Laozi's birthplace has always been considered as Lu Yi, Henan. For thousands of years, few people have questioned it. However, as long as people do a little research, they will find problems. (1) Ming of Laozi, written by Bian Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, said: "Laozi, surnamed Li, was named Bo Yang, and was also from Chuxiang County. ..... Xiang County is empty and barren, and now it is miserable, so the old city is still there. It is in the east of Lai Xiang, and the whirlpool is in the sun. " Notes on Water Classics (Volume XXIII): "Vortex water turns east again, so Jingxiang County is in the south of the city." Accordingly, the birthplace of Laozi and Taiqing Palace should be located on the north bank of the Wohe River, while Lu Yi and Taiqing Palace are located on the south bank of the Wohe River, which is inconsistent with "Yang is in the whirlpool". ② In the first year of Emperor Yongxing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (1537), he ordered a monument erected in Changsha to read, "I was born in a winding whirlpool." Cao Pi mentioned the meandering vortex in Ode to the Vortex: "The shadow is high and the trees are facing the meandering vortex, and the breeze raises the water to increase the waves." In this essay, Cao Cao led his son back to his hometown to worship his ancestors. That place is fifty miles east of Qiaocheng, where Bozhou meets the swirling water, which is the location of the meandering vortex, and it is far away from Lu Yi in the wrong direction. (3) Jin's Biography of Immortals contains: "(Laozi) is pregnant with a big meteor." "Ming Yi Tongzhi" Volume 7 "Fengyang House" contains: "Meteor Garden, in the south of Tianjing Palace in Bozhou, the tablet says: There are stars in the garden, so I was born, that's it. Notre Dame de Yuan Dynasty, the site still exists. " Today, Lu Yi has only a congenital monument to the Empress Dowager and no meteor garden. (4) Kudi Zhi said: "Ku County is at the boundary of Guyang County, Bozhou, and there are nine wells left." Tang Duan's "Youyang Miscellaneous Articles" contains: "The old gentleman was born in the Yang of the swirling water in Lai Township, Lixian County, and all the nine wells are in the west and the bottom." "Water Classic Note" says: "laojunmiao is in the north, with nine wells in the East Temple. Shoujing Publishing House: Notes to the Continued Han Dynasty quotes Fu Tao's Records of the Northern Expedition. There are nine wells in Laozi Temple, which are connected by water. " Beginner's Notes quoted Lai Xiang's Notes. There are nine wells in the temple, and one well was taken, and the rest were moved. He also quoted Liu Yiqing's "Youming Road", which can clean people who enter the temple, and the water temperature in the well is clear and follow people's thoughts. "And" Guangxu Lu Yi Zhi "said:" There is a trace of Linxi and Jiujing, and he died. " He also said: "Today, there is still a well in the east of the temple, and the ground sinks like a trap. Ten steps below the steps can be marked by fences, and the land has been flooded by the river. When it overflows, it will be filled with mud. " What is said here is that "nine wells died together" and "one well is still seen" during Guangxu period. In fact, there are no nine wells in Lu Yi. At present, there is only one Shijing column in Lu Yi Taiqing Palace, which is engraved with the figure of Kowloon. ⑤ Many history books call Lao Zi Pei's lover. Bian Shao's "Lao Zi Ming" said: "Lao Zi is also from Chuxiang County." According to historical records, Lu Deming also thought Lao Tzu was a lover. The original text of Historical Records is "Lao Zi, also a lover". Ma Xulun's Lao Zi Collation said: "I mean what I remember when I moved. I mean the monks in Zhuangzi and the Beijingers who are not harmed by God. Bian Shao's Lao Tzu Ming said that people who love each other will be moved. " He said, "Pei Jinzhi, I will cover it and taste it." However, his life is also related to people, so Historical Records is called related to people. However, Lao Zi and Song are lovers, not Chen. "As a lover, Laozi belongs to Pei, and his country is Song." "History of Han Geography" said: "It was destroyed by Qi, Chu and Wei for more than 20 generations, until Cao was destroyed, and after Cao was destroyed, the fifth generation was also destroyed by Qi, Chu and Wei, and his land was divided into three parts, some Liang and Wei; Qi has its benefits in Yin and Dongping; Chu has his own merits. "So it can be seen that Pei belonged to the Song Dynasty, and later to Chu. And "Water Mirror Jules Sui Underwater" said: "Xiang County, so the land of the Song Dynasty is also. In the twenty-third year of Qin Shihuang, he thought that Surabaya County. