Academic papers should have the following four characteristics:
? First of all, it is scientific.
The scientific nature of academic papers requires the author not to be influenced by personal likes and dislikes, and not to make subjective assumptions. He must proceed from objective reality and draw practical conclusions. In terms of arguments, we should grasp as much information as possible and take the most sufficient and conclusive arguments as the basis of arguments. When demonstrating, we must go through careful thinking and conduct rigorous argumentation. Objectivity of content: the content of the paper must be objective facts, that is, it requires the scientific content to be true, mature, feasible and repeatable. Comprehensiveness of expression: the scientific content of the paper must be expressed in language, words or pictures, and the words should be concise, clear and comprehensive. Logic of structure: The scientific content expressed in the structure of the article must conform to the laws of thinking such as logical reasoning, argumentation and refutation, and be logical. Standardization of format: the format of paper writing has been gradually standardized, and its rules must be strictly observed.
Second, creativity.
Scientific research is the exploration of new knowledge. Innovation is the life of scientific research. The creativity of academic papers lies in that the author should have his own unique viewpoints and be able to put forward new viewpoints and theories. Therefore, without creativity, academic papers have no scientific value. Creativity is the fundamental criterion to measure the value of academic papers. Great creativity and high paper value; On the contrary, the paper is of low value. The so-called creativity here refers to the new theory, new method, new technology or creative imitation that the world has not talked about in the paper. An article without originality may have certain social and economic value, but it is useless to the development of science and technology and cannot provide new content in the field of science and technology. Some scientific and technological achievements have filled the gap in China, but they already exist abroad, so strictly speaking, they should be uncreative. ?
Third, in theory.
Academic papers are argumentative in form, but they are different from ordinary argumentative papers. It must have its own theoretical system, not just a list of materials. To raise perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, we need to analyze and study a large number of facts and materials. Generally speaking, academic papers are argumentative or argumentative. The content of the paper must conform to historical materialism and materialist dialectics, and to the scientific research methods of "seeking truth from facts", "aiming at the target" and "analyzing and synthesizing". Academic or theoretical? Academic papers can be based on a specific product or an abstract theory.
Fourth, it is easy.
It means to express scientific truth in plain language, not only literally, but also accurately, vividly, harmoniously and vividly. ?
Topic selection is of great significance in academic paper writing. This is because only by studying meaningful topics can we get good results and benefit the scientific cause and real life; And a meaningless research, no matter how well researched and beautifully written, has no scientific value.
In the method of topic selection, we should pay attention to the following points:
Before deciding the first topic, you should consult the literature.
The purpose is to understand the research history and present situation of this discipline, and to clarify what research has been carried out in the past and what achievements have been made; Understand the research status of this subject, so as to find out what degree the research has reached at this stage and what problems have not been solved. To this end, we should go to the library to consult the newspaper catalogue index, special subject catalogue index, yearbook and other related reference books. In addition, we need to make a file directory card. This card can be written year after year, starting with the newly published literature survey. The way to write a card is to write down the author, book title, magazine name and page number. If it is a separate book, the publishing unit should be written, and the newspaper should write the date of issue.
Second, choose topics with academic value.
The research value of the subject lies in two aspects: practical application value and scientific theory value. It is necessary to find out whether the subject you want to study has been studied before, what is the research result, what is the conclusion, what needs to be supplemented or revised, and whether there are any remaining problems that need further study. From a large number of documents, you can see the "end point" of your research topic and find the "starting point" of the topic. Avoid "crash" and repeat other people's scientific research work, get twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, for topics that have been studied, you should focus on "new" to have a foothold; There is little reference for topics that no one or few people have studied. As long as the viewpoint is correct and the argument is conclusive, it can have theoretical significance in academic circles and practical significance in practical work. Try to choose the major problems of this discipline, that is, the problems that are generally concerned, thought, controversial and urgently needed to be solved. Don't choose the questions that the teacher explained in class and have been clearly written in the book.
Third, we should choose subjects with moderate difficulty.
The topic is too big, which is often difficult to write deeply, vaguely or time-consuming. If you choose a topic hastily, there is no possibility of realization at all, and the topic selection is equal to zero. Therefore, first determine a general direction and gradually narrow and concretize the scope of the topic. If we want to study China ancient literature, we need to further determine the period, which is pre-Qin literature, Tang and Song literature or Yuan, Ming and Qing literature? We should further consider what problems of literature in this period, a literary movement, a writer and works, or a certain aspect of a writer and works. If the topic is set smaller, the discussion will be easier to be focused and profound, and if you look at the big one, you will be able to write a better paper.
We should combine our own knowledge structure, promote "long" and avoid "short", and strive to match our major, so that we can have a certain basic knowledge of the research content and give full play to our talents. At the same time, we should combine our hobbies and choose topics we are familiar with, so as to be enthusiastic, well prepared, deeply experienced and easy to write.