There are three steps in learning to write:
1, learn basic vocabulary and grammar. At this time, there is generally no writing training, and even if there is, it only plays the role of practicing vocabulary and grammar. Generally speaking, this kind of exercise is very simple, emphasizing that learners must use correct vocabulary and grammar.
2. Pay equal attention to language and content. At this time, learners have mastered some basic vocabulary and grammar of the language and can express their simple ideas in the language.
3. Mainly emphasize the content. When learners have a certain grasp of vocabulary and grammar and can use it to express relatively complex ideas, they basically enter the third stage. At this time, language is not the biggest obstacle, and how to write good content has become the top priority. At this stage, learners are concerned about how to choose materials and how to organize articles. Some people say that only this third stage of writing is real writing. This statement may be biased, but successful writing must reach this third stage.
2. The close-up composition is 600 words. In my opinion, since it is news, it must be true and credible. At the same time, news is a way to spread information, which requires conciseness.
News has a certain structure, which is roughly as follows: title (topic)-introduction (usually the simplest thing to say)-text (that is, the details of news)-summary (that is, the end)
Writing news is very different from writing in school Chinese class. As long as the words are fluent, the narrative is clear and the writing is beautiful, it is a good composition, which does not necessarily require truth, nor is it for publication. News is a report of recent facts, which should face readers and consider their interests, and also has the task of publicizing the party's policies. The genre of news is also relatively clear, and writing also has its own requirements. Let's start with three main news genres. First, putting on airs before writing an article is the basis of all writing. Before you start writing, you must think about what to write and determine the central idea, which is usually reflected in the topic. However, in the manuscript, it is often seen that the title does not match the content or the topic is small. Then I have to think about how to write, put on airs for the article, what to say first, and then what to say. What kind of material to use at last, and so on. However, in the submission, many articles obviously lack thinking about the structure, and the phenomenon of digression, improper details and repeated phrases is very serious. These two points should be self-evident for news writing, but there are too many problems in this area, including some full-time journalists, which often ignore these most basic writing requirements. I speak fluently, but I don't understand. Therefore, when talking about specific writing, first, please think for yourself: what do I want to write and how am I going to write it (including using various materials). Second, news writing is the most common news genre. Its purpose is to report the latest facts and propaganda to readers in concise and objective words. The objectivity principle of news does not allow journalists to comment or make judgments in it. Even if they want to report and publicize something, they should "speak with facts" and choose the facts to report. Journalists can't comment on the news. Fact news generally adopts an inverted pyramid structure, that is, the whole news arranges narrative levels and paragraphs according to the importance according to all aspects of a fact, thus forming the following "top-heavy" or "anticlimactic" reporting structure: 1. Introduction. The most important or wonderful part of the fact, or the most important and wonderful words of the key point of the fact, should be regarded as the first language. 2. Materials that further explain or illustrate the facts mentioned in the introduction. These materials are arranged in order of priority and can be divided into several paragraphs. 3. The necessary background materials are also arranged in order of importance. 4. Secondary auxiliary materials. If such news is abridged from behind, leaving only an introduction or even a sentence, it can still exist independently. And tell the reader clearly what happened. Obviously, the lead plays an important role in news and must be written well. There are four main types of guidance: factual guidance: general guidance; Descriptive introduction; Delay in advance. We should decide which one to adopt according to the specific situation. There are two key points to grasp: to understand the key points of reporting facts; Find verbs or phrases that can impress readers and guide them to continue reading in time. The introduction generally involves the following four aspects: 1, which briefly tells readers specific and clear facts; 2. The time when the fact happened; 3. News sources; 4. Place of occurrence. Other common news structures, as well as cumulative interest structure, time series structure, summary structure, etc. Thirdly, communication writing reports the facts in detail and eclectically, thus forming another major news genre-communication. Communication and * * * have the same feature, that is, to comprehensively report the recent facts in the way of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. Both events and people should be reported frequently. Through people's activities and thoughts, facts are generally perceptual, which is the charm of communication. Communication and cooperation are more flexible than news, which allows journalists to express their tendencies (of course, some communications can also be reported objectively), but it is not easy to write well, because it requires more solid writing skills. Communication needs a very clear theme, and refining the communication theme is usually the key to the success of communication. This requires an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of facts. Understand the background and spirit of the times. From this aspect, we can see the author's analytical ability and ideological level. The types of communication structures are flexible and diverse, and there are three common types: 1, and the "one-stop" type, that is, the vertical structure in time. 2, "broken watermelon" type, that is, the horizontal structure in space. 3, "peeling bamboo shoots", that is, from simple expression to deep development.