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Pei Jun ruled this place. "Here, it is said that in the early Han Dynasty, it was the ruling place of Pei. It is in line with the geography of Hanshu. " "Notes on Water Classics" also said: "Suishui is in the east of Xiangxiang County, so it is the south of the city and the capital of song dynasty. "Song Gonggong reigned from 588 to 576 BC, and then Song Pinggong reigned from 575 to 532 BC. Lao Zi was born in Gong Ping, Song Dynasty, about 57 BC1year, which is completely consistent with the description of Song Gongdu. Pei county township site, in Suzhou, Anhui province. Phase, that is, the Spring and Autumn Period, "Fifteen Years of Huan Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period" contains: "In winter, in January, the guild of Song Gong, Chen, and Zheng will be defeated. Du pre-note: "Song land is in the southwest of Peiguo township." . "According to the note in the History of the Later Han Dynasty," Zuo Zhuan was fifteen years old and joined forces with Huan. Ma Xulun's Lao Zi Collation said: "The so-called physiognomy is the physiognomy of Pei County in the Geography of Hanshu, which must be related to the fifteen years of the Spring and Autumn Period." Volume 7-3 of Memorabilia in the Spring and Autumn Period is devoted to the location. "Du Zhusong, there is a pavilion in the southwest of Pei County, and now he is in Fengyang Suzhou in the south of the Yangtze River." In today's Lu Yi, there is no site of Gu Peiguo's rural sage at all. According to the above materials, it can be proved that Laozi's birthplace is by no means Lu Yi.
The above materials about Lao Zi's birthplace are not consistent with Lu Yi, Henan, but with Yang Guo, Anhui. Laozi was born in Tianjing Palace, Anhui Province, which is located in the north and north of the city, and coincides with the "Yang in the Vortex". The so-called "curved vortex chamber" refers to the area near the vortex river east of Bozhou. Tianjing Palace originally belonged to Bozhou, located in the "vortex room" in the east of Bozhou 120. Laozi's birthplace was called Meteor Garden in ancient times. In recent years, Yang Guo unearthed "Jing Tian Gong Xing Zao Bei", which was written by Zhang Qiyan, an academician in the third year of Yuan Dynasty. This monument has been broken, the original inscription is nearly a thousand words, and there are only about 200 words left in the fragments. The inscription is intermittent, but the words "Jian Peijun", "Zhang Qiyan, Jianxiu" and "Shunshun for three years" in the fragments are very clear. The inscription said: "The place where I was born in Tianjing Palace is also ... four clubs in Bozhou County, two miles south of Xuanshui, facing the pheasant water next door, I am pregnant. There are stars in the garden, and then the birthday party will be Tianjing Palace Base. " At the same time, a stone tablet engraved with "Ancient Meteor Garden" was found. Among the more important inscriptions, there are inscriptions such as Yi Zhuan and Mixed Yuan Jiang □ (Birthday), which belong to Laozi and provide valuable cultural relics for Laozi's birthplace. There must be nine wells in the birthplace of Laozi. Today, there are still nine wells in Gong Jing, one of which has been cleaned. This well is buried deep in the soil, and the fractured wellhead is only three meters away from the surface, and the well is full of silt. The wellhead is 90cm wide and 5.7m deep. It is a large tile cylinder liner made of red, gray and brown sand-filled pottery. The cylinder has a thickness of 6 cm and a height of 35 cm, 36 cm and 37 cm respectively. The bottom of the well is natural sand. A large number of pieces of red pottery and gray pottery household appliances were cleaned up in the well. Red pottery fragments belong to the Spring and Autumn Period, while gray pottery fragments are relics of the Han Dynasty. Pottery patterns include rope