Ancient Poems is known as "short words and long feelings". It is a masterpiece that touches readers with emotion; Yuefu in the Han Dynasty is known as the saying that "all people feel sorrow and joy, because of things". In other words, all creative subjects are emotional, highly targeted and ideological; Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden is known as "carefree". The poet skillfully integrated his life ideal and personality sentiment into the pastoral scenery while simply describing it. Li Bai's "Early Making Baidicheng" is known as "cheerful and cheerful". The poet expressed his happy mood after forgiveness with the grandeur of the countryside and the smoothness and lightness of sailing along the river. Meng Jiao's Ode to a Wandering Son is known as "Grateful Motherly Love", and it is the eternal swan song to praise motherly love. With clear language and fresh and simple brushwork, the poet outlined the scene of a loving mother sewing clothes for a wanderer, expressing the wanderer's deep homesickness. Cui Hu's South Village in the Capital is a lyric poem with sincere feelings. This poem originates from "door" and ends at "door". The poet skillfully takes "human face" and "peach blossom" as the main line, and expresses the author's inner world through the comparison of "last year" and "today" in the same place and scene, thus triggering the narrative of the story and the expression of emotion; Besides, He Zhu's Wild Goose Crossing Nagato is the poet's unforgettable memory of his dead wife. The poet described the memory of his dead wife in plain language, and the emotional expression of grief greatly enhanced the image and appeal of the work; Xin Qiji's "Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia" is the poet's strong desire and deep indignation for the great cause of national reunification. After the poet was transferred to Zhenjiang magistrate, he could no longer lead the troops to fight, gallop the battlefield and recover lost ground. However, the patriotic feelings in the poet's heart are still the same. He boarded Gubei Pavilion, looked back and looked back, and remembered the past, so he wrote this masterpiece that was sung through the ages. The whole poem is magnificent, sad and sad, emphasizing righteousness and affection, radiating the glory of the poet's patriotism; Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" is a poet who combines scenery writing with nostalgia to express his feelings, magnificent mountains and rivers, magnificent achievements, and arouse Su Shi's calm and vigorous thoughts and feelings. Shangcheng described the steep Red Cliff and rendered the atmosphere and momentum of the ancient battlefield. Xia Kun created the image of Zhou Yu and showed the poet's worship of historical heroes. Finally, use "return a bottle of the Yangtze River a month" to express your feelings. The whole poem has broad artistic conception, unrestrained feelings, vivid language, feeling in the scene and blending scenes; The word "Chai Feng Hong Crisp Hands" written by Lu You is a love tragedy written by Lu You. This poem describes the reunion of the poet and his original wife, Tang Wan, after divorce, expressing deep attachment and yearning for love, and also expressing the poet's unspeakable sadness and resentment ... All these famous classical poems are full of sincere feelings for the country, nation, society, relatives, friends, life, love and future, and the poet comes with strong thoughts and feelings. Liu Xizai, a famous literary theorist and linguist in the Qing Dynasty, said in the Outline of Poetry: "Poetry can be written for several years, and it cannot be untrue. "That's what I'm talking about.
China is a country of poetry. China is not only a big country, but also a kingdom of poetry. The classic poems created by China poets in past dynasties are the literary treasures and essence of the Chinese nation. However, in today's poetry world, there are more people writing poems than reading them. This is because most experts, scholars and poets in our country blindly admire western modernism, dig their brains to create shocking sentences and concoct incomprehensible images. There is neither pain nor joy in their poems. Therefore, this unhealthy trend has more or less affected the groups who create metrical poems, so that when they create metrical poems, they only pay attention to "worshiping foreign things and obsessing foreign things" or "circle effect", and their works have no real feelings, the content is calm, the language is false and blunt, adjectives and verbs are piled up and flooded, lacking artistic appeal. Especially in refining words, sentences and ideas, I am casual and happy.
"Passion makes a good sentence, and indignation makes a poet." Only by writing true, affectionate and infatuated metrical poems can we touch people's hearts and readers; Only in this way can we be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and set an example.
Note: This article was published in the 2nd issue of Changbai Mountain Poetry on March 5th, 20 13 (total issue 108).
