First, the meaning of "5S" activities
"5S": sorting (Seiri), correcting (Seiton), sweeping (Seiso), cleaning (Seikeetsu) and finishing (Shitsuke).
The abbreviations of these five words. Because the first letter of the romanization of these five words in Japanese is "S", it is called "5S" for short, and the activities of sorting out, rectifying, cleaning and literacy are called "5S" activities.
The "5S" activity originated in Japan and was widely implemented in Japanese enterprises, which was equivalent to the civilized production activities carried out by enterprises in China. The object of "5S" activity is the "environment" of the site. Considering the overall situation of the production site environment, practical plans and measures are formulated to realize standardized management. The core and essence of "5S" activities is literacy. Without the corresponding improvement of employees' literacy, it is difficult to carry out and adhere to the "5S" activities.
Second, the content of "5S" activities
(a) finishing
The first step to improve the production site is to separate the needed people, things and things from the unwanted people, things and things, and then deal with the unwanted people, things and things. Its main point is to classify all kinds of articles actually placed and stagnant at the production site, and distinguish between those needed and those not needed at the site; Secondly, we must resolutely clean up unnecessary items on the site, such as used materials, redundant semi-finished products, chips, leftovers, garbage, waste products, redundant tools, scrapped equipment, workers' personal daily necessities, etc. The focus of this work is to resolutely clean up unnecessary things at the scene. The front and rear of each station or equipment in the workshop, the left and right of the passage, the up and down of the workshop, the inside and outside of the toolbox and the dead corner of the workshop should be thoroughly searched and cleaned to make the best use of everything. Resolutely doing this step is the beginning of establishing a good style of work. Some Japanese companies put forward the slogan: efficiency and safety begin with the end!
The purpose of finishing is:
① Improve and increase the working area;
(2) There is no sundries on the site, the streets are unobstructed, and the work efficiency is improved;
(3) reduce collision opportunities, ensure safety and improve quality;
(4) Put an end to management mistakes such as mixed loading and mixed loading;
⑤ It is beneficial to reduce inventory and save money;
⑥ Change working style and improve working mood.
(2) rectification
Quantify and locate the people, things and things needed. After the completion of the previous step, scientifically and reasonably arrange and place the items that need to be left at the production site, obtain the required items as quickly as possible, and complete the operation under the most effective rules and regulations and the simplest process.
The main points of this rectification activity are:
(1) Items should be placed in a fixed place and area, so as to find and eliminate errors caused by confusion.
(2) Articles should be placed in a scientific and reasonable place. For example, according to the frequency of use of items, things that are often used should be placed nearby (such as the work area), and things that are occasionally used or not commonly used should be placed far away (such as concentrated in a certain place in the workshop);
(3) Visualize the placement of items, so that the quantitative loaded items can be counted in a few days, and the areas where different items are placed are distinguished with different colors and marks.
(4) The reasonable placement of articles on the production site is conducive to improving work efficiency and product quality and ensuring production safety. This work has developed into a special field management method-fixed location management (its content will be further introduced in the third section).
(3) Cleaning
Clean the workplace, repair the equipment immediately if it is abnormal, and make it return to normal. Dust, oil, iron filings, garbage, etc. Will be produced in the production process of the production site, thus making the site dirty. Dirty scene will reduce the accuracy of equipment, cause frequent failures, affect product quality, and prevent safety accidents; Dirty scenes will affect people's working mood and make people unwilling to stay for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to remove those dirt through cleaning activities and create a bright and comfortable working environment.
The main points of cleaning activities are:
(1) Articles for your own use, such as equipment and tools. Clean yourself, don't rely on others, and don't add special cleaners;
(2) Equipment cleaning, focusing on equipment maintenance. Cleaning equipment should be combined with spot inspection of equipment, that is, spot inspection; Cleaning equipment should be lubricated at the same time, and cleaning is also maintenance;
③ Cleaning is also for improvement. When cleaning the ground, flying debris and oil-water leakage are found. It is necessary to find out the reasons and take measures to improve them.
(4) cleanliness
After sorting, rectifying and cleaning, it should be carefully maintained to keep the site in perfect and best condition. Cleaning is the persistence and deepening of the first three activities, thus eliminating the root causes of safety accidents. Create a good working environment and let employees work happily.
The main points of cleaning activities are:
(1) The workshop environment should not only be neat, but also clean and hygienic, so as to ensure the health of workers and improve their labor enthusiasm;
(2) Not only the goods should be clean, but also the workers themselves should be clean, such as clean work clothes, neat instruments, timely haircut, shaving, manicure and bathing. ;
③ Workers should not only be physically clean, but also mentally "clean", be polite and respect others;
(4) Protect the environment from pollution, further eliminate turbid air, dust, noise and pollution sources, and eliminate occupational diseases.
(5) Literacy
Literacy means education. It is the core of "5S" activity to improve the quality of employees and form the habit and style of strictly observing rules and regulations. Without the improvement of personnel quality, all activities can not be carried out smoothly and can not be adhered to. Therefore, to grasp the "5S" activities, we should always focus on improving people's quality.
Iii. Principles of "5S" activities
(A) the principle of self-management
A good working environment cannot be created only by adding equipment, nor can others be expected to create it. We should fully rely on the on-site personnel, who should create a neat, clean, convenient and safe working environment for themselves, so that they can transform their subjective world while transforming the objective world, create a sense of beauty, and cultivate the atmosphere and habits of obeying rules and disciplines and strict requirements required by modern mass production. Because it is the result of self-creation, it is easy to maintain and persist.
(2) The principle of running a factory with diligence and thrift
To carry out "5S" activities, a lot of useless things should be cleared up at the production site, some of which are just useless at the site, but can be used in other places; Although some of them are wastes, they should be used in the spirit of flexible use of wastes and turning waste into treasure. If it needs to be scrapped, it should be handled according to the scrapping procedure, and its "residual value" should be recovered. Don't just treat them "happily" for a while and throw them away like garbage. The "black sheep" style of extravagance and waste, regardless of enterprise property, should be stopped in time, criticized and educated, and appropriate punishment should be given if the circumstances are serious.
(3) the principle of perseverance
The "5S" activity is relatively easy to carry out, and it can be vigorous and achieve obvious results in a short time, but it is not easy to persist, persevere and constantly optimize. Many enterprises are too tight, loose, collapsed and repeated. Therefore, it is very important to carry out "5S" activities. Enterprises should stick to this activity, first of all, put the "5S" activity into the post responsibility system, so that each department and personnel have clear post responsibilities and work standards; Secondly, strictly and conscientiously do a good job in inspection, appraisal and assessment, and link the assessment results with the economic interests of various departments and personnel; Third, stick to PDCA cycle and constantly improve the "5S" level on site, that is, constantly find and solve problems through inspection. Therefore, after the inspection and evaluation, we must also put forward improvement measures and plans for the existing problems, so that the "5S" activities can be carried out continuously.