First, the formation conditions

1. marine productivity and environment: marine productivity is the primary factor that determines the formation and development of world fisheries. Marine productivity includes benthic organisms and fish, and the reproduction and growth of these organisms are the basis for the formation of fishing grounds. The marine environment, including temperature, water flow, water quality and other factors, has an important impact on the reproduction and growth of marine life. Where cold and warm currents meet, rich fishing grounds can often be formed.

2. Geographical location: Geographical location has an important influence on the formation and distribution of world fishing grounds. For example, the sea near the land is rich in nutrients and often has more fishery resources. In addition, the coastal areas are densely populated, with large consumption demand and relatively rich fishery resources.

Second, geographical distribution.

1. Temperate and tropical waters: Temperate waters are the main distribution areas of fishing grounds in the world because of their suitable temperature and high marine productivity. Beihai Fishing Ground, where the warm current of the North Atlantic meets the cold current of the Arctic Ocean, is one of the largest fishing grounds in the world. Tropical sea area is an important fishing ground distribution area in the world because of its high temperature and high marine productivity. The Arabian Sea fishing ground in the Indian Ocean is one of the largest fishing grounds in the world.

2. Polar regions and deep-sea regions: Due to the low temperature, the marine productivity in polar regions is low, and fishery resources are relatively few. There are also some special fishing grounds in polar waters, Antarctic krill fishing grounds. In recent years, with the development of deep-sea aquaculture technology, there are few fishery resources in deep-sea areas and it has become a new field of world fishery. Pacific deep-sea aquaculture fishery is one of the largest deep-sea aquaculture bases in the world.

Related knowledge of the four major fishing grounds

1. Hokkaido Fishing Ground (Sea of Japan Fishing Ground): Located in the southeast of Hokkaido, Japan, it is the largest fishing ground in the world. The formation of this fishing ground is related to the intersection of the Thousand Island Cold Current and the Japanese Warm Current. Cold current brings deep seawater, meets warm current, stirs seawater, floats nutrients, and attracts a large number of fish to gather. The continental shelf is shallow, and sunlight can shine on the seabed, which is beneficial to the reproduction and growth of bait.

2. Newfoundland Fishing Ground: Located in the northeast of the Atlantic Ocean, including Newfoundland and its adjacent waters. The formation of this fishing ground is related to the intersection of the Gulf Warm Current and the Labrador Cold Current. Warm current brings nutrients, meets cold current, stirs seawater, floats nutrients and attracts a large number of fish to gather. The continental shelf in this sea area is wide, which is conducive to the reproduction and growth of bait.

3. Peru Fishing Ground (South American Coastal Fishing Ground): Located on the coast of Peru in South America, it is one of the four largest fishing grounds in the world. The formation of fishing grounds is related to El Nino phenomenon and La Plata cold current. The cold current brings deep seawater, which interacts with the El Ni? o phenomenon, stirring seawater, floating nutrients and attracting a large number of fish to gather. The narrow continental shelf in this sea area is conducive to the reproduction and growth of bait.

4. Zhoushan Fishing Ground (China Donghai Fishing Ground): Located in the north of the East China Sea in China, it is one of the four famous fishing grounds in the world. The formation of this fishing ground is related to the runoff into the sea of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River systems. A large amount of fresh water is injected into the ocean, which stirs the seawater, floats nutrients and attracts a large number of fish to gather. The continental shelf in this sea area is wide, which is conducive to the reproduction and growth of bait.