On the Artistic Conception Construction of Metric Poetry
I have been engaged in the creation of metrical poems for many years, and it is difficult to grasp the problem of how to create the "artistic conception" of metrical poems. There is an ancient saying that "refining sentences is not as good as refining words, and refining words is not as good as refining meaning". Poetry values artistic conception, which shows the importance of "meaning" in poetry. Therefore, it can also prove that ancient poets attached importance to "artistic conception". So, what is artistic conception? Artistic conception refers to the artistic conception and realm expressed in literary and artistic works or natural scenery. It is the kind of image system in metrical poetry, characterized by the blending of scene and reality. As an advanced form of literary image, it is active in the charm and poetry of life rhythm and the aesthetic imagination space induced and developed.
Here, the author wants to borrow a story that has nothing to do with the topic of the paper to prove that the author must pay attention to the importance of creating artistic conception when creating metrical poems. Song Huizong Evonne is a gifted scholar, proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and an art emperor. When it comes to managing state affairs, he is not a good emperor; On literary and artistic achievements, he is a literary leader. He loved painting and calligraphy all his life, and he was deeply impressed by his unique views on poetry and painting. Once, he wanted to select an accomplished painter to accompany him in the palace, so he came up with a painting topic of "hiding ancient temples in the deep mountains" to test all painters in the world. Imperial edict, painters took the exam by imperial edict. To Song Huizong's surprise, there were some realistic answers on the recovered test paper: some drew an ancient temple halfway up the mountain, some drew it deep in the jungle, some only drew a corner of the ancient temple or a broken wall of the ancient temple ... Just when Song Huizong was disappointed, a painting attracted him deeply, and he named it "Champion" with a red pen. So where is this painting? In fact, the genius of this painting lies in the artist's ingenious conception of artistic conception. He dares to break away from convention, avoid painting in ancient temples, and concentrate on a "hidden" to compose a composition and create artistic conception. Please enjoy this painting: I saw the clear spring flowing down from the mountain, and the jumping beads splashed with jade. There was an elderly monk by the spring, who poured the spring water into the bucket one by one. In fact, the artistic conception of this painting lies in the old monk carrying water. Only he can express the topic of "ancient temples hidden in the mountains" implicitly and incisively. Imagine an elderly monk coming down the mountain to get water. The ancient temple must be in the deep mountains. You can't see it on the map. It says "Tibet". The painter chose the angle of the old monk to carry water down the mountain in order to make the picture implicit and stimulate readers' association. Like this painting with far-reaching artistic conception, it is strange not to win the championship. Closer to home, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" in the Yuan Dynasty: "Old Brawly is a faint crow, a small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " This is a masterpiece describing a wandering wanderer, which has been sung through the ages because of its lofty artistic conception. There are only twenty-eight words in this poem, but there are eleven images of "withered vines, old trees, faint crows, small bridges, flowing water, people, ancient roads, westerly winds, thin horses, sunset and heartbroken people". Seemingly disorganized, in fact, after careful arrangement and ingenious arrangement by the author, isolated scenes are processed and refined by artistic means, so that they are organically connected to form a picture. Faced with this situation, it is very sad. How can it not make people sad, how can it not make people heartache, how can it not make people heartache? It can be said that the scene is blended and the artistic conception is far away.
China's metrical poems have a long history and are profound. The reason why it can last forever is that people from all walks of life in China have loved and respected it. In addition to being attracted by the artistic charm of metrical poetry itself, the most fascinating thing is that its "artistic conception" can make people intoxicate and put it down. Zhu Chengjue, a book collector and engraver in the Ming Dynasty, recorded in Yu Tang Shi Hua: "The beauty of poetry lies in the perfection of artistic conception, except the sound, which is the true taste." Of course, in the long history of China, the most representative top masters who created the artistic conception of metrical poems are Li Bai's unrestrained, Du Fu's depressed and frustrated, Bai Juyi's simple and free and easy, Wang Wei's fresh and distant, Li Shangyin's lingering sadness, Gao Cen's majestic and tragic, Su Shi and Xin Qiji's heroic and magnificent, Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao's graceful and graceful beauty, and so on.
