1, analyze the topic of the composition and find the right eye.
Carefully scrutinize a given composition proposition or topic, and there is often a core word or word in the topic or topic, which is the topic. This step is very important. If you understand the meaning of the topic, you won't stray from the topic when you write next.
2. Determine the central idea of the article.
Looking at a given topic or proposition, what is the theme to be expressed, we must decide, and we can't be right about this point of view and that point of view, otherwise the article will stray from the topic or be in a mess. Write a little here and a little there, and we can't find the central idea.
3, determine the style
On the one hand, combine the given topic, on the other hand, combine personal expertise. For example, I am good at argumentative writing and argumentative writing, and I can easily write narrative into a running account. Moreover, some of my former classmates are particularly good at narrative and write well. So before writing, on the one hand, we should look at what style this article is suitable for writing, on the other hand, we should look at our own characteristics.
4, combing the article material
No matter the composition in the examination room or the usual composition practice, you can't write a good composition without some ink on your chest when you write. At this point, on the one hand, you need to read widely and accumulate knowledge and materials, so that you will be inspired and have something to say during the exam, which can provide arguments for argumentative papers and materials for narrative texts; On the other hand, before writing a composition, it is best to sort out the possible materials and sort out the effective materials;
Step 5 draft an outline
In the past, the teacher always told us to write an outline before writing an article, so as to link the order of paragraphs with the content to be written, so as not to be incoherent.
Step 6 start writing
With the preparation of the above steps, start writing quickly!
7. Inspection and polishing
Avoid low-level mistakes in writing; The same thing, think about whether there is a more beautiful or appropriate expression, and carefully consider which of the two synonyms is better to choose words and make sentences. It also depends on whether the number of words is enough, whether the full text is fluent, and whether the logic is natural (if it is a composition in the examination room, you must determine the narrative order before you finish it, and it is too late to correct it, and the test paper is full).
I have written so much, probably because I have confidence in my writing experience. Share the above with everyone, welcome to correct me, and hope that everyone can refer to their own actual situation! thank you
2. The first step in writing a composition, how to write a composition?
First of all, you can clearly express your thoughts and feelings, and then you can express your best words in your composition. On this basis, if you can have some novel ideas or novel expressions, you can use them appropriately. You can't just go hunting
Write your own real feelings and opinions when writing chapters. Advocate writing something in everyone's heart, something that everyone doesn't write. "Only what you have experienced, write to have true feelings. Because there is such a true feeling, it is something that I have thought about and experienced after writing it. Such things are very valuable things in life, and writing them will win readers.
Second, a variety of composition writing skills:
First, narrative-four-paragraph enhanced description method
First, "choose to go deep": describe people, things and things in detail, not just mention them; It is better to describe a few things in detail than to mention a lot hastily. For example, if someone is fat, don't mention such unimportant things as his long hair.
2. "Make good use of metaphors": use "For example, he is very tall. His extraordinary height almost touches the ceiling, and even the longest bed is not big enough. It is simply a personal tower. 」
Third, "idioms and proverbs": can enrich the article. Adding idioms or proverbs at appropriate times can make the finishing point. Of course, remember not to overdo it. There is no other way to add idioms to the whole article, but to recite idioms, proverbs, celebrity quotations, meditation, poems and so on.
Fourth, "make good use of examples": there are many explanations, so it is better to give an actual example. For example, after describing how much Xiao Mingcan ate, I immediately gave an example: "Once, Xiao Ming and I went to the night market after dinner, and found that he ate three plates of stinky tofu, a bowl of pig blood soup, a cup of mung bean paste and a pack of egg cakes. Oh, my God, when he got home, his mother asked him if he wanted to have a midnight snack. He nodded and said, "OK, OK, I'm hungry again! 』」
In this way, the article must be much more vivid and interesting!
B. Argument-explanation syllogism
1. The characteristic of the explanatory text is to explain what the topic is. Take "my troubles" as an example to explain what my troubles are.
2. Explanatory text can be divided into three parts: solving problems, explaining and summarizing expectations.
Third, the first paragraph is to solve the problem, that is, to roughly explain the topic, give examples, and associate it all around. Taking this topic as an example, it is necessary to explain what "worry" is, what different troubles different people have, and what influence it will have.