3. How to write a news bulletin? Oh, my God! How does this space explain such a big problem here? This course will last for one semester at school. Simply find some information for your reference. That's what newspapers write. If it is radio and television news, we should pay attention to colloquialism, use less written language and use more simple spoken language. In addition, due to the special linear propagation of broadcasting, we should avoid using long sentences and complex sentences and use more simple sentences. Then there is the need to use fewer numbers, especially in radio news, which is difficult to remember.
News writing method
First, the characteristics of news
1, short and pithy: news should be short and pithy, which is the basic requirement of news writing. For small reporters, writing short messages is convenient to report news facts quickly and timely, and at the same time, it also exercises their writing ability; As far as readers read news, it is easy to read.
2. Vivid and concise language: Only vivid and concise language can attract readers.
3. "Inverted pyramid" structure: News writing is to write the most important and freshest facts at the front of the news, and rank them first according to the importance of the facts and the attention of readers. The more important the contents are, the more interested the readers are, and the more they should be put forward, and then decrease in turn. This is called "inverted pyramid" structure in news writing.
Second, several writing methods of news leads
1. Narrative lead writing: refers to speaking directly with objective facts, concisely reflecting the most important and fresh facts in the news, giving people a general impression, thus prompting them to read the full text.
2. Writing of descriptive lead: According to eyewitnesses, the reporter gives a concise and distinctive description of the main facts or a meaningful aspect of the facts reported in the news, providing readers with an image and giving people a vivid and concrete impression. This is a general feature of descriptive guidance. Usually used at the beginning to attract readers and enhance the appeal of news.
3. Writing of the introduction of argumentative essays: narrative discussion is often used to lead to news facts through extremely moderate and measured comments. It is generally divided into three forms: comment, quotation and rhetorical question.
Third, learn to use news background materials appropriately.
Background materials occupy a certain position in many news and are indispensable contents in news articles. Explaining the background should vary from manuscript to manuscript as needed, and be closer to the theme. In addition, the background should not be explained too much, and the materials should be lively.
Writing methods of news communication
1. Communication type: generally divided into "character communication, event communication, work communication and style communication".
Second, the characteristics of communication
Communication is a detailed and in-depth report, and it is also a news media with various forms of expression. The communication report is vivid and infectious.
Third, people's communication: it is communication with informants as the main content.
Its basic requirements and methods are: (1) reflecting the characteristics of the present era; Write the characteristics of the characters; Use the behavior of the characters to express the characters. Generally speaking, there are two ways to write it. One is a comprehensive report on a character's life or a certain stage or an aspect; There is no comprehensive report on the characters, but a specific situation, a few simple strokes, writing the spirit and characteristics of the characters, or making a profile report.
Event communication: This is a type of communication that reports major or abnormal events. This is a report on an event that has aroused widespread concern recently.
1, its basic requirements and methods are as follows: narrative should have a clear purpose; The event plot should be clearly named and the clues should be clear; Narration should be vivid, flexible in using various means of expression, highlighting key points and sketchy in details; Choose good characters in narration and pay attention to concise and vivid images in writing characters.
2. Language characteristics and detailed description of communication: As a news media, communication requires accuracy, preciseness, conciseness, vividness, concreteness and conciseness; Write communication in catchy popular language, with strong sense of color.
