In our daily study, work and life, everyone will be more or less exposed to papers. There are many types of papers, including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on. Still at a loss for the paper? The following is the introduction of punctuation marks in the references in the papers I collected for you for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.
The punctuation in the references in this paper is 1 (1) Chinese punctuation+full angle: the punctuation entered at this time is like this. : 1- (I didn't find any keys for input/symbols at this time), that is to say, these symbols must not appear in the "reference";
(2) Chinese punctuation+half angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this. : 1- (I haven't found any keys for input/symbols at this time), which means that these symbols can't appear in the "reference";
There are no spaces between the symbols listed above. Can you see the difference between them? I think it's just-the width is a little different, and everything else is the same.
(3) English punctuation+full angle: the punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/
(4) English punctuation+half angle: The punctuation entered at this time is like this. : [ 1]-/
It is obvious from these two items that half-width and full-width are actually the largest. The difference is that they occupy different widths, which is most obvious for numbers, while English punctuation marks are obviously much smaller than Chinese punctuation marks (probably because the function of English punctuation marks is not as complicated as Chinese, that is to say, the ability of English punctuation marks is not as powerful as Chinese).
Therefore, when writing "references", many people always feel that it is unclear to use English punctuation+half angle, and the spacing is too small. Actually, don't worry about this at all If you think it is too small to look good, use English punctuation+full angle. You can also add a space after punctuation. , but make sure that all items have the same number of spaces. After [1], there is usually a space.
More detailed contents can be downloaded from the attachment to the national standard GB/T 77 14-2005. But it's long and annoying. Be patient.
For English references, we should also pay attention to the following two points:
① The author's name adopts the principle of "surname comes first, surname comes last", and the specific format is: surname, initials. For example, Malcolm Richard Cowley should be Cowley, M.R. If there are two authors, the way of the first author remains the same. &; After that, the first letter of the second author's first name is put in front, and the last name is put behind. For example, Frank Norris and Owen Gordon should be: Norris, F.&; Mr Gordon
(2) Titles of books and newspapers are in italics, such as Mastering English Literature and English Weekly.
Introduction of punctuation marks in references in the paper II. The symbols used in the description of the reference list are as follows:
(Bottom point) Used for title item, title item of precipitated document, other person in charge, other person in charge of precipitated document, version item, publication item, source item, "announcement date or publication date" item of patent document, acquisition and access path, and publication year in the author-publication year system. A "."can be used at the end of each document.
: (colon) used for other title information, publishing house, citation page number, precipitation document page number, and before the country where the patent belongs.
(comma) used before the person in charge of the same job, such as "etc" or "translation", the year of publication, the year or volume of the periodical, the patent number and the number of scientific and technological reports.
; (semicolon) is used before the annual issuance mark and page number of subsequent periodicals and the joint name of the same person in charge.
∨ (double backslash) is used before the precipitation of literature source items in monographs.
() (Parentheses) are used in periodical annual marks, such as issue number, newspaper version, date of update or revision of electronic documents and non-Gregorian years.
[] (square brackets) are used for document serial number, document type mark, reference date of electronic document and self-made information.
/(single backslash) is used between issue numbers and before document carrier marks.
-(start-stop number) is used between the start-stop serial number and the start-stop page number.
Two, the type of literature, electronic literature carrier and its logo code.
Document types are marked with letters, and the document types/and marking codes are: general books /M, conference proceedings /C, compilation /G, newspapers /N, periodicals /J, dissertations /D, reports /R, standards /S, patents /P, databases /DB, computer programs /CP and electronic bulletin /EB. The carrier and identification code of electronic files are: magnetic tape /MT (magnetic tape), magnetic disk /DK (magnetic disk), optical disk /CD (optical disk) and online network /OL (online). In the description format of most medical journal references in China, the identification codes of documents and electronic document carriers are added after the titles.
;