2. Differences brought by ideology and culture. China has always been influenced by Confucianism, and his influence on China has been extremely profound and extensive from ancient times to the present. Confucianism preaches that "everything is inferior, only reading is high", but the books it preaches are four books and five classics, and those who love to invent and create are called kit kat, and they are classified as low-ranking craftsmen. There are many old sayings in China, such as "Those who work hard govern the people, and those who work hard govern the people", and "Those who study well become officials". Therefore, smart and talented people are not proud of their strength in science and technology. Those who study science and technology without being an official will never get honor or enter the upper class. Those literate people are addicted to the romance and elegance emphasized by the literati class, spending their time on affairs, playing the piano and singing, playing the piano and playing chess, and drinking and writing poems. What they pursue is the so-called noble spiritual realm of Confucianism, so that they will not think of how to use their knowledge to help mud legs produce labor. The government has no role in promoting technological improvement and invention, nor does it encourage them. In the west, things are different. Christianity emphasizes that everyone is equal before God. Whoever can create wealth and give alms to help the poor will enter heaven. Christians are "a group of intellectuals with dirty nails". This combination of labor and knowledge and the spirit of equality without authority are important factors for scientific development. China has never had a great thinker since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone. The great thinkers in China's history all appeared in the pre-Qin period, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Later China scholars were best at making a fuss about predecessors' classics, from books to books. This shows that the implementation of the policy of respecting Confucius has controlled people's thoughts, and the science that needs innovation and challenging spirit has been deeply stifled.
3. Differences brought by religious culture In the Middle Ages, western society was too exclusive to religion and had great resistance. Many people of insight should study science to get rid of theological superstition. Bacon, for example, sharply criticized scholasticism's contempt for nature and strangulation of the truth of natural science, so his new theory was based on natural science, and he later became an epoch-making figure in the history of western philosophy and science. He actively thought that in order to give science a space for survival and development, he put forward the "double truth theory", that is, the theory of non-interference between science and religion. He put forward the argument of scientific revival, pointing out that scientific development has a great impetus to social development. Descartes advocated rationalism against scholasticism and introduced concrete scientific research against scholasticism and formalism. In order to criticize and liquidate the scholasticism, he advocated that people should use "rationality" to review the concepts accepted in the past before they know each other, which laid the foundation for the western scientific spirit. The Greek concept is characterized by an eternal original motive or external creator, so the motive of Greek natural science is to discover the laws of the cosmic order set by the creator. The long-term religious rule in the west also conforms to this view. Many Renaissance scientists were theologians at first, and they even studied the stars in order to find God in the sky. But in the end, they proved through their own research that God did not exist, so the resistance was even stronger. Scholars in China have no motivation to get rid of superstition and theology, because religion has not completely occupied a dominant position in China since ancient times. At the same time, because China has been well fed and clothed, people's worship of God is not so heavy. Of course, at the same time, the motivation to reform social productive forces was not so great, and agriculture could achieve good results without much scientific and technological help at that time, which caused the slow progress of science and technology in China in the later period. The darkness of western religious supremacy also affected the reform of education. /kloc-in the 4th century, at the beginning of the Renaissance, young people gathered around scholars who could explain classical works. These scholars opposed the original religious education by opening schools and reforming the teaching content, which opened the precedent of western new education. After the Renaissance, natural science education became a part of western formal education. In China, however, there is no such situation of breaking the rule of dark religion. Scholars always follow the old ways and only teach Confucianism, so there is no new learning. Western religion is an expanding religion. Their missionaries went all over the world to impose their religion on people all over the world, but there was never such a tradition in China. Taoism is a native religion. When have we ever seen Taoist priests travel all over the world and lose their religious views to others? The religious expansion in the west even uses the army to expand, and those who don't accept their religion will be killed. Has the religion of China ever done such a thing? Taoists all live in the deep mountains, and some people come to ask for help, but they are also left and right choices, so they refuse to accept it easily. At the same time, these missionaries engaged in religious expansion played a very important role in strengthening exchanges. The communication between Kyle and Poirot was entrusted by the Inquisition. 1698 The first contact between France and Poseidon was also a gift from the priests to Emperor Kangxi, including colorful silks and satins, porcelain and tea that the French had never seen before. At that time, the French had never seen these. Tea is called the magic leaf by them, and they think it can cure all diseases, which soon set off a craze for drinking tea in Europe. Science is the product of communication. Many times scientific inventions and discoveries come from analogy, so this religious expansion in the West has also played some unexpected roles.