Fourth, the second paragraph is explanation, which should be explained in depth according to your own ideas, viewpoints, experiences and solutions. It can be divided into several items according to your personal opinion. Take this topic as an example, we might as well break it down into several small paragraphs to elaborate. After explaining, don't forget to add solutions and strategies, such as:
What worries me most is playing the piano. Every time I practice ... I think I have to do this ... in order to overcome this "sound barrier". (First worry and solution strategy)
Secondly, the application problem of mathematics, for me. The teacher suggested that I ... (the second worry and solution strategy)
The last small worry is that the height is too short. I'm in the sixth grade. I can't believe it. After seeing the doctor several times, I decided. (The third worry and solution strategy) "
In the last paragraph, talk about your thoughts, feelings and expectations.
On the practical four-paragraph theory of text
First, there is a filial piety teacher, which means that children in China must be full of love and hate. Love is: this is our unique social system in China, the beginning of social welfare system and the best demonstration of social division of labor; What I hate is that this kind of essay is the easiest to flow, the same, and there is no place. However, many people have written about this "sour" topic, but not many people can write it well.
Second, the biggest taboo of essays is "insincere". Say something you don't necessarily think is right, and cobble together an unintelligible article. It's about thinking with your brain and really thinking from your own point of view.
Third, practice the four-stage theory:
(1) Problem solving: What does this topic mean? Need I explain more? What are the sayings in ancient and modern China and abroad? What idioms, proverbs and allusions are there?
(2) Reflection: What is the status quo of the general public and myself? Are there any good examples at all times and in all countries?
(3) Strategy: How to practice this topic? Can I do that? What can be done?
(4) Expectation: What do I expect from this topic? How do you feel? Do you have any heartfelt words? Who can you quote to encourage yourself and become the motto of continuing to work hard?
Fourthly, this four-paragraph article on law is stable and rich in structure. If some ingenious ideas are added to the connection of large sections, people will feel that Kan Kan is talking, and some history or allusions will be more interesting. But what's the last step? It is to have "sincerity, truthfulness and true feelings" behind it.
3. Four commonly used writing orders are narrative order.
When writing a narrative, there must be an order. What to write first, then what to write, and then what to write can only be described clearly if it is arranged properly. The order of narration can generally be divided into four types: direct narration, flashback, insertion and supplementary narration.
Sequential narration is the most commonly used and basic narrative writing method, which generally refers to narration according to the time sequence of events. Using this method, the level of the article can be basically consistent with the development process of the event, and it is easy to describe the event with a clear context. The methods of sequential narration can be divided into the following categories: First, narration is completely chronological. For example, the article "Laoshan Boundary" describes the process of the Red Army crossing the Laoshan Boundary according to the passage of time (afternoon-dark-night-dawn the next day-2 pm-after 2 pm); The second is to describe events in the order of location changes, such as the article "Mr. Fujino", starting from the author's arrival in Tokyo, then writing a few things that he got along with Mr. Fujino after he left Sendai, and finally writing about his nostalgia and reverence after he left Sendai; The third is to describe the events in the order of their internal logical connections. For example, in Who is the cutest person, the author praised the noble qualities of volunteers from three aspects with three examples. The first example focuses on the incomparable hatred of the volunteers for the enemy, the second example shows the love of the volunteers for the Korean people, and the third example shows the lofty spiritual realm of the volunteers. These three examples tell readers from the outside to the inside that volunteers are the most lovely people. When describing an example, because the change of time and the transformation order of space and place are often the same, there are often several ways to describe it in chronological order in an article.
Flashback means that according to the needs of expression, the ending or the most prominent fragment of the event is described in front, and then the event is described from the beginning according to the original development order. Flashback can arouse suspense, enhance the attraction of the article and make it fascinating. We have read many flashback articles, such as a precious shirt, a little thing, thinking of my mother, thinking of a spinning wheel and so on. When using flashback method, we should pay attention to the following points: after the end of the event is explained at the beginning of the article, we should go back to the beginning of the event and write from the cause; After describing the event, we should return to the ending, so that the end is consistent and the structure is complete.