Five, several problems that should be paid attention to in news writing
1, beginners can "draw a red mold", start from practice, learn while practicing, and imitate other things to learn.
The most important feature of writing news is novelty. The closer the event is to the release time, the better.
3. Writing more short news can expand the information content of the page, which is especially advocated by various newspapers.
4. How to write the concept of communication in news communication
Communication is a form of news reporting that concretely, vividly and vividly reflects news events or typical people by means of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. It is a kind of narrative, which is often used in newspapers, radio stations and news agencies.
Characteristics of communication
Generally speaking, communication has four characteristics:
(1) Strict authenticity.
(2) objectivity of reporting.
(3) strong timeliness.
(4) Vividness of description.
Communication type
(1) According to the content, communication is generally divided into character communication, event communication, character file communication and work communication.
(2) Communication is divided into general note communication, interview notes (interviews with people), short stories, collections, tour, documentary, stories, close-ups, sketches, sidelights, essays and interview notes.
Communication writing
First, the theme should be clear. With a clear theme, there is a standard for selecting materials, and there is a basis for the beginning, transition, * * and ending.
Second, the materials should be accurate. According to the requirements of the theme, weigh the materials; Write down the most typical, attractive and reflective materials.
Third, writing people is inseparable from things, and writing things is writing people. Of course, people should be written in character communication, even in event communication, character profile communication and work communication, and people should not be forgotten. Of course, writing is inseparable from writing. Writing people without examples, details and plots must be empty.
Fourth, the angle should be novel. Writing methods should be flexible and diverse. In addition to narrative, it can be described and discussed, and it can also be interspersed with dialogues and self-narratives of characters, as well as the author's experiences and feelings. It can be reported in the form of the third person, or written as interviews, impressions, letters and diaries in the first person. News facts reported in communication can be observed and reflected from different angles, such as front, back, side, bird's eye view, head-up, look down, look up, look down, and examine ... Different angles have different impressions. If you can carefully choose the best angle to write, you can often make the manuscript suddenly add new ideas, write unique and fascinating.
5. How to write a news composition? As the expression of news content, news genre is also the most commonly used way to classify news content. It often classifies news according to the basic nature of news content, including news, news dissemination, special reports, news interviews, news analysis and comments.
Generally speaking, news reports are simple facts, highlighting the freshest and most important facts, with concise words and the strongest timeliness. Communication is a news genre that reports objective facts or typical people in more detail and vividly than news. It focuses on narration and description, and reports influential people, events, work experiences and local conditions and customs in real life in time by means of discussion, lyricism and rhetoric.
Close-up is an important expressive genre in news genre. With description as the main method, the "instant" visual reports of news events and news figures are reproduced. It captures some important scenes of news events and news figures, or one or two fragments with special significance, and makes a concentrated and prominent description with descriptive techniques, which magnifies and reproduces the real events in front of readers and leaves a deep impression on people. News interview is a report written by a reporter after selecting the interviewee in advance and interviewing specific people, styles, events and scenery on the spot. It is a highly readable news genre that integrates news, ideas, knowledge and interest.
News commentary is an article that puts forward some opinions and opinions on the latest news. It is a clearly targeted and instructive style of current political commentary, and it is the general name of various forms of commentary in the news media. All these news-related genres are indispensable forms in the network news resource system. From the perspective of news writing, they constructed the organizational form of network news resources.
Genre belongs to the basic level of the internal form of news resources. All kinds of news resources have a common genre that meets their own positioning and content expression needs. Starting from the internal relationship between the nature of resources and genres, we should grasp the characteristics and performance functions of genres, closely focus on exerting the complementary functions of various genres, and rationally mobilize and skillfully use various news genres.
As for genre norms, it is more about news writing, which is consistent with the normative requirements of traditional media news writing, so I won't go into details here.
6. What is the writing method of special stories? Special reports need to pay attention to the following points:
First of all, special reports will never forget "new" and "special"
"Novelty" is the basic attribute of news, and it is also the feature and essence of special reports. The "new" in feature stories should at least include: the content written is news stories and news events that have happened and been discovered recently.
