According to general management theory, the formation of contemporary western management theory and management school has gone through three stages.
The first stage is the classical management theory represented by Taylor and others formed at the beginning of this century. The scientific management advocated by Taylor and others, with the goal of improving labor productivity, has carried out a series of explorations in operating procedures, work quotas, differential wage system, division of functions, management principles, etc., and created a new era of scientific management. However, people's understanding is flawed. First, treat people as economic people and overemphasize material stimulation. The second is to treat people as tools like machines.
The second stage is the behavioral science theory that began in the 1920s and 1930s. Behavioral science focuses on human needs, behavioral motives, interpersonal relationships, incentive theory and so on. Advocating to stimulate people's enthusiasm in various ways. But at that time, people's motivation was still regarded as a management tool, not an end.
The third stage is the school of management science, which is characterized by extensive use of mathematical methods and computers. At this stage, many new management technologies have emerged, which have promoted the modernization of management means and methods and improved the accuracy and scientific level of management. However, practice shows that although modern management technology is effective, it cannot replace the modernization of management ideas and personnel. It was predicted that with the wide application of new technology and modern management science, people's role in economic activities may decline. However, the reality of competition makes people gradually realize that those who produce products and provide services, as well as those who use products and enjoy services, should never be forgotten.
On the contrary, in the new stage or the fourth stage of the development of management thought, people's understanding has been sublimated. At this stage, people are the most important resource and the most precious wealth. The theory of individual needs and mental health is put forward, and a series of new ideas and concepts such as relying more on employees' self-guidance, self-control and human management are put forward. In practice, people-oriented management has been actively promoted and rich experience has been accumulated. It can be said that people-centered management is one of the important features of the new stage.
In short, the fourth stage management theory is the extension and sublimation of the second and third stage management theory, which can be summarized as two major trends or two major characteristics:
First, people-oriented management sublimated from behavioral science; Second, on the basis of many schools of management science, system management will be promoted to a new height.
Second, fully understand the connotation of people-oriented management. The so-called people-oriented management is different from the traditional management mode of "seeing things but not people" or taking people as tools and means. On the basis of deeply understanding the role of people in social and economic activities, it highlights the position of people in management and realizes people-oriented management. Specifically, it mainly includes the following meanings:
(1) People-oriented-a brand-new management concept. For a long time in the past, people were keen on one-sided pursuit of output value and profit, ignoring those who created output value and wealth and those who used products. In the practice of production and management, people gradually realize that it is not machinery and equipment that determine the development ability of an enterprise and a society, but the knowledge, wisdom, talent and skills that people have. Man is the main body of social and economic activities and the most important resource among all resources. In the final analysis, all economic activities are carried out by people; Without vitality, enterprises have no vitality and competitiveness. Therefore, we must establish a people-oriented business philosophy and create brilliant achievements of the organization through the joint efforts of all members.
(2) Developing human potential-the most important management task. Life is limited, wisdom is infinite, and people usually hide a lot of talents and abilities. The task of management is how to maximize the enthusiasm of people, release people's hidden energy, and let people devote themselves to their careers with great enthusiasm and creativity. The liberation of productive forces is first and foremost the liberation of human beings. Fundamentally speaking, the reform we are carrying out at present is to create a good environment and mechanism for giving full play to the intelligence of hundreds of millions of people.
(3) Respect everyone-the highest business purpose of the enterprise. As a capitalist, everyone, whether a leader or an ordinary employee, has an independent personality and has the dignity and rights to be a human being. Regardless of the East or the West, people often regard dignity as a more important spiritual symbol than life. China is a socialist country, and people should be respected to the greatest extent and their rights should be better protected. Any phenomenon that insults people or damages human rights is not allowed. A dignified person will be strict with himself. When his work is fully affirmed and respected, he will try his best to fulfill his due responsibilities. As an enterprise, we should respect not only every employee, but also every consumer and user. Because an enterprise can exist because they are accepted and recognized by consumers, we should make every effort to satisfy consumers and feel that we are the real God.
(4) Building a high-quality staff-the foundation of organizational success. A well-trained staff is very important for enterprises. Every enterprise should take training people and constantly improving the comprehensive quality of employees as its regular task. Especially in the rapidly changing modern times, the life cycle of technology is shortening and the speed of knowledge updating is accelerating. Everyone, every organization, should constantly learn to adapt to the changes in the environment and reshape themselves. Improving the quality of employees means improving the vitality of enterprises.
5) All-round development of people-the ultimate goal of management