With the advent of the network economy era and the quiet rise of e-commerce, the online banking business of online banks has attracted the attention of commercial banks. How to realize online payment in online banking, organically combine information flow, capital flow and logistics in e-commerce to realize real e-commerce is the primary problem to be considered in developing online banking. Strong network scale and fast material distribution are the foundation of e-commerce development, and secure online payment is the key to e-commerce development. This paper intends to make a rough discussion on this issue and discuss it with readers and friends.
First, online payment is the key to the development of e-commerce.
Any commodity transaction or service supply, whether there is corresponding logistics or not, is an essential part of fund settlement. Only after the completion of capital settlement, the transaction was finally completed. Under the current banking system in China, the settlement of funds between the two parties to the transaction is realized by means of postal service, electronic remittance or electronic inter-bank, bills, credit cards and other payment instruments or telegraphic transfer. This traditional settlement method is difficult to meet the needs of e-commerce online transactions in timeliness and convenience.
In e-commerce, business-to-business BtoB, business-to-consumer BtoC and consumer-to-consumer CtoC may not know each other. The process of online sales by merchants, online shopping by consumers, online ordering, online shopping, online payment for goods and commodity trading is completely completed in the virtual market under the network environment. Here, the payment process and means are completely electronic. Because the market under e-commerce is a virtual market based on the network, it has strong expansibility. Online merchants can use the Internet to spread commodity information to all parts of the world, promote products, publicize corporate image, realize fast and convenient online ordering, speed up the production cycle, reduce circulation links and reduce production costs. E-commerce shows the world the future business with great changes in traditional commerce, traditional payment and traditional logistics, and also provides a brand-new service field for the financial industry.
China's e-commerce is in the initial stage of development. At present, the three major problems that restrict the development of e-commerce are network infrastructure, commodity distribution and online payment. Network infrastructure, commodity distribution, that is, information flow and logistics, are the problems to be solved by e-commerce practitioners, while capital flow, that is, real-time online payment, is the problem to be solved by banks. Because e-commerce without online payment is only a simple e-commerce or electronic contract, not a real e-commerce, the development of e-commerce depends on the participation of banks and the realization of online payment. At present, in the United States, a pure online bank, First United National Bank, has launched a brand-new online banking business. China's China Bank, China Construction Bank and China Merchants Bank have also launched online banking services such as online inquiry, online financial management and online payment, and China Industrial and Commercial Bank has recently launched BtoB's online payment service. However, the online payment service of banks in China is not popular, there are many restrictions, it is impossible to pay across banks, and the online payment tool is single. Some domestic businesses have established online shopping malls and launched online shopping, but the accepted payment methods are still some traditional payment methods. For example, the "8848 Online Supermarket" in Shanghai accepts postal remittance, cash payment and credit card payment. The rise and development of e-commerce calls for convenient and safe online payment.
Second, the construction of payment gateway is the core to realize online payment.
The Internet is a public network, and the banking network is an intranet. The information transmitted by the bank intranet is non-public and needs to be encrypted, and the data format is different from that of the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to build a bridge between the bank intranet and the Internet to realize the transmission of payment information between different networks. This group of servers that act as a bridge is PaymentGateway. To realize online payment, the construction of payment gateway is the foundation and core. Here, the main function of the payment gateway is to complete the communication, protocol conversion and data encryption and decryption between the bank intranet and the Internet, thus protecting the security of the bank intranet. Its function is to analyze and process the payment transaction data packets uploaded by consumers online, repackage the data according to the communication protocol of the bank payment system or the intra-bank system, and send them to the bank for fund settlement. At the same time, the processing results received from the bank payment system or the in-bank system are converted into the data format of the Internet and encrypted, and the merchants and individuals are notified through the Internet. In fact, the payment gateway plays the role of data conversion and processing center.
