There is no objective evaluation standard for this, because the paper is theoretical and the application is patent. There is no distinction between invention and utility model in American patents, and they all have to go through substantive examination. The difficulty and time of patent examination are longer than those in China, which requires professional patent firms to handle. I feel that the degree of effort to obtain an American patent is not much different from that of publishing a high-level SCI, and the difficulty and gold content are still quite large. The most important thing is that the cost of American patents from application to approval is very high, and it is very likely that they will not be approved in the end, and the investment will be wasted and the risk will be considerable.