patterns, blue patterns and checkered patterns. There are also a few other Han dynasty tiles and eight grindstones used by ancestors, which have obvious friction marks. This well was designated as a well from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty. Of the other eight wells, three were built in the Han Dynasty and the other five were rebuilt in the Song Dynasty. These nine wells exist and are the birthplace of Laozi. As for Suzhou, Fengyang in the south of the Yangtze River, 1864, when the county was founded, the original Xiangpei had moved from Suzhou to Dancheng today. "Jiangnan Tongzhi" Volume 35: "The old county of Dan urban and rural areas is in Renyi Township in southwest Suzhou." Sui Zhi says: There is Weidancheng County in Linhuan County. Dancheng is located 30 kilometers north of Guoyang County, south of Baohe River, a tributary of Huihe River, which is consistent with the geographical position of Historical Map of China (Volume I) edited by Mr. Tan Qixiang. That is to say, there are 17 fragrant villages around Dancheng today, which are Beixiangzhuang, Xixianglou, Xixiangzhuang, Weixiangzi, Xiangtang, Dongxiangtang, Xianglou, Xiangxiangyuan, Dongxiang, Xiaoxiang, Xianglou, Nanxiangzhuang, Xiangmiao, Daxiang, Erxiang, Sanxiang and so on. There is also the site of Guidui in Dancheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. There are a large number of fragments such as pottery ding, pottery beans, pottery bowls and pots on the surface. There are so many villages named after Xiang, which must be the birthplace of Xiang Laozi.
Yangguotian Jinggong Site is located at the entrance of Wujiahe (ancient river valley water, also known as pheasant water), surrounded by water on three sides and Longshan in the north, with quiet environment and extraordinary weather. According to Guoyang County Records, "Tianjing Palace was founded in the eighth year of Yan Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (165), formerly known as Laozi Temple. During the construction of the temple, Emperor Huan sent Zuo Xun and Guan Ba, the constant attendants, to supervise the repair and ordered Chen Xiang to stand a monument for Lao Zi. Since then, in the third year of Cao Wei and Huang (222) and the first year of Sui Dynasty (58 1), the scale of the temple has gradually increased. Li Tang regards Laozi as the ancestor and respects this temple as the ancestral temple, which is built grandly. During the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty (10 14) and the second year of Tianxi (10 18), the temple was rebuilt, and its appearance was better than that of the Tang Dynasty. During the Ding period of Tang and Song Dynasties, Tianjing Palace was grand in scale, magnificent in architecture and layout, and unparalleled at sea. Laojunmiao is in the middle, with Apocalypse Temple in the east, Asking Auditorium, Meteor Garden and Notre Dame Hall in the south, Taixiao Palace and Jade Emperor Temple in the west and Sanqing Hall in the north. In addition, Lingguan Hall, chanting hall, bell tower, Jingting, guest room, Taoist shed, Dong, Yu and stable are all available. There are more than 100 columns, covering an area of 3000 mu, and there are thousands of people in the food industry. Ancient emperors, such as Tang Gaozong and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, have visited Tianjing Palace near the whirlpool for many times to pay tribute to the shrine of Laozi's birthday to show their admiration. At the same time, in recent years, more than 20 stone tablets (including remnants) from Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty have been collected and excavated, all of which were erected to rebuild or repair laojunmiao, Notre Dame, Taixiao Palace and Apocalypse Hall. This means that Gong Jing Palace has always been valued by feudal rulers in history. However, there is no record in the records of Luyi County that the emperor visited and rebuilt the Taiqing Palace many times. The status of Tianjing Palace and Lu Yixi Taiqing Palace can be seen here. At the same time, "Lu Yi Literature and History Data" (the first series) said: "According to county records, the original Taiqing Palace was divided into a front palace and a harem, about half a kilometer apart, and there was a clean river with Huixian Bridge on it. These two palaces cover an area of