Education is a master of shaping people and plays an important role in human and social progress. The education level of a country will directly affect its development level.

Although our education has made great achievements, the feudal system for thousands of years has exerted a subtle and far-reaching influence on our education. Since the 1980s, the long-term implementation of exam-oriented education has intensified the competition for further studies, resulting in the heavy learning burden of primary and secondary school students and the decline of students' comprehensive quality. Primary and secondary education in some places has gone astray. Although the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education is put forward, exam-oriented education still depends on the inertia of society and people. The above situation has become a * * * problem in education and the focus of the whole society. Therefore, how to reduce students' burden and implement quality education has become one of the practical problems to be solved urgently in current education.

Below, the author expresses some superficial views and suggestions on this phenomenon and discusses with you. Please correct the mistake.

Various manifestations and consequences of students' excessive learning burden

At present, there are countless phenomena that primary and secondary school students are overburdened. The main performance is overtime. If some schools increase the class hours without authorization, the number of class hours per day exceeds the number of class hours stipulated in the education syllabus; Some schools have classes on sundays, winter and summer vacations; Some schools and grades do not have physical education class, morning exercises and recess exercises; Many school labor classes exist in name only; Some teachers and parents leave a lot of homework for their students after school and during holidays ... Under this heavy load, primary and secondary school students (especially middle school students) have almost become robots to eat books, doing mechanical movements between classrooms, dining tables and beds all the year round. Some students had to hide in the bathroom and peek at extra-curricular books, which became the only place where they were free and interested.

This kind of "read-only" education marginalizes moral education, and makes the quality education of teenagers' excellent moral character, sound personality, sense of responsibility, labor consciousness, creativity, psychological endurance, environmental adaptability and social morality ignored and implemented. Heavy professional work makes school leaders and teachers have no time to take care of students' humanistic education, and it is difficult to design our education for students' lifelong happiness. It is difficult to embody the humanistic education of "fraternity, diligence, honesty and kindness". In order to get high marks, people "adulterate" in the college entrance examination and various exams, which affects the cultivation of honesty and morality. At present, the mental outlook and moral quality of teenagers need to be improved.

This closed education leads students to learn mechanically and passively. After going to school for more than ten years, he is probably a dogmatic person. On the other hand, if we implement open education, let students participate in various beneficial activities, train multi-dimensional thinking, cultivate various abilities, create conditions for students to develop according to their own wishes, and let students' subjective initiative accompany the whole process of learning, so that students may not be so disciplined, but they may be good at thinking, independent, innovative, challenging themselves and dare to try.

Many difficult and intense studies, some students can't keep up. Due to the ranking and publication of test scores, the privacy of students' test scores is not guaranteed, and the underachievers are exposed many times, which makes their psychological burden heavier, their self-esteem frustrated, and even give up on themselves, which seriously affects the mental health of these students, causes premature or serious polarization, affects and restricts the cultivation of talents, and also violates the requirements of nine-year compulsory education.

Under the heavy study load, many students are in poor health: for example, myopia is everywhere; Some schools and classes even spread infectious diseases; Students' physical development disorders, such as ten-hour classes and no rest days for self-study in some places, lead to students' spinal curvature and cervical hyperosteogeny; There are also many people who are neurasthenia, baldness and mental illness; Due to the pressure of study and further study, some students even committed suicide. The deterioration of students' physique will affect their physical condition all their lives. The decline of the overall quality of teenagers will inevitably affect the improvement of the quality of the whole nation, and the negative impact on the future society must not be underestimated.

In recent years, China's college entrance examination questions have gradually developed into ability-based, understanding-based and creative deduction, which shows that we must cultivate ability-based students, and students with high scores and low abilities will become less and less suitable for ability-based examinations.

The heavy learning burden of students leads to the decline of learning efficiency, which in turn leads to the increase of learning burden, forming a "strange circle" of bad cycle.

It is urgent to reduce students' excessive study burden. It is very necessary to change the old educational model and greatly reduce the students' heavy learning burden, mainly because:

First of all, today is the era of knowledge economy dominated by high technology. China's transformation from agricultural economy to industrial economy has not been completed, and it is facing the challenge of knowledge economy. The implementation of reform, opening up and market economy, coupled with the turmoil in the international situation, will be beaten if it falls behind. National prosperity and national rejuvenation need high-quality and diversified talents, and education will play an unprecedented key role. Therefore, we require students not only to have high cultural accomplishment, but also to have excellent qualities such as patriotism, love for the collective, integrity, honesty, diligence, decency, wit, firmness and frankness, and to master certain basic professional skills needed by society. Bookworms will fall behind, and exam-oriented education has lagged behind the development of the situation.