At present, the payment systems established among banks in China include the intra-bank electronic remittance system of commercial banks, the electronic interbank system of national banks, the POS network of national gold card centers, small batch systems in various places and real-time payment systems in the same city, and the modern payment system in China is under construction. The construction and operation of these systems have laid a good foundation for establishing payment gateway and realizing online payment. However, the message standards and data formats of so many payment systems are different, which will have a certain impact on the data format conversion of payment gateways. Therefore, in the construction of payment gateway, the central bank is in urgent need of unified organization and coordination, overall planning and unified arrangement to avoid repeated investment and construction.
The construction of payment gateway inevitably involves the security of online transactions. At present, there are two security protocols for online payment: SET and SSL. SET security electronic transaction security standards mainly ensure the encrypted transmission of payment information and the integrity of payment process through public key encryption, electronic digital signature, electronic envelope and electronic security certificate. Its characteristics are that banks and merchants are back-to-back, merchants can only get the ordering information of consumers, and banks can only get the payment information; SSL Secure Socket Layer security protocol uses public key and private key to encrypt and transmit payment information, so as to ensure the security of computer session and meet the actual needs. Internationally, which of these two network security protocols is the future development direction has not been determined, but the application and promotion of SSL protocol is better. In China, banks engaged in online banking have different choices of security standards. The security protocol of online payment in China Bank adopts SET standard, and the construction bank and China Merchants Bank adopt SSL protocol. Therefore, when coordinating the construction of payment gateway, the compatibility of the two protocols must be considered, and the expansion of bank network should also consider the compatibility with the Internet.
Several problems in developing online payment come from: the first model network.
Third, the necessary conditions for realizing online payment
The construction of payment gateway is the core link to realize online payment, but only establishing payment gateway is not enough to realize online payment. The realization of online payment depends on the development of online payment tools and the establishment of security certification center. Online payment tools, security authentication and payment gateway are necessary conditions for online payment.
1. Online payment tool. The electronization of online payment process and means determines the electronization of online payment tools, so online payment tools are actually electronic payment tools. At present, online electronic payment tools mainly include electronic checks, electronic cash, credit cards and so on.
Electronic check is produced on the basis of existing check, and it is a payment tool that electronizes the elements of existing check. Electronic check is endorsed by digital signature, and payment is verified by payment password. The credit payment instruction generated after payment is transmitted to the payee bank through the bank payment system, such as electronic interbank system, intra-bank electronic remittance system, and large real-time payment system. Electronic cash is a kind of digital cash currency, including smart card payment card and digital cash file. Although electronic cash can only be used by developing an electronic cash system, it does not need to be connected with the banking system, so it has the advantages of flexibility, convenience and quickness. Credit card is a widely used payment tool in China. With the issuance of credit cards and the establishment of the national POS network, the functions of credit cards are becoming more and more perfect, and the transaction volume is also increasing linearly. The application of credit card in e-commerce is that the user sends the card number and password of the credit card to the bank online, and pays online after being verified by the issuing bank.
2. Safety certification. In e-commerce, the transactions among merchants, customers and banks are all conducted on the Internet, and everyone does not meet each other. How to ensure the authenticity of each other's identities and the undeniable transactions between them is an important issue in e-commerce. By establishing a security authentication center, authenticating the identities of the parties to the transaction and issuing electronic security certificates, the identities of the parties to the transaction can be confirmed during the transaction, thus ensuring the non-repudiation of the transaction. Security authentication includes set security authentication and non-set security authentication. At present, the People's Bank of China has started to establish safety certification centers in China's financial industry, and some areas have also started to establish safety certification centers, which will lead to repeated construction and waste of resources, and cross-certification problems will occur.
3. Virtual banking counter. There are two modes of online banking, one is pure online banking, and the other is online extension based on existing banks. The current online banking business of Chinese banks is mostly an online extension of the existing banking business. Whether it is a pure online banking business or an online extension of the existing banking business, banks need to set up virtual banking counters to connect customers through the network, so that customers can handle banking services such as payment without leaving home. This kind of connection between banks and customers is connected through private network or Internet. Private network connection is direct and secure, but it is expensive and difficult to expand. Internet connection is low in cost and easy to expand, but the security problem should be solved.
In short, the development of online payment involves all aspects of work, which requires overall planning and unified organization and coