Based on the construction management experience of local railways in China for nearly 50 years, the advantages and disadvantages of three main operation management modes of local railways, namely, entrusting state-owned railways, entrusting regional third-party groups (companies) and independent operation management, are analyzed. Taking the proposed Bai Chi local railway as an example, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the scheme selection of local railway operation and management mode.

Keywords: local railway; State-owned railway; Operation; Management mode; plan

Local railways refer to special railways invested and managed by governments or companies of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and are the extension and supplement of state-owned railway networks. Local railways can not only relieve the pressure of tight transportation capacity of state-owned railways, but also have great significance for improving railway network structure and optimizing productivity layout. Reasonable determination of local railway operation and management mode can achieve the goal of obtaining the best economic benefits with the least investment and the best management.

1 local railway operation management mode

The local railways in China began in the late 1950s. During the nearly half century's construction, local railways have experienced rise (1 95 8- 1 95 9), adjustment and rectification (1960- 1965), development (1966-l975) and wandering. By the end of 2003, the mileage of local railways in China was close to 5,000 kilometers. Comprehensive analysis of the construction and management experience of local railways in recent 50 years shows that the main management modes of local railways can be divided into the following three modes.

1. 1 entrusted state-owned railway management mode

The management mode of entrusted state-owned railway is characterized by the construction of lines invested or financed by local governments (companies). Local railways are branch lines of state-owned railway network, and transportation production, organization and equipment maintenance are managed by state-owned railways in a unified way. This management mode can give full play to the dual functions of local railways and road networks.

(1) Advantages of entrusting state-owned railway management mode: ① Local railways are integrated into the whole railway network, and unified dispatching and command by state-owned railways will play a certain role in improving railway network structure and optimizing productivity distribution; (2) The information systems of local railways and state-owned railways shall be built according to the principles of unified planning, unified standards, unified norms, unified development and unified application, so as to reduce repeated development and capital investment; (3) Locomotive and rolling stock are uniformly supplied and maintained by state-owned railways, saving one-time investment; (4) Avoid many links in the handover of local railways and state-owned railway vehicles; ⑤ On the premise that both parties operate independently, they sign economic contracts to promote the optimal allocation of resources by the market mechanism and form a unity of mutual cooperation and benefit sharing.

(2) Disadvantages of entrusting the state-owned railway management mode: ① Because the locomotives and rolling stock of local railways are provided by state-owned railways, the quantity, types and loading plans of local railways are restricted by state-owned railways, and their autonomy is poor; ② The operating cost cannot be directly controlled, which is not conducive to the implementation of modern enterprise management in local railways.

1.2 management mode of entrusting regional third-party groups (companies)

The management mode of the third-party group (company) in the entrusted area is characterized by entrusting other joint venture railway groups (companies) in the built local railway areas to take charge, and the two sides set up a board of directors or the same management institution, and the local government (company) only retains the property rights or submits them to the joint venture railway group (company) together with the property rights, and its administration and business are also managed by it. This model can make full use of the management practice and experience of the joint venture railway group (company) for many years and give full play to its resource advantages.

(1) Advantages of the management mode of entrusting regional groups (companies): ① Local railways and regional groups (companies) are located in the same province and have geographical advantages, which can give full play to the existing advantages of enterprises and human resources of regional railway groups (companies); (2) Facilitate the coordination of transportation organizations and reduce the vehicle handover links; (3) The enterprise management systems of the two companies are similar, which is convenient for both parties to cooperate and enjoy benefits.

(2) Disadvantages of the management mode of entrusting regional groups (companies): ① Due to the entrustment of regional groups (companies), the daily operation and traffic organization adjustment of local railways are controlled by regional companies and state-owned railways, with poor flexibility and little autonomy; (2) The inability to directly control operating costs is not conducive to the implementation of modern enterprise management system in local railways.