Secondly, the diversified development of personality will become the main goal of future education reform. Cultivating young students' distinctive personality and making their personality develop in an all-round and harmonious way is the new trend of education reform in the world today, and it is also the inevitable development trend of China's transformation from exam-oriented education to quality education.

Thirdly, it is very important for young students to have a healthy body. They should have basic sports knowledge, scientific exercise methods, exercise consciousness and behavior, and have a healthy body and a standard body. And all this, without the influence of physical exercise and physical labor and natural beauty, is very difficult to work. Moreover, teachers have been under intense work and psychological pressure for a long time, not only have no time to improve their own quality, but also their physical quality has declined, and their average life expectancy is worrying.

Fourth, young students are young, generally have poor self-control, lack of endurance, and are immature in all aspects. Physiologically speaking, teenagers belong to the specific operation period and perception period, abstract thinking and rational understanding are still in the embryonic stage, and the cultivation of various habits has the characteristics of fluctuation and variability, just like fragile buds, which need careful care. During this period, if their study burden is too heavy, it may make them unbearable and easy to form rebellious psychology. From then on, if you are tired of learning, you will be devastated, causing lifelong regret and premature death of talents. Young students have a strong thirst for knowledge and wide interests. A stone can arouse his infinite reverie and feel infinite happiness. It's cruel to keep them in school all day, and their nature and aura will be erased.

Fifth, developing intelligence is the key strategic goal of quality education. Increasing students' homework, repeated countless times, may increase study time and improve academic performance, but it is easy to produce high scores and low energy, and can only achieve one-sided short-term results. Based on the all-round development of people in the future, we will devote ourselves to intellectual development and fully tap the inherent potential and ability of students, which will show more and more success in the future and benefit students for life. This method pursues the long-term effect of education.

The main reasons and countermeasures of students' heavy learning burden

One of the reasons is that "exam-oriented education" does not conform to the overall goal of running a school, which leads to the general phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of further studies.

Due to the function of "examination score system", the view of "score priority" is dominant. Schools, classes and students are ranked according to their grades, which causes some schools and teachers to make mistakes in their sense of competition, thus blindly increasing the study dose and increasing the physical and mental burden of teachers and students without considering the students' affordability.

Countermeasures:

(1) First of all, we must establish the correct direction of running a school. China's basic education and compulsory education are legal, both of which strive to make all students meet the basic requirements stipulated in the syllabus and deliver talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor for the society and higher-level schools. Most of the educated who graduated from middle school will directly find jobs and become the main body of society, which is the majority and must not be ignored. We want Dont Ask For Help people to receive higher education, but we want everyone to succeed. Therefore, should we adjust and optimize the current moral, intellectual, physical and artistic education in an orderly manner, focus on classroom teaching, organize students to carry out various beneficial extracurricular activities, and let them learn a variety of skills in a relaxed, free and colorful environment, so as to learn more social knowledge and basic skills in social work and better shape themselves.

(2) China's college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination system is an effective way to select talents, but I think some aspects need to be further improved. For example, the examination proposition should be further scientific and reasonable, which should not only make it obviously selective, but also reflect the basic requirements of quality education in order to play a baton role in teaching. If the exam is out of touch with the teaching materials (for example, this year's "New Textbook Volume of Mathematics and Science for College Entrance Examination in 2003" has a large number of questions and is difficult), it will bring confusion to teaching and students. Whether the test questions of middle, high, middle and low grades are as appropriate as possible, and whether the frequency distribution of test scores is reasonable, so that students can truly reflect their ability and level through the exam. The current "one size fits all" is caused by excluding other factors. Should it gradually develop into a new mechanism of "unified examination, comprehensive assessment, comprehensive balance and merit-based recruitment"? It is a gratifying start to implement independent enrollment nationwide this year and its achievements.

(3) It is necessary to improve the current teaching evaluation system, gradually abandon the practice of ranking, and gradually improve the practice of over-grading, such as trying out the "five-point system". The standard to measure the level of teachers and students depends not only on scores, but also on their qualities and abilities in all aspects. Encourage students to be masters of learning, not slaves of grades. Establish the purpose of "emphasizing ability and all-round development", formulate all-round and multi-level student assessment standards including scores, and make a comprehensive and objective evaluation.