2. On-the-spot interview is the premise and foundation for writing a special report.
Only by going deep into the first scene of news events can reporters master first-hand materials and ensure the authenticity of news. Follow the footsteps of national leaders and witness major diplomatic activities.
Third, select a "shot" (or select a fragment and details of a news event, usually cutting the * * * part of the news event), and appropriately "zoom in" locally to see the big picture from the small.
We should be good at selecting fresh news facts with great news value, so as to make the close-up stories thick and three-dimensional.
Fourth, the detail is the vitality of close-up, touching, well described and vivid.
Detail refers to the smallest unit that describes the character, factual scene, natural environment, unfolding plot, etc. In narrative works, harmony is an important means to express the theme in news works such as communication, feature and reportage.
Close-up stories grasp the characteristics of details and news events, capture vivid images, capture the dynamics and trends of people and things, and easily arouse the interest of the audience.
Fifth, the story of emotional injection is as touching as the pearls embedded in the "necklace".
Making a fuss about "feelings" and "stories", a close-up story without a story is like water without a source, a tree without a root; How can a close-up without feelings be touching? We should be good at properly expressing people's emotions, worries and fears in stories, so that feelings can be integrated into stories, and feelings and stories can be mixed and touching.
Sixth, feature stories must be thoughtful and have the functions of inspiring, educating, guiding and learning from others.
The theme of a special report can be reflected by the title or pointed out by the author.
Extended data
The premise of close-up stories is that journalists will personally interview news events, which can not only integrate things, reason, emotion and scenery, but also be good at image, vividness, liveliness and vividness.
It vividly magnifies and reproduces typical news figures or events in the form of close-up shots in the film, so that the news facts that have happened can be reproduced in front of the audience, making them feel as if they were there, hearing their voices and seeing their people, as if they were "brought into" the scene, which has strong visual impact, emotional effect and traction that arouses association.
7. How to write junior high school Chinese composition, news, communication, first, the characteristics of news
1, concise, narrative lead writing: Do you speak directly with objective facts? This course will last for one semester at school. Clues should be clear and simple, and communicate the spirit and character of the characters. Simply find some information for your reference and briefly reflect the most important news by summarizing or summarizing. The report is vivid and infectious.
Third, use simple sentences, vivid, concrete and true, use simple and easy-to-understand spoken English, practice while learning, and imitate others' learning.
2. The most important feature is novelty, and the closer the activity is to the publication time, the better.
3. Several problems should be paid attention to in news writing.
1, beginners can "draw a red mold" in writing. This is what newspapers write, which is easy to understand; Write communication in catchy popular language, with strong sense of color.
Five, write more short messages, and then decrease in turn. This is called "inverted pyramid" structure in news writing.
Second, make a more comprehensive report; There is no comprehensive report about the characters.
Writing a feature news about yourself is one of the varieties of news communication and an important part of newspaper news form. As a news genre that integrates stories, truth, emotions and scenery, feature plays an increasingly important role in enhancing the readability of newspapers. How to make special reports show new features and play a greater role in the new historical period according to the changes in readers' needs and the rich development of news laws? Accurately grasping the essence and essence of the word "new", trying to tap the potential of the word "smell", constantly working hard on the word "specialized" and making a fuss about the word "writing" are the directions and goals that journalists and amateur journalists should strive for.
Write "new"
Novelty is the basic attribute of news, and it is also the feature and essence of special reports. The so-called "new" should embody at least three meanings in close-up stories: first, the content written is a recent story, that is, an event with strong news timeliness, not an old story; Second, the content written is the newly discovered news stories and news events. Although it didn't happen recently, it was discovered recently and never found or noticed before. Third, the originality of writing methods, skills, structure and language can give people a refreshing feeling. There is nothing new in content or form, so it can't be a "feature film".
