The basic structure of the thesis: The National Bureau of Standards 1987 promulgated the Compilation Format of Scientific and Technological Reports, Dissertations and Academic Papers (GB77 13-87) and the Descriptive Rules of References after Papers (GB77 14-87) 1. The general format is: (1) title. Unusual omissions, abbreviations, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided, and the number of words should generally not exceed 20 titles. (2) the author's name and unit, more than two people, generally according to the size of the contribution. (1) Writers should be responsible for themselves; ② Record the results; (3) Easy to retrieve (3) Abstract: It is a brief statement of the content of the paper without comments. Chinese abstracts are generally less than 300 words, and you can get important information from them without reading the full text. There are 250 notional words in foreign languages, including: (1) the importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; (3) the overall research results, outstanding new insights, and clarification of the final conclusion. The focus is on the results and conclusions. (4) keywords. Select 3-7 words or terms from the paper to express the information items of the full text, and there is a special thesaurus. (5) Introduction. (6) Conclusion: refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple summary of each paragraph in the text. Concise. ⑻ Acknowledgement: Express gratitude to those who helped to write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words. (9) Bibliography (Note (10) Appendix: indicate the text and charts attached to the text, etc. The basic composition of the second text is 1, and the basic composition of academic papers is prepositions: title, author, abstract, keywords. The main part is introduction (. Conclusion, notes, references and postscript (thanks) 2. The basic composition of the text: introduction, conclusion of this paper (linear reasoning) (parallel analysis) ⑴ Outline items: the content outline of the basic argument of the topic, major items (the upper argument, the purpose of a large paragraph), middle items (the lower argument, the purpose of a paragraph) ① Small item title (the center of a paragraph, a material). Sentence writing that is not easy to be misunderstood by others: specific and clear; 3. Outline writing (1) Paper writing design: (level 3 title) 1, 2, 13, 2 1.3 2. 3.4, writing order and drafting method (1) natural order: conclusion-this theory-conclusion reverse order: this theory-conclusion (2) method (first draft) in one go. Written in part .5, the academic paper has a unified structure and a complete standardized paragraph (another ambiguous paragraph, an incomplete paragraph) (1) The main sentences at the beginning and end of the paragraph indicate the purpose of the paragraph. (There are also paragraphs or both ends) (1) The capacity is appropriate, and generally there are more long paragraphs, expressing: (1) Clear views; (2) Pay attention to the method in structure; (3) Describe clearly. 7. revision: focus on the whole and start from the big picture. First, the whole, then the part; First point of view, then material; First chapter, last sentence 8. Citation and annotation (1) Citation: Try to quote as little as possible, don't take it out of context, take into account that readers don't understand, quote and explain clearly, and generally don't quote unpublished materials. (2) Notes: footnotes, chapters, section notes and endnotes in paragraphs should be marked with symbols, generally using ① ② ③, and "*" (asterisk) can be added if there are few notes. (3) The purpose of marking styles: 1 is to meet the actual needs of readers for verification and retrieval. (2) It is a necessary "attachment" to standardized academic research, which shows the vision, quality, level, interest and many other aspects of an academic achievement. (3) The attitude towards annotations also reflects the author's academic attitude. For example, quoting other people's opinions or statements without making comments or not being objective in comments, indicating the real source in detail, saying second-hand information as first-hand information and so on. , are in violation of academic ethics. 2. Format of comments 1. Chinese notes A. Description of monograph citation: (1) Use the title and title directly after the author's name; (2) When quoting a translated work, the translator's name must be indicated, usually after the title of the book and before the place of publication; (3) If there is no restriction on an author, the author's name should be separated by a pause; If there are more than two authors, you can write the name of the first author and add the word "equal". Omit other authors after it; These two points also apply to translators; (4) If there is a subtitle in the title, it should be separated from the title by a dash, such as The Veil of the Selected Works of the Pope of Geneva College of Literature; (5) If it is cited as multiple volumes, the number of volumes should be placed directly after the book number, with no comma in the middle. (6) If the publisher's name already contains the place of publication, it is unnecessary to indicate the place of publication. B. Reference and Compilation Notes: (1) After the name of the editor, the words "Editor" and "Editor-in-Chief" must be clearly indicated according to the original information. (8) The page number of the citation should be as accurate as possible. If the quotation spans two pages, it should be noted. Two. If a foreign language annotation refers to a foreign language work, the copyright information of the original work should be given, so that readers can find the original text without translating it into Chinese. A. Description of the cited monograph: (1) Put a comma between the author and the title; (2) The title of the book must be put in a bag in italics, without the title; (3) Book titles are separated by colons or commas without dashes; (4) If the cited work is translated, the translator shall be indicated. B. Citation compilation C. Citation anthology or publication article D. Citation newspaper article