The second reason is that the old traditional concept of teaching students cultural knowledge has caused the drift of teaching ideas.

Due to the influence of feudal education, the stale ideas such as "the dignity of teaching" have not been eliminated for a long time; Teaching basic knowledge is almost the only teaching method.

In view of this situation:

First, whether we should first correct the course of teaching guiding ideology, from "teaching cultural knowledge" at a lower level to "enabling students to acquire knowledge" at a higher level. Does the teaching concept of cultivating ability mainly include the following three aspects: first, to cultivate students' creative ability; Second, cultivate students' self-study ability of lifelong benefit; Third, we should cultivate students' multiple thinking abilities.

Second, because the deviation of teaching ideas equals the quality of educators, we should put improving the quality of educators in the first place.

Educators are the foundation of educational reform and development, and the quality of educators fundamentally determines the level of education and the quality of educatees. Educational leaders are decision makers in teaching, and their quality is even more important. I think they should have correct teaching guiding ideology and comprehensive and correct teacher evaluation criteria. Because some people mistakenly think that the teachers who implement the sea tactics are diligent gardeners with correct working attitude and strong sense of responsibility, and some teachers just use diligence to reflect their working attitude. This is really too one-sided. There are two criteria to evaluate a teacher's level: one is to look at the ability and achievements of the students he teaches, and the other is the energy and time that teachers and students spend to achieve the above achievements. A quality teacher is really the kind of teacher who teaches students well and doesn't take up their spare time.

The proposal of quality education is no longer the ability of "nerd" teachers, but needs a large number of affectionate, interesting and versatile teachers to influence the shaping of students' personality with their good teacher image and create a clean and harmonious environment for students' growth. As Soviet educators once pointed out: Only teachers with spirit and noble morality can respect and cultivate students' personality.

Thirdly, it is suggested that the leading department take practical measures to control the class size, prevent overtime work and limit the daily homework. In the absence of keeping up with the thinking, we should use party discipline, political discipline and even formulate relevant laws to restrain this issue and raise it to the height of protecting students' human rights.

The third reason is due to incorrect teaching methods.

Incorrect teaching methods, the most typical performance is the traditional teaching methods of cramming and cramming that do not pay attention to students' intellectual development, and the traditional thought of "practice makes perfect", which leads to the increase of sea tactics and homework burden; At present, some places only pay attention to the quantity of homework, but not to the quality of homework, which consumes a lot of energy for students and gets twice the result with half the effort; Do not attach importance to emotional education, practice "the dignity of teachers", satirize and dig at students, and even punish students. Most teachers and parents who beat and scold their students call themselves "loving" and "hating iron does not produce steel". In fact, love and abuse are out of the question.

Teaching method is a scientific and complicated system engineering.

First, it is suggested to change the traditional and backward teaching methods and adopt vivid and flexible teaching methods such as scientificity, artistry and variability.

It is suggested that we should focus on stimulating and cultivating students' creativity, ideological morality and personality quality, and create a democratic, harmonious, active and lively teaching atmosphere. In classroom teaching, to establish students' dominant position, teachers are directors and students are actors. Students focus on self-study, and teachers can master the waiting time, reveal the knowledge points and their connotations in the most popular and concise language, make the finishing point and achieve the best teaching efficiency in one go. If teachers make great efforts to cultivate and stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning, students can basically form an atmosphere of independent thinking and conscious study hard, and they can better complete their learning tasks in class, so there is no need to assign a lot of homework and make up lessons.

Secondly, it is suggested that teaching should be limited to students' acceptance ability and level. The "harmonious education" law represented by Suhomlinski in the former Soviet Union is worth learning. Oppose the implementation of "sea of people tactics." Correct the relationship between job quality and quantity. The homework scale indicates the number of homework, the time consumed by students and the labor intensity of homework borne by students' body and physiology; The quality of homework is reflected in the labor intensity of homework undertaken by students' intelligence and psychology Should we attach great importance to the connotation of homework, that is, the quality of homework? According to the specific situation of each subject, assign less homework and don't assign it. With flexible and colorful homework forms, students can understand and reveal the connotation of knowledge, stimulate their interest in learning, activate their thinking, and effectively cultivate their attention and creativity, thus mobilizing and tapping the enthusiasm and potential of the vast majority of students.

