I. Materials:
1, Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China with a history of more than two thousand years. Early May 2004. After the news that South Korea wanted to declare the World Cultural Heritage for the Dragon Boat Festival reached China, it triggered a "Dragon Boat Festival Defence War" in China.
Among them, Hunan, the birthplace of the Dragon Boat Festival, has the fastest action and high enthusiasm. Look at the headlines reported by the media at that time: Yueyang people in Changsha collectively signed and called for the protection of cultural heritage; Hunan started the Dragon Boat Festival protection, and the declaration work was included in the work schedule; The deputy city of Yueyang said that Yueyang's "Dragon Boat Festival application" is a national mobilization.
On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2005, Gangneung declared by South Korea was officially recognized as a legend of mankind and an intangible heritage work by UNESCO. As for the success of South Korea's application for the Dragon Boat Festival, some people are worried that the Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China with a long history. How embarrassed should we be if we declare successfully abroad? How dare we meet our ancestors? However, some people say that intangible cultural heritage is the wealth shared by all mankind, and our cultural traditions are recognized by other countries, which is not a bad thing. The successful application of Korean heritage will not have any impact on our Dragon Boat Festival culture.
2. On May 20th, 2006, the State Council published the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists, with 5 18 items, covering folk literature, folk music, folk dance, traditional drama, folk art, acrobatics and competitions, folk arts, traditional handicrafts, traditional medicine and folk customs. Traditional festivals, including the Spring Festival, have also been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.
In order to strengthen the protection of traditional festivals, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China issued the "Proposal on Promoting National Culture by Using Traditional Festivals", which requires highlighting the cultural connotation of traditional festivals and carefully organizing important festivals, especially the most extensive and representative festivals such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
In order to save the heritage of folk literature and art, as early as 1985, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Culture jointly issued a document, demanding that all provinces and cities in China cooperate to collect, sort out and publish the Integrated Book of National Folk Literature and Art, which includes music, drama, folk art and so on. There are 300 volumes and 450 volumes, about 500 million words.
In recent years, under the national hype, more and more young people in cities are attracted by "foreign festivals" such as Christmas, Valentine's Day and April Fool's Day. In contrast, traditional festivals in China, such as Dragon Boat Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, are ignored. While some people in China are celebrating the "foreign festivals" gradually, the "China Cultural Fever" has set off all over the world. Chinese medicine is a service that only the rich can enjoy in Korea: Confucian etiquette is still being studied and applied in Japan, South Korea and Singapore. More and more foreign students come to Shaolin Temple to study China Wushu, and China's plays have won more and more flowers and applause on the foreign stage.
"Intangible cultural heritage" refers to various practical performances, forms of expression, knowledge and skills, magnetic tools, articles, handicrafts and cultural sites regarded as cultural heritage by various groups, groups and sometimes individuals. With the change of their environment and the relationship with natural and historical conditions, various groups and groups constantly innovate this intangible cultural heritage handed down from generation to generation, giving them a sense of identity and history, thus promoting cultural diversity and human creativity. "Intangible cultural heritage" includes the following aspects:
(1) Oral legends and expressions, including language as a medium of intangible cultural heritage;
(2) performing arts;
(3) social customs, ceremonies and festivals;
(4) Knowledge and practice about nature and the universe;
(5) Traditional handicraft skills
At present, China's Kunqu Opera and Guqin are listed in the "Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Mankind", while Ma Touqin, which is popular in Inner Mongolia, has been successfully declared as a national intangible cultural heritage in the published United Nations Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Shadow play is a household name in China, which is an Indonesian cultural heritage.
5. On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival in 2006, in order to avoid safety accidents and public security incidents caused by the concentration of dragon boat rowers, a city launched a "massive" tug-of-war campaign to smash dragon boats, and each dragon boat paid farmers 1 1,000-3,000 yuan according to the age of the dragon boat. For this "dragon boat smashing activity", the municipal government will pay at least 2 million yuan in compensation.
The first "Cultural Heritage Day" in Henan Province was held on June 26-27, 2005. Seventy historical and cultural sites and tourist attractions in six cities including Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang were opened to the public free of charge, and many precious cultural exhibitions, lectures on cultural heritage knowledge, cultural relics identification and other activities were held. According to statistics, 4.6 million people attended the two-day Heritage Day.