about 720 mu and have more than 600 buildings of various types. "Comparatively speaking, the Taiqing Palace in Yang Guo is four times as big as that in Lu Yi. Judging from the scale of the building, I was born in Yang Guo. A lot of evidence can be found from some places around Tianjing Palace. There is a white forest in the east of the old gentleman's hall, which contains the tombs of Lao Tzu's grandparents. Ten kilometers northeast, there is Tianxin Palace, that is, Dongtaiqing Palace, where Lao Tzu rides a green cow. To the west is the Notre Dame Hall. There is also Yin's tomb, commonly known as Dui, two kilometers east of Guangdong. Yin Xi, also known as Guanyin Xi and Guan Ling Yin Xi, Guanyin and Guan Ling Yin are official names, while Xi is a person's name. " "Historical Records" contains Laozi, Guan Ling Yin said: "My son will be hidden, and he will write a book for me. "So I wrote a book. Therefore, Yin is called Lao Tzu's great disciple. Taoism respects Yin as the supreme reality, sir. Nine seals were recorded in Hanshu and Shiji, which were regarded as classics by Taoism and called "Shi Wen's works". Yin missed his teacher's kindness, settled in Laozi's hometown in his later years and was buried here after his death. The tomb is about three feet high and is surrounded by acres. The front of the tomb faces the Tianjing Palace in the west. There are two existing tomb gates, with a height of 170cm, a width of 88cm and a thickness of 10cm, and the tomb gates are engraved with the pattern of lying animal heads. Yin can't find the wrong place, and Yin's tomb provides another proof for Lao Zi's birthplace. The main hall where Tianjing Palace is located was under the jurisdiction of Bozhou, Fengyang House, Jiangnan Road in Qing Dynasty, and it has a monument of forty-two years of Qianlong. According to the surviving Taoist priests Zheng and Yuan Zhiliang who are over 80 years old in Tianjing Palace, the 73-year-old man in Zhengdian Village and the 7 1 year-old man in Ximazhuang, there was once a Qurenli monument in Meteor Garden. He also said: Now the main hall, formerly known as the "main hall", is the main hall of the old man, and the East and West Palace are the main halls. Later, it was called Bai, and with the surname of Zheng, it was mistaken for Zhengdian. As for "Guyang County" mentioned in "Expanding the Geography", in Volume 23 of "Zhu", "The valley water enters the vortex water east today, and the vortex water passes through the east of Laozi Temple in the north." "Guyang is the Yang of Valley Water. If we can't find the valley water, my hometown can't be finalized yet. There is no valley water in Lu Yi. There is a clear record in Guangxu's "Lu Yi County Records", and Gu Shui has been discovered today, so it is impossible to verify it. "Guoyang County Records" contains the inscription on the restoration of Chongzhen, including the words "Mountain, Vortex Valley and Two Waters Around". Explain the ancient name of Wujiahe Valley Water. " "Shui Jing Zhu" Volume 24 "Sui Shui" said: "Sui Shui is ripe in the valley, and Sui Shui is divided into Qi Shui, so the branch where Er Shui is located is commonly known as the same name. Shui Gu's name changes because of the place, but Shui Gu is also old. "Wujiahe is connected with Suishui, and its source is ripe in the valley, hence the name Shui Gu." "Yuanfeng Jiu Yu Lu" said: "There is water in the valley, so the county is named after water. "This is why this area was once a famous county town in Guyang.
Various historical materials about Lao Zi's birthplace have not been implemented in Lu Yi, but they have been confirmed here. Many problems in ancient and modern evolution have not been answered in Lu Yi, but they have been satisfactorily solved here. Faced with a large number of unearthed cultural relics and historical originals, people naturally come to the conclusion that Laozi was born in Tianjing Palace in Zhengdian Village, Zhabei Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province, not in Lu Yi. Li Dunkai, vice chairman of the Political Consultative Conference in Xuchang, Henan Province, and deputy director of the Literature and History Committee, also publicly stated after visiting Lao Zi's hometown in Yang Guo that I think Lao Zi should be from Yang Guo.
(Selected from Anhui Journal of Pedagogy, No.2 1993)