The reference is a doctoral thesis.

References are not necessarily required to be doctoral dissertations, but there are certain requirements for references. Students had better write according to the standard.

There are generally no less than 40 references for master's degree thesis, including no less than 20 foreign documents. The number of references for doctoral dissertations should generally be no less than 100, among which foreign literature should generally be no less than1/2 of the total; The number of references in the last five years should generally be no less than 0/3 of the total number of 65438+, and there should be references in the last two years.

There are more than 10 references for undergraduate graduation design, including more than 2 foreign documents (papers identified as special types by tutors may not be listed as foreign documents). References must be publicly published (including online downloads) works or periodicals (papers), uniformly placed at the end of the article, naturally numbered with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the article, and surrounded by square brackets.

Are the more references, the better, and how many are appropriate?

Some people think that the more references cited, the more the author pays attention to the citation problem and respects the achievements of other authors. Others say that the more references cited, the more water in the article, which means that it is pieced together from the cited documents. In fact, these are unreasonable, just moderate, and can explain their own problems.

For a special case, such as review, many documents are cited, right? Can you say that there are many people and water? The reverse is also true, and it is impossible to summarize and cite all the documents. Moreover, there is a problem with the latter statement: how to piece together the discussion part of the result?

What is the general number of references for papers?

Generally speaking, there is no limit to the number of articles, especially how many periodicals you want to read on your topic. There is no requirement. The requirement of this question is not the number of articles, but other aspects:

1. Have you read the classic literature of your major, especially some classic summary articles? You must read them and of course quote them.

Have you read the latest literature of your major? You'd better read the literature in the last five years before writing an article.

Have you read the articles published in the journals you contributed? It is recommended to quote one or two articles.

When writing a paper, you can't expect to have any documents on hand, and it doesn't count if you don't, because academic development is not determined by whether we know or not, so we must find documents.

At present, the number of references for doctoral, master's and undergraduate dissertations is generally required:

The number of references for doctoral dissertations should generally be no less than 100, among which foreign literature should generally be no less than1/2 of the total; There are generally no less than 40 references for master's degree thesis, including no less than 20 foreign documents. The number of references in the last five years should generally be no less than 0/3 of the total number of 65438+, and there should be references in the last two years.

There are more than 10 references for undergraduate graduation design, including more than 2 foreign language references (papers identified as special types by tutors may not be listed as foreign language references). References must be publicly published (including online downloads) works or periodicals (papers), which are uniformly placed at the end of the article, numbered naturally with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the article, and surrounded by square brackets.

According to the national standard "Description Rules of References after Text" (GB/T77 14-2005), the writing format of Chinese references is as follows:

Monograph: [serial number] Author's name. Title [M] Place of publication: publishing unit, year of publication: page number cited.

Periodical: [serial number] author's name, title [J], publication name, year, volume number (issue number): the starting and ending page numbers of the literature cited by the periodical.

Newspaper: [serial number] author's name, book title [N], newspaper name, year-month-day (edition). (Example: 2009-01-01(1)) Prose Collection: [serial number] Author's name. Essay written with the title [C]// (edited). Prose collection name. Place of publication: publishing unit, year of publication: the starting and ending page numbers of the cited documents in the journal.

Electronic document: [serial number] author's name. Electronic document name [DB/OL]. (Date of publication or update) [date of reference]. Access or access path (i.e. website).

Dissertation: [serial number] Author's name. Title [D] Location of awarding unit: awarding unit, year of awarding.

Patent: [serial number] Applicant. Patent name [P]: patent country, patent number and announcement date.

Format of foreign language references: according to the format commonly used in academic circles in the country where the language is located.

The authors of the references are all listed within three, with more than four listed in the top three, followed by Chinese? Wait? Add after English? Waiting for someone? No matter whether the author's name is in a foreign language or in Chinese Pinyin, the surname always comes first (e.g. Hardy Thomas. ). Foreign surnames cannot be abbreviated, but first names can be abbreviated; If there are more than two authors, the format of the first author is surname first, comma second, other authors surname first, but there is no punctuation mark after the first name, and the last author should be preceded by and, and finally a period.