The State Council decided to take the second week of June as the "Cultural Heritage Day" in China every year from 2006, and the theme of the first "Cultural Heritage Day" was "Protecting Cultural Heritage and Protecting Spiritual Home". On the day of June 10, cultural relics protection units, museums and memorial halls at all levels in China with open conditions were opened to the public free of charge, creating a good atmosphere for the whole people to participate in the protection of cultural heritage.
Yellowstone National Park 1995 was listed in the list of world heritage in danger, but it was removed from the list by UNESCO because the US government failed to protect Yellowstone National Park according to specific protection conditions, allowing tourists to have picnics in the park and destroying natural plants at will.
At the 28th World Heritage Congress held in Zhou Su in 2004, China had five world heritages on the List of Endangered World Heritage, making it one of the countries with the largest number of assessed heritages. Being listed on the endangered world heritage list means "yellow card warning". If you don't take necessary protective measures, you will be disqualified from world heritage.
7. It is reported that the filming activities of the film "The Promise" crew in Tianchi, Yunnan Province have caused certain ecological damage to Tianchi, and the Environmental Protection Administration has instructed the Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau to punish the crew. Another media said that some trees in Yuanmingyuan died when the "Promise" crew filmed the location two years ago. Tianchi and Yuanmingyuan have been listed as world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.
8. 1987, People's Education Publishing House published the sixth volume of the junior middle school Chinese textbook "Longzhongdui", and made the following comments on the title: "Excerpted from Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang, the title is in the back row, Longzhongdui, the mountain name, in Xiangfan, Hubei Province today", 1998. In March 2000, Luo Guangping, then mayor of Xiangfan City, decided that the Municipal Education Bureau would take the lead in completing Longzhong's plan for overlapping textbooks. 200 1 this article "held an expert demonstration meeting by the national primary and secondary school textbook examination and approval Committee, and finally formed a proposal, which was submitted to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Ninth CPPCC through the Standing Committee of Wuhan CPPCC. In 200 1 year, this article passed the examination and approval of the national primary and secondary school teaching village examination Committee, and was also selected as the junior high school textbook that began to be used in the spring of 2003. On August 65438+6, 2003, ten thousand people in Nanyang City, Henan Province spontaneously organized "defending history, respecting facts, Zhuge Liang dedicating himself to Nanyang signature activity" and sent the signature to the relevant leaders of People's Education Publishing House. According to media reports, in the current new textbooks, lesson 23 "Longzhong Dui" interprets Longzhong as "Longzhong, a place name, now Xiangfan, Hubei", and lesson 24 "Model" interprets Nanyang as "Nanyang, a place name, and Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong in the Eastern Han Dynasty and belonged to Nanyang County".
9. Recently, Zhou Heping, Vice Minister of Culture, revealed that the relevant departments in ancient China have formulated management measures for a large number of material cultural heritage lists, including making protection plans and establishing protection files, using words, patterns and multimedia to establish files, and using words, images and multimedia to establish files. He also said that governments at all levels should also formulate protective measures for the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. In addition, some schools should offer related majors.
10, before the reform and opening up, China's cultural and artistic protection adopted a single national planned economic protection model, characterized by unified national planning, unified leadership, unified pace, and unified national financial, personnel, capital and material allocation in full. From 1950s to 1980s, a nationwide cultural network was initially established in China. However, under the planned economy mode, the single mechanism of simply leading the investment of state institutions put the state finance in a new historical condition.
1 1. China is rich in intangible cultural heritage, with nearly 300 kinds of operas distributed in all corners of the country. There are more than 8000 records of music history. The Music Institute of the Chinese Academy of Art alone has collected 1800 kinds of traditional musical instruments of various ethnic groups, and collected 7000 hours of folk music, instrumental music, singing and dancing, rap and audio-visual materials of famous ethnic groups. There are 65,438+0,500 music scores of Le Shu in various historical periods and more than 4,000 pictures of music and musical instruments.
