Paper Keywords: vocational psychology, vocational decision-making difficulties vocational students
Facing the severe employment pressure and competition, how to make career decisions suitable for their own career development under the influence of subjective and objective factors is an important topic for higher vocational students. It is the main task for higher vocational students and higher vocational colleges to solve the difficulties faced by higher vocational students in career decision-making and enhance their career decision-making ability.
With the steady development of market economy, the employment competition is becoming more and more fierce, and the employment pressure faced by higher vocational students is also increasing. In many cases, vocational college students often encounter or encounter various decision-making difficulties because their cognitive style and decision-making style are not very mature. This paper analyzes the causes of vocational college students' difficulties in career decision-making, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures in order to provide some theoretical basis for vocational guidance and consultation of vocational college students.
First, the concept of career decision-making difficulties analysis
Career decision-making is the leading part of career planning, and it is the process for individuals to make choices about all kinds of careers they may face, which directly determines the success of individual career planning. Gati and Osipow believe that career decision-making difficulties are various problems that individuals may encounter in the process of career decision-making. Krumboltz believes that the essence of career decision-making difficulties is the decision-making state caused by dissatisfaction with decision-making, or lack of career-related learning experience, or because individuals have not learned or applied a systematic method to make career decisions. Decision-making difficulties are the natural result of not learning some kind of learning experience. Long et al. define career decision-making difficulty as the difficulty that individuals do not know what occupation to engage in or choose one from several occupations when facing the final decision in the process of career choice. Through factor analysis, the difficulties of college students' career decision-making can be divided into five dimensions: self-evaluation ability, professional familiarity, social environment factors, job matching and social adaptability.
The typical manifestations of vocational college students' difficulties in career decision-making are: lack of reasonable understanding and positioning of career and self, lack of ability in career decision-making and career choice, lack of collection channels, and confusion in the face of various employment opportunities. When choosing a career, many students are hesitant and at a loss, unable to make a clear career decision, which causes a series of reactions such as anxiety and depression, and even dare not face the reality and the future.
Second, the analysis of factors that lead to difficulties in career decision-making of vocational college students
(A) Some vocational schools have not yet established a sound employment guidance mechanism.
Although most higher vocational colleges in China have employment guidance institutions, they are not professional enough, lack guidance for students, or the guidance is general and lack of pertinence, which leads to the lack of real and effective guidance for higher vocational students in career decision-making. Therefore, many higher vocational students feel helpless and sometimes even difficult in career decision-making.
(B) Vocational students have no career planning.
Higher vocational students' employment direction is unclear, their positioning is inaccurate, they are too arrogant and blindly compare, and they lack rational understanding of employment. In addition, many students in vocational colleges want to be in one step, so they will hesitate in the face of some unsatisfactory jobs. Although most vocational college students think that work may be wrong, in fact, vocational college students are often influenced by their majors when making career decisions.
Poor academic performance affects career choice.
Many higher vocational students enter higher vocational colleges under the banner of learning technology, and do not pay attention to theoretical study after entering school. As a result, most of them were a waste of time. Not only did they not learn the theoretical knowledge well, but they were also not skilled in related skills. Therefore, some jobs they want to go to have higher requirements, while others have lower requirements but don't want to go, which makes it difficult for vocational college students to make decisions.
(D) Vocational college students have a weak sense of choosing jobs.
Different people have different views on different occupations. Faced with these different information, higher vocational students will lose themselves and some established ideas or goals are uncertain.
Higher vocational students are uncertain about their own position, and sometimes they are in a confused and confused psychological state when they are employed. They want to keep up with the competition and strive for perfection, but they also have inferiority complex. Want to pursue a good enterprise with high salary, but lack enough confidence and courage to face the employer; I want to take the initiative to compete for my ideal career, but I am worried that the competition will fail and encounter setbacks; They not only oppose family interference in their employment, but also rely on their parents to find relationships, so they lack decision-making ability to some extent, which affects employment and job selection.
Third, measures to solve vocational students' career decision-making difficulties
(A) to strengthen the professional ethics education of higher vocational students
Professional ethics is a special expression of moral principles and norms in a certain society in professional behavior and professional relations, including basic requirements such as love and dedication, honesty and trustworthiness, and dedication to society. Some defects in vocational college students' professional ethics will affect their career decision-making and employability, so vocational colleges must undertake the great responsibility of cultivating professional ethics. For example, the dishonest behavior of vocational college students in the process of choosing jobs greatly reduces their image, interferes with the normal employment order, and then affects their career decisions. Therefore, higher vocational colleges should carry out professional ethics education to improve the employment competitiveness of college students. In order to enable higher vocational students to establish a correct outlook on life, values and career choices, they should overcome bad mentality such as quick success and instant benefit, impetuous mentality and fear of hardship and fatigue when making career decisions. Maintain a normal mind, abide by professional ethics, reduce the phenomenon of breaking contracts and jumping ship, and firmly establish a sense of integrity.
