1. Profile:
Arthur schopenhauer (German: arthur schopenhauer, 1788-65438 February 22 +0860 September 2 1860), a famous German philosopher, was the first person who openly opposed rationalism in the history of philosophy, initiated irrational philosophy, and was also one of the founders and main representatives of voluntarism.
Schopenhauer was born in a banker's family in Danzig, Germany (now Poland, renamed Gdansk), and he was withdrawn from childhood. His father, Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, was a very successful businessman and later committed suicide by drowning himself. Her mother, johanna schopenhauer, was a famous writer at that time, and she had contacts with Goethe and other writers. The relationship between him and his mother was always bad, and the gap was deep, and finally the relationship broke down. Schopenhauer inherited his father's property and made him live a rich life all his life. After he died of pneumonia, Schopenhauer donated all his property to charity. You can see him in many books.
2. Philosophical thoughts
Schopenhauer was full of praise for Kant. In the title of the appendix criticizing Kant's philosophy, he quoted Voltaire's words: true geniuses can make mistakes without being accused, which is their privilege.
Schopenhauer pointed out: Kant's greatest achievement is not his epistemology, but his distinction between appearances and things themselves. He pointed out that Kant mistakenly believed that perception included imagination, which confused intuition and thinking. Kant constructed the theory that perceptual intuition and intellectual twelve categories * * * constitute empirical objects. Schopenhauer found that according to this theory, the world of representation became both intuitive and thinking, neither intuitive nor thinking. Moreover, it is obviously unreasonable for such animals to either have thinking or even lose the appearance of the outside world.
3. Personality assessment
Arthur schopenhauer (1788- 1860) is a German philosopher. He studied medicine and philosophy at the University of G? ttingen in his early years. After receiving his doctorate, he studied Indian philosophy and Buddhism in Weimar and Dresden. He inherited Kant's distinction between phenomena and things themselves. Unlike Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, who abolished the thing itself, he insisted on the thing itself and pointed out that it could be recognized by intuition and determined as will. Will is independent of time and space, and all reason and knowledge are subordinate to it. Only in aesthetic meditation can people escape from it. Schopenhauer linked his famous extreme pessimism with this theory, pointing out that the domination of will can only lead to nothingness and pain in the end. His understanding of the oppression and distortion of the mind's submission to organs, desires and impulses laid the foundation for the emergence of psychoanalysis in psychology. His writing style is fluent and his thinking is clear, and his later prose-style exposition has a great influence on the poeticization of later philosophical works. [ 16]?
Schopenhauer is one of the few philosophers that Wittgenstein has read and appreciated. It influenced many philosophers such as Nietzsche and Sartre, and opened up irrational philosophy. Nietzsche appreciated his works very much and wrote a letter to Schopenhauer as an educator in memory of him. Wagner dedicated the opera The Ring of Nibelungen to Schopenhauer. Mo Bosang called him "the greatest dream destroyer in human history". Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, was also deeply influenced by Schopenhauer. He commented on Song Ci with Schopenhauer's theory in his book "The Thorn on Earth". He also developed Redology with the help of his own theory and made great achievements.