12. It is reported that at the two sessions in 2006, a proposal to designate Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival as legal holidays in China was drafted by completed delegates and seconded by many delegates. According to reports, Hong Kong and Macao, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival are five traditional festivals.
13. An article published in People's Daily on August 12, 2003 claimed that the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO listed the Ming Tombs in China as the Ming and Qing emperors' tombs in the history of world heritage. The news came that a great upsurge of applying for World Heritage and national key cultural relics protection units was set off in China. It is reported that the success of the application for the Ming Tombs has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of Jinling people to apply for the World Heritage, and they once again turned their attention to the Ming City Wall in Nanjing. The government said that it would severely crack down on the disorderly construction along the Ming City Wall in Nanjing, and earnestly do a good job in the construction and protection of the scenic belt of the Ming City Wall until it reached the standard of applying for World Heritage.
It is reported that 3 1 World Heritage Sites in China have been listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. In less than 20 years, China has so many world heritages, which is the fastest in the world.
14. World heritage resources are an important resource base for tourism development in China. With the gradual expansion of the distribution of world heritage in China, a number of emerging international and domestic tourist destinations have gradually emerged, such as Lijiang, Zhangjiajie, Pingyao and Jiuzhaigou, which were still unfamiliar in China more than a decade ago, and now they are well-known at home and abroad.
15. According to Ma Yuhua, the representative of UNESCO, the United Nations has no objection to the development and utilization of "world cultural heritage". The key lies in how to develop and utilize it, whether it is destructive or protective.
16. According to China Newsweek, the "China Kung Fu Star Global TV Competition" jointly organized by Shaolin Temple and Shenzhen Satellite TV was recently launched in Beijing. This TV contest will show the charm of China Kung Fu to the world from a brand-new perspective, and will create a new generation of China Kung Fu masters. The winner will play a role in the film "New Shaosi". It is said that Shaolin Temple is devoting itself to it with great enthusiasm.
19. With regard to the protection of cultural heritage, a "management theory" has recently emerged, the main content of which is to manage cultural heritage by market means. The example mentioned with the funds obtained from operation is that under the government management mode, the original protection fee of Huangshan Mountain was 2 million yuan a year, and later, after Huangshan Tourism Co., Ltd. was established and listed, the protection fee of Huangshan Mountain reached 25 million yuan.
20. Beijing City, with a history of more than 200 years, has formed a triple pattern of China, inside and outside with the Forbidden City as the center since the Yuan Dynasty. Outside the Forbidden City is the imperial city, and outside is called the inner city, which is generally bounded by the Second Ring Road in Beijing. Since the wall of the Imperial City was demolished in the early years of the Republic of China, people have been building houses and residences, and the Imperial City has gradually disappeared from people's memory.
In 200 1 year, Beijing established Huangchenggen Ruins Park on the "Donghuanggen Ruins" between North and South Binhe Street, Chenguang Street, East Chang 'an Street and Ping 'an Street. The park is 2.4 kilometers long and 2.9 meters wide. Choose Zuo 'anmen and Wu Si Road,
Siheyuan, Sino-French University, South Point, North Point and other historical and cultural nodes ",partly show the face of the imperial city by restoring a short section of the city wall and excavating some of the ruins of the city wall base. Huangchenggen Ruins Park evokes people's memories of Beijing's imperial city, shows rich cultural connotations, and greatly improves the traffic conditions, surrounding living conditions and surrounding environment, becoming a highlight of Beijing's tourism.
Second, the application requirements
1. Summarize the information provided by the data in no more than 250 words. (25 points)
Requirements: accurate generalization and concise expression.
2. According to the relevant information of the given data, try to analyze the reasons of the phenomena listed in the underlined part of the given data. (15)
Requirements: (1) accurate expression and concise text.
(2) The number of words shall not exceed 150.
3. According to this information, several pairs of contradictions in the protection of chinese heritage are discussed. Please use no more than 150 words (20 points) to summarize these contradictions.
4. If you are from a relevant government department.
Civil servants, please write an argumentative essay on a pair of contradictions in the above questions (40 points).
Requirements: Clear point of view, thorough analysis, detailed discussion, reasonable countermeasures, and the number of words is controlled at 800- 1000 words.