1.3 Independent operation management mode

Independent management mode is an enterprise management mode integrating loan, construction, operation and repayment. Set up a local railway (limited liability) company, form a self-operated railway integrating production, supply, marketing and transportation, operate independently, be responsible for its own profits and losses, and accept the guidance and help of state-owned railways in business. This operation and management mode can establish a management system that is managed according to the technical standards of state-owned railways and operated according to local railways.

(1) Advantages of self-management mode: ① Self-management mode has industry characteristics; (2) Clear division of labor and clear responsibilities, which can make full use of the transportation capacity of the line; (3) It is convenient for enterprise internal organization and management, enterprise cost control and improvement of various rules and regulations; ④ Under the requirements of interface standards, each information system can fully meet the special needs of local railways, and the system construction period is short; ⑤ It is beneficial to introduce competition mechanism, promote marketing by setting reasonable freight rates, form an independent business entity, and realize enterprise and social benefits.

(2) Lack of independent management mode, the choice and scheme of local railway management mode, Ma Jianyi, etc. ① There are many handover links between local railways and state-owned railway vehicles, the transportation organization is uncoordinated, and the business technical standards are not suitable; (2) There are many subsidiaries within the company and the management span is large; (3) The self-operated mode has a large one-time investment and lacks experience in operation and management.

2 local railway operation and management mode scheme selection

The choice of local railway operation management mode is a multi-factor, multi-objective and multi-choice decision-making demonstration process, which must be adapted to local conditions. Taking the proposed local railway from Chifeng to Bai Yinhua via Daban as an example, the scheme selection of local railway operation and management mode is determined.

2. 1 Basic Survey of Local Railways in Bai Chi

Bai Chi local railway is located in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, Xilingol League. It is jointly invested and built by China Power Investment Corporation, Huomei Group and Inner Mongolia Electric Power Company. The line starts from Chifeng Station of Jingtong Line of State-owned Railway in the south, passes through Songshan District of Chifeng City and wudan Town of Wengniute Banner, reaches Daban Station of Jitong Railway in the north, and then extends to Bai Yinhua, the end of the line in the northwest. The total length of the main line is about 373 km. The line connects the inland border areas such as Bai Yinhua Coalfield and Ximeng in Inner Mongolia in the north, and directly reaches the coastal areas such as western Liaoning and southern Liaoning in the south, forming a road network connecting Jitong Railway and Jingtong Railway, which plays an important liaison and auxiliary role in the road network and becomes a convenient sea passage leading to Jingshan Railway and Jinzhou Port in central and eastern Inner Mongolia. With the development of China-Mongolia port, it will become an important part of the international railway passage from Junggar to Chifeng, forming a new Eurasian continental bridge and promoting international exchanges.

2.2 Suggestions on the operation and management mode of Chiba Dabai local railway.

The integration scheme of local railways in Bai Chi involves the Jitong line under the jurisdiction of Jitong Railway Co., Ltd. and the state-owned railway under the jurisdiction of Shenyang Railway Bureau. Jitong line is located in Inner Mongolia, with obvious geographical advantages. Coal transportation plays an important role in the composition of two-line traffic volume, and the main traffic flow is distributed in the regional railways, which can give full play to the advantages of Jitong Company's existing enterprises and human resources. If Chidabai local railway is managed by Jitong Company, its daily operation and traffic flow organization and deployment are controlled by Jitong Company and state-owned railway, so its flexibility and autonomy are poor. The state-owned railway is in a monopoly position in this region, and its escrow will be bound to a high degree, which is not conducive to the competitiveness of the company.

In view of the geographical location and customer characteristics of Chiba Dabai local railway, and drawing lessons from the economic benefits of domestic Xu Pei railway and the successful experience of increasing freight volume, it is suggested that Chiba Dabai local railway adopt the mode of independent operation. This model is beneficial for enterprises to strengthen their management consciousness, carry out joint-stock reform, establish a modern enterprise system, and form an independent, complete and reasonable business entity that adapts to the competition in the transportation market, so that the company has long-term development potential and conforms to the development direction of the company under the conditions of market economy. At the same time, it undertakes and plays the role of the road network as a link to meet the needs of national defense and create greater benefits for national and local economic construction.

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