Professional values education is an activity to help students correctly understand, evaluate and choose professional values through certain means and methods according to their age characteristics, psychological characteristics and current social and professional development. Compared with ordinary colleges and universities, the employment pressure of higher vocational students is more severe. Therefore, higher vocational colleges can help higher vocational students deeply understand their professional value, clarify their career direction, and inspire them to make career choices and career development independently and economically. Professional values education can help students understand and evaluate their own values in the actual work process through classroom teaching, practice, social practice activities, special lectures and other ways and methods, thus helping students to form correct professional values through actual experience and reflection, and can also penetrate into the campus culture of higher vocational colleges.
(B) to strengthen vocational and employment guidance for higher vocational students.
The Ministry of Education has repeatedly requested that the construction of employment guidance teachers should be placed in an important position in the construction of college teachers, and efforts should be made to improve the professional quality and professional level of employment guidance teachers. Only by improving the quality level of vocational guidance personnel can vocational guidance personnel have a deeper understanding and understanding of the significance of vocational values education in the process of career choice, and urge vocational guidance personnel to strengthen the development and design of the contents, ways and methods of vocational values education in the process of vocational guidance education. Employment guidance teachers should not only have the skills needed by vocational guidance teachers, but also have the knowledge needed by mental health teachers; It is necessary to have both the experience of enterprise human resources and the profound knowledge of experts. Under the situation of continuous and in-depth integration of school-enterprise cooperation, it is a good direction to strengthen the introduction or invitation of enterprise human resource management experts and enrich the team of career counseling teachers.
Career guidance for higher vocational students should correctly handle the relationship between career guidance, career guidance and career guidance. Career counseling is a long-term and personal life development problem; Career guidance is short-term, limited to individuals facing career choices, or individuals encounter difficulties in job hunting or adaptation problems after employment; Employment guidance is a short-term promotion, mainly policies and regulations, job hunting skills. Career counseling focuses on development, career guidance focuses on solving problems, and employment guidance focuses on employment recommendation.
Higher vocational colleges should know that it is everyone's business to abuse a student's employment, which is a continuous process, so it is necessary to establish an employment guidance mechanism with full participation and full guidance. Employment guidance should include many aspects, in addition to the education of professional values, there are also employment guidance, career planning, career counseling, professional ethics education, etc., so it is not just a report to students, it is as simple as holding several meetings.
(3) Higher vocational students should change their concept of choosing jobs and enhance their professional awareness.
The economy is developing and the society is changing. In the face of stimulating competition, higher vocational students must enhance their professional awareness, change their concept of choosing jobs, make career decisions actively, and improve their cognitive ability, evaluation ability and choice ability. We should put ourselves in the real world for a new understanding and have a correct understanding and evaluation of ourselves, so that we can have an accurate positioning when making career decisions, instead of hitting a wall everywhere. Higher vocational students should reasonably design their careers and establish clear career goals during their college years. We should constantly build our own life blueprint, try to make multi-angle planning decisions, take our own career planning as a reference, constantly adjust our knowledge structure, exercise our ability to engage in career requirements in the future, and enhance the purpose of study and employment.
To improve the ability and quality of career decision-making, higher vocational students should have higher professional quality and reasonable knowledge structure, improve their practical ability of analyzing and solving problems, and lay a good foundation for promoting career decision-making. Secondly, we should improve the art of communication, be good at making friends with all kinds of people, establish close relations with classmates and other organizations and groups, obtain information from various channels, and create a relaxed external environment for career decision-making; Finally, we should be good at controlling our emotions, have strong self-control over setbacks and interference at work, and maintain a high degree of self-confidence.
(D) Vocational students should correctly handle all kinds of information obtained when making career decisions.
Higher vocational students need to combine their own personality, specialties and interests, correctly handle all kinds of information and guidance they encounter, consider their own actual situation, and make their career decisions enforceable, rather than simply imitating others' decisions. We should guide the parents of vocational college students to change their employment concept, combine family values with social needs, give more encouragement and support to vocational college students, and understand their career choices and decisions from the perspective of vocational college students, instead of imposing their own ideas on vocational college students, which will inevitably increase the difficulty of vocational college students' career decisions.
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