Write "things"
Things are stories, events and things. Without stories, stories are like water without sources and trees without roots. The "thing" here has several attributes: first, it is a real thing. Reporting facts is the basic requirement of press law. Some people think that close-up stories can imitate literary creation, and he can fabricate the plot and content of the story, which is wrong. Things in close-up stories must be absolutely true, completely true. No matter when, where, who, what to say and do, and what environment, there can be no fiction and no water. The second is something new. It can't be old chaff and rotten millet, it must be novel, fresh and distinctive, that is, something that can make people feel refreshed. The third is specific things. Since it is a close-up, it should be tangible, vivid and audible, just like a TV close-up, which makes people see, touch and hear. It must not be simply summarized, but it should be as detailed as possible.
Write "people"
It is a common problem in many news articles and a taboo in special reports. Everything depends on human effort, and everything depends on human effort. When we write close-up stories, we should set off people with things, bring things with people, and integrate people. What's the protagonist's surname? What is the natural background, family background and historical background? What are your personal hobbies and characteristics? His position and role in news events should be explained as clearly as possible when conditions permit.
9. How to write a press release in news format There are many formats, all of which are constantly explored in the development of journalism, and the formats are different in different periods.
One is the "inverted pyramid" style originated from the American press. This format is widely imitated because it caters to the audience's acceptance psychology. Now many domestic metropolis newspapers use this format. The basic format (except the title) is: write the most newsworthy part of a news event in the introduction (newsworthy is the most prominent, latest and attractive part of the news). For example, after a ball game, what the audience/readers/listeners want most is the result or the performance of a player, so write from here first.
Secondly, in the body of the report, according to the importance of each element of the incident, it is written down in descending order, and the last is the least important. At the same time, note that only one event element can be written in a paragraph, but not all.
Because this format does not conform to the basic time sequence of event development, we should try our best to conceive from the perspective of the audience and arrange the event elements according to the audience's understanding of the importance of the event. Therefore, we need long-term practical experience and a macro understanding of the audience.
The other is the combination of Chinese and foreign-Xinhua style. China's news reports generally follow the chronological order, but this "storytelling" writing style is no longer suitable for the reading habits of the audience (most people don't have time to listen to your long speeches), so the "Xinhua Style" was born under the condition of absorbing the advantages of Chinese and foreign news reports.
The basic format (except the title) is: 1. The most important part of the event is concisely reflected in the introduction. Secondly, in the second paragraph, this important part of the introduction is further elaborated to form a support so that the audience will not form a psychological gap when accepting it.
So the second paragraph is actually a transition. Third, tell stories in chronological order.
The above are common news reporting formats. Headlines are very important for news reports, and even a headline is a report.
Therefore, the title should refine the "essence" of news events, reflect the most attractive places, and be concise at the same time. If necessary, you can add a quotation before the main title and then a subtitle.
If you want to write a long investigative report and in-depth report, you should pay attention to adding some subtitles to the text according to the need of clear narrative of the event, so as to summarize part of the content and make it easy for the audience to read (for print media). In addition, a format called "Wall Street Journal" (DEE) is very popular recently. The main feature of this format is a "shot" in the news event at the beginning of the article, which is generally based on a person's words and deeds, thus leading to the whole news report, such as the news that the central bank is going to raise the mortgage interest rate. News reports can be written from the housing loan behavior of an ordinary citizen, which is closer to reality, the masses and life.
In addition to the above, we should also pay attention to some details, such as the text should be connected first, like "this newspaper"; In this paper, direct quotations are used as much as possible, and journalists' views are expressed as little as possible; Writing should be smooth, not difficult or something. Finally, news reporting is actually a very personalized and organized behavior. Individuals can have their own characteristics, and a newspaper can have its own principles.
But one thing can't be abandoned, that is, any format should be written in the fastest, simplest and most satisfactory format for the audience. This is the "truth" of news reports. News can be divided into news and communication.
The general composition of the message is: title, introduction, main background, and the ending of Huang Xiuxian and Wang Xiuxian.