Indeed, the artistic conception is the product of the combination of subjective feelings and objective scenery expressed by the poet in the process of creating metrical poems, and makes it reach a seamless artistic realm. The creation of metrical poems is inseparable from images and artistic conception, because images refer to the breadth of aesthetics and artistic conception refers to the depth of aesthetics. Therefore, in the process of creating metrical poems, the images chosen by poets are only the first step and the basis of creating metrical poems, and the real purpose of achieving the artistic realm of metrical poems is to create harmony between meaning and context through the combination of images. I often hear experts, scholars and poets in the field of poetry talk about their personal experience in creating metrical poems, or say "touching the scene", or "poetry expresses ambition, and ambition is lofty", or "passion makes a good sentence, grief makes a poet". All these serve the "artistic conception" in poetry, so as to express their thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the artistic conception of metrical poetry is the natural fusion of the author's mood and feelings, the product of the unity of subject and object, and the combination of emotion and things. For example, Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou": "An old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " In the eyes of poet Li Bai, "Yellow Crane Tower, Fireworks, Lonely Sail and Yangtze River" are all images. When the poet combines these images, it becomes a vivid picture, integrating feelings and environment, and integrating scenes and reality. At this point, some people will say that the picture of "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou" outlined by the poet Li Bai seems intuitive, but on the surface, the poet Li Bai's reluctance to bid farewell to his friends is not visible. If readers savor it carefully, they will feel that the imagination space left by the poet Li Bai is: the solitary sail disappears, leaving only those who have been away from the rivers and seas for a long time and lost their feelings, how lonely and desolate they are in parting. Therefore, it expresses the poet Li Bai's deep affection for seeing his friends off. Another example is the conclusion in He Zhu's Jade Case that "Yichuan Tobacco, Wind in the City, Huang Meiyu". The poet He Zhu skillfully combined the three images of "grass, catkins and rain" into a whole, and artistically answered "How much leisure is there?" In fact, it is to express the political frustration of the poet He Zhu. Through these "leisure worries", they are expressed very elegantly in his poems. It can be said that the concept is novel and can arouse the infinite imagination of readers.
As the saying goes, "Time transcends poetry". In fact, this is the unique effect created by the artistic conception of metrical poetry. "The Complete Works of Poet Lu You's Selected Poems: A Draft of Jian Nan's Poems" (Volume 78) contains: Shizi, the poem says: "Poetry is a beginner, and you want to paint with flowers, but you will realize less in middle age and gradually become ambitious. Strange things happen occasionally, such as washing a raging wrasse with a stone. Counting the walls of Du Li, I often hate not understanding them. Bai Yuan leans against the door, while Wen Lizhen is self-defeating. It's a pen-end tripod, not samadhi. Poetry is one of the six arts, so why use money? If you want to learn poetry, kung fu is outside the poem. " What the poet Lu You wants to express is: Don't work hard on rhetoric, skills and forms, but should extensively dabble in life, broaden one's horizons, pay attention to the connotation and artistic conception of poetry, and integrate "material realm", "realm" and "poetic realm" and sublimate them to the best state. This is the real meaning of "Kung Fu is beyond poetry".
As early as the Tang Dynasty, some people divided the artistic conception of poetry into "three realms" and "three grids". Three realms, namely: material realm, inferior; Situation, medium; Excellent artistic conception. Three grids, namely: using things, for the next grid; Use gas, which is the medium; Superior intentions. The so-called "three realms" of metrical poetry: the first is the material realm. That is, the reality, the subordinate situation. The poet is only describing the scenery, with solid language, no image and no ethereal spirit. The second is the situation. That is to say, it feels in the middle. The poet put his body and mind into strong emotional experience and comprehensive images. In other words, the understanding and experience of objective things are transformed into personal feelings, which are written after brewing. The third is artistic conception. That is, the realm is superior. The poet melts the material environment and situation into his own consciousness and emotion and sublimates it to the best state.
In a word, artistic conception is the poet's personality and life. In the process of composing metrical poems, poets must explore the spiritual essence of "material environment", experience the true feelings of "situation" and create the selfless realm of "artistic conception". In other words, when writing metrical poems, we should pay attention to the creation of artistic conception and sublimate what we see, think and feel about the scenery to the highest level of selflessness. The metrical poem created in this way must be a perfect poem.
Note: This article was included in "Baidu Library" on May 9th, 20 13.