Interpolation refers to temporarily interrupting the narrative clue, inserting a paragraph related to the main plot, and then narrating the original content in the process of narrating the central event in order to help unfold the plot or portray the characters. There are two episodes in Lu Xun's hometown. One is that when my mother was talking about leap soil, the author used "At this time, a miraculous picture suddenly flashed in my mind." It leads to the interpolation of the image of young leap soil. The other is the memory of Yang Er's sister-in-law. These two episodes make the different images and different life situations of Runtu and his sister-in-law Yang Er in sharp contrast, enrich the content of the article, and discuss the theme in depth. The narrative content should be able to supplement, explain or set off the central content, which can be long or short according to the needs of the central content, but it can't go beyond the scope of expressing the central idea, otherwise it will distract attention and appear cumbersome. When using interpolation, we should arrange the connection with the central content, so as to make the transition natural and the content coherent.
Supplementary narration, also called descriptive narration, is to make some simple supplementary explanations to the people or things mentioned above in three or two sentences or a short paragraph. Supplementary narrative is usually an organic part of the central event and the focus of the article. Without supplementary narration, there will be loopholes in the story, which is puzzling For example, the sixteenth chapter of Water Margin describes seven jujube merchants fighting for longevity classes in Huangnigang pine forest. Seeing this, readers are naturally suspicious: the same barrel of wine is drunk by jujube merchants.
4. Steps and methods of writing —— A brief introduction to the notes of the writing training method of Shen Shi.
One: The purpose of writing is communication.
People need to communicate with each other, and communication must have certain forms, such as speaking, body movements or writing.
The purpose of communication is to let others know what you want to express, and this content is in your mind.
The general procedure of communication is as follows:
Xiao Ming communicates with Xiaolong, and Xiao Ming knows well. This content may be an image or an abstract thought and feeling. Now he wants to tell this to Xiaolong. He wrote it in written language. Xiaolong read the sentences or articles written by Xiao Ming, and the contents also appeared in his mind. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is similar or even the same as that in Xiaoming's mind, Xiaolong will understand Xiaoming and the purpose of communication will be achieved. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is different from Xiaoming's, Xiaolong will not understand Xiaoming's meaning and the purpose of communication will not be achieved.
Now, for example:
The teacher wrote a sentence according to the content in his mind: Xiaoqing stood up.
Let the students read this sentence and something will appear in their minds. Ask the students to close their eyes and see what appears in their minds. Then, let the students make the contents in their minds and show them to the teacher to see if they are the same as those in the teacher's mind. On the whole, there should be no problem.
Then make the following sentences:
1: He is playing.
He is playing football.
He shouted, "Hey!" Fly your right foot and kick the ball to the gate.
Here, generally speaking, the sentences 1 and 2 are prone to different situations. For example, in the sentence of 1, the teacher has three sentences in his mind, but he wrote' He is playing'. Students may think of playing basketball or skipping rope after reading this sentence. Of course, you can't say the sentences misunderstood by students, so the first sentence is easy to be misunderstood. The second sentence is the same.
But after reading the third sentence, the content in students' minds will be consistent with that in teachers' minds, and there will be no misunderstanding, thus achieving the purpose of communication.
Then, why are sentences 1 and 2 misunderstood, while the third sentence is not? The reason is that the first two sentences are not Confucian behavior sentences and are not specific; The third sentence is a Confucian behavior sentence, which is written in great detail.
The teacher asked the students to write a specific composition, which means to write a Confucian behavior sentence.
So what is the behavior sentence of Confucianism? We will explain it in "Two".
Friend, are you inspired? Yes, that's great! You are my bosom friend. No? Well, that's all right. Keep reading. I promise you, you will get a lot.
Two: how to develop things and write concrete?
In writing training, narrative is the most basic style, and writing practice should start with learning narrative. What did you write in the narrative? As the name implies, it is writing. How do we write? It depends on how we do things, how we do things and how we write. How do we do things? When we do things with Confucian behavior, we must write things with Confucian behavior sentences.