Thirdly, it is suggested to take teaching materials as the main line and give full play to the auxiliary role of reference books. It is helpful for teachers to recommend or students to choose reference books as a supplement and training of textbook knowledge. However, there are many kinds of reference materials at present. Nowadays, a lot of materials are pirated, and there are many mistakes, which have caused unnecessary energy consumption for students. These "bookrats" are for the purpose of profit, and they sell by hook or by crook, so some people have made a fortune. Reference books should adopt the principle of "fewer but better", select the best and give students the initiative. Teachers should make a detailed analysis and research on the examination questions of college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination over the years to understand the depth and width of knowledge, so as to guide and help students choose suitable and appropriate reference books.

Fourthly, it is suggested to adopt and popularize the method of emotional education. The "non-directive teaching mode" advocated by American psychologist Rogers, that is, starting from the new teacher-student relationship and interpersonal relationship, taking the realization of sincerity, acceptance and understanding in interpersonal relationship as the necessary and sufficient conditions for teaching, and trying to make students take positive emotions as the driving force to promote serious study in a positive, liberated and free state, is worth learning. Happiness and pleasure are the most important and common positive emotions of human beings, and they are also the most valuable emotions. By improving teaching methods, improving the relationship between teachers and students, stimulating students' interest in learning, and increasing students' direct feelings about nature, society and people, students have made contributions to the success of learning and experienced the happiness of success, which will break the vicious circle between negative emotions and learning disabilities, straighten out the relationship between emotions, emotions and cognition, and make teachers and students respect each other, connect with each other and blend emotions, so as to achieve emotional vibration and enter the free kingdom of teaching and learning together. This is a powerful guarantee to stimulate students' learning motivation. Therefore, it is our future direction to abandon temporary effective education such as "preaching", "discipline" and "corporal punishment" and implement emotional education that "takes emotion as an important field of human development and regulates people's emotions, emotional mechanisms and psychological potential". Because the success or failure of all educational activities stems from students' conscious internalization activities.

The fourth reason is the pressure from society and family.

Because of the current social competition and employment difficulties, many parents put all their expectations or bets on their children going to college. They are eager for their children's success in life and hate iron for not turning into steel. Some parents want their children to study 24 hours a day. Extracurricular books and TV are not allowed, and housework is not allowed. Children's time at home is fully arranged by their parents, and children don't even have time to catch their breath. Individual students are even physically and mentally abused by ignorant parents, resulting in mental trauma or premature death.

A considerable number of parents also regard homework burden as a necessity for their children to become talents or go to college, and mistakenly believe that increasing study time and homework burden are synchronized with the responsibilities of schools and teachers. In this way, the pressure of society and family rebounded in the education circle, causing a chain reaction and spreading incorrect teaching ideas and methods.

This phenomenon poses a serious problem for us: we must improve the cultural literacy of parents and even the whole nation as soon as possible;

First, the relationship between children and parents is based on blood relationship, which is the deepest and most lasting relationship that affects students' personality. Therefore, it is very important to create a democratic, equal, healthy, optimistic, relaxed and colorful family environment, help children gradually establish a correct view of right and wrong and labor, make children form a good habit of autonomous learning on the basis of self-care, and let them have a space and time they can arrange. Parents should help their children to understand the purpose and direction of learning, abandon the wrong concept that "further education is the only way", and strive to cultivate their children into socially useful talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.

Secondly, it is suggested to set up some parent schools to improve the quality of parents. Family education should stress science, follow the principles of pedagogy and physiology, arrange children's spare time scientifically and use their brains scientifically. Practice has proved that learning time and learning effect are not directly proportional. In addition, the potential of the human brain must be scientifically regulated before it can be fully developed and utilized. If the cerebral cortex is in a state of tension all day, it is easy to be extremely tired, and the memory of the light person declines, and the severe person is neurasthenia. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate scientific use of the brain and "relax one by one". According to the golden section, teenagers should sleep for nine hours every day. If children can control freely in their spare time, or study, or exercise, or rest ... In the long run, they will have the idea of being masters of their own house, their enthusiasm for learning will be fully exerted, and they will always maintain a happy and optimistic positive mood, and the cerebral cortex will be in the best acceptance state, thus receiving the ideal effect.

Third, it is suggested that the horizontal connection between family and school should be strengthened, and all parties should cooperate closely so that the whole society can work together to form a joint force. Education is a big concept, not only to create a good teaching environment for students, but also to form a healthy and upward social and family environment. If schools, families and society can educate students with a clear direction, keep pace and cooperate with each other, we will certainly raise quality education to a new level.