1: What is Confucian behavior?
We do things with Confucian behavior. There are six kinds of Confucian behaviors: action, seeing, speaking, hearing, feeling and thinking.
2. What is the behavior sentence of Confucianism?
Sentences that express Confucian behavior are called Confucian behavior sentences. We use Confucian behavior sentences to write things. There are six kinds of behavior sentences of Confucianism: action sentences, seeing sentences, saying sentences, listening sentences, feeling sentences and thinking sentences.
3. Confucian behavior sentence:
A: Action sentence: 1): He turned his head. He is standing on the ground.
B: See sentence: 1): He saw Xiaolong standing on the ground. She saw a pile of books on the windowsill.
C: Sentence: 1): He said, "Hey, don't go." 2): Xiaoming sings: "Beautiful grassland ..."
D: Hear the sentence: 1) Hear the teacher shout: "Sit down!" He heard a dog barking.
E: Feeling sentence: 1): I feel hungry. 2): Xiao Ming thinks he has a good personality.
F: I think: 1) He thinks: I'm so thirsty, I want to drink water. 2) I think: This flower is so beautiful that I want to buy it.
4.lianhua:
Xiao Ming was walking when he saw a red flower among the trees by the roadside. He thinks it's beautiful. He thought, I want to take it home and put it in a vase. He walked to the front of the flower (action sentence), broke the flower (action sentence), and then left with the flower (action sentence).
Discussion: The above is Xiao Ming's practice of picking flowers. In this case, there are action behavior (3), seeing behavior (1), feeling behavior (1) and thinking behavior (1). In order to do this, a * * * used six behaviors of Confucianism, so when we wrote this, we used six behaviors of Confucianism.
Note that the first and last sentences don't count.
So we need to expand and write things in detail, just write the actions in the right order.
How to write a composition is divided into several steps. The writing steps of the composition should pay special attention to the following steps: (1) Examining the topic: Examining the topic, that is, carefully reading every word and punctuation in the topic before writing (some topics contain punctuation). Every composition topic will have certain restrictions on the content of the composition, and you must understand this restriction when writing. In other words, we need to figure out the scope. There are usually several ranges, such as 1, time range. Some topics define the writing scope in time, so review the time range when reviewing the topics. There are three kinds of regulations: one is the time limit of drawings, such as "one thing in summer vacation"; The other is the time span to inspire the written content, such as "before and after lunch"; The third is the particularity of written content. For example, Interesting Childhood. 2. Scope of the site. Words expressing space (orientation) often appear in composition topics. They often make clear the location and background of what they write, such as farmers' market, on their way to school, the scope of their objects, such as people I know, my deskmate, my classmates, my partners and the scope of their content. This refers to the limitation of events, such as an unforgettable event and two or three events of the teacher. We need to determine its quantitative scope and write it according to the quantitative requirements specified in the topic, such as one event in summer vacation and two or three events in school life. Secondly, we need to find the "title". When we find it out, we find the key point of writing. For example, the title of An Unforgettable Event is the title. Some topics are implicit, so you need to pay more attention to what the key words are. The word "stupid" is ironic. On the surface, it looks stupid, but in fact it means not stupid. There are certain rules in finding "questions". If the title is a sentence, most "titles" answer "Who? What? " For some words, such as "love" in I Love My Teacher, if the title is a phrase, "caption" is mostly a decorative part, such as "happiness" in Happy Festival, but not all titles have "caption", such as "My classmate". Third, determine the genre. Narrative includes taking notes, writing characters and writing articles. Step by step. Exercise 1. Look at the following composition questions, talk about the meaning of the questions, find out the "eye" and underline it with "~ ~ ~". ① People who love me the most ② A pleasure of primary school life ③ Lovely hometown ④ Gardeners praise 2. Compare each group of composition questions below and talk about their commonalities. What are the different requirements of each topic: ① We did one thing ② Unforgettable days ③ I loved my teacher, I did a good thing, an unforgettable day, my teacher and I did so well, an unforgettable moment ④ Holiday night, ⑤ Spring outing, ⑤ Happy holiday trip of sports meeting, XX corner of sports meeting, 3. Carefully review the questions and determine the focus and scope of the following types of exercises (notes, writers, scenery, objects, and feelings after reading). (1) Visiting the West Lake for the first time; (2) There are many good things in the class; (3) read the text xx; (4) my restless grandmother; (5) sleepless nights; (6) a corner of the campus; (2) Set the center as1; The center should be meaningful and healthy. What should an article praise (or praise)? Everyone should let others be educated or inspired after reading it. If this goal can be achieved, then this article is positive. 2. The center should be centralized. An article must be written around one center, not scattered, and there cannot be two (or more) centers. 3. The center should be novel. We should be good at examining materials from multiple levels, angles and aspects, so as to see the big things from small to deep. Dig up new ideas that no one else has ever discovered. Determine the central idea, some of which can be directly seen from the title, such as diligent grandma and I love my hometown in autumn. Determining the central idea must meet the requirements of the topic. Some composition topics have directly defined the central idea, but stipulated the general scope of determining the central idea, such as "a meaningful activity" and "this matter educated me". The freedom to determine the central idea is greater than that in the former case, but it must also be limited by the prescribed scope. Some composition topics do not involve the central idea at all, but only stipulate the scope of choosing writing materials, such as ten minutes between classes and my dad, but avoid the problem of unclear central idea. 1. classify the following composition topics to see which topics directly indicate the central idea; Which themes define the general scope of the central idea; What topics have nothing to do with the central idea? (1) A helpful person (2) A spring trip to Nanbei Lake (3) A book about charity work (4) My good friend (5) Birthday (6) My little blackboard. 2. According to the materials given below, please confirm the central idea of the article. Teacher, Li Ming didn't feel well the day before the sports meeting. Li Ming was left far behind by other athletes, but he still stubbornly ran the whole course. (3) choose the right materials to write a composition. After reviewing the meaning of the topic and determining the center, we should choose the appropriate materials according to the needs of the central idea. All materials closely related to the center should be mastered, and all materials unrelated to the center should be discarded. All the materials that can deeply express the center are the focus of our choice. Also pay attention to the following points: 1, the materials should be true. We should try our best to write out what we have seen, heard and felt, so as to write a good article with true feelings. Of course, the requirement of true content does not exclude reasonable imagination and association in the article. 2. The materials should be typical. Sometimes there are many materials that can be selected, which should be analyzed by comparison. From these available materials, it is generally typical to choose the material that best reflects the central idea to write. 3. The materials should be specific. When writing a composition, you must write the characters (grasping their language, movements, demeanor and psychological activities), events (writing clearly the cause, process and result of the events), objects and scenes vividly. Therefore, we chose to write vividly.
6. There is (4) the narrative order of the narrative: the common narrative order of the answer narrative is direct narrative, flashback, interpolation and supplementary narrative.
(1) Xu Shun. Writing according to the time sequence of things' occurrence, development and ending is usually called sequence. The paragraph level of order basically conforms to the development process of things. Xu Shun is the most widely used. For example, walking, big golden hat and my son's family.
(2) flashback. Flashback refers to the ending of a thing or the most important or prominent fragment mentioned in the previous narrative, and then narrates it according to the "natural order". Flashback is not a whole flashback from "tail" to "head", but a partial flashback. Generally speaking, flashback is only necessary for things with complicated plots. If the center is clear, the material is simple, and things happen in a short time, flashback is unnecessary. For example, "Back" and "Father and Son" use flashbacks.
(3) interpolation. Interpolation is to insert some contents related to the main plot in the process of describing the central event, and then describe the original event. In order to supplement and set off the main plot, the inserted content makes the central idea more distinct, such as the woodcarving of antelope.
(4) Supplementary narrative. Sometimes, according to the needs of the content, the article should make some short supplementary explanations to the people or things written in front, which is usually called supplementary narration. Although supplementary narration and interpolation are both supplements and explanations to the main plot, there are also differences. Most supplementary narratives have no plot, so there is no need for any transition before and after.
Sequential narration, flashback, insertion and supplementary narration are not rigid methods, which can be flexibly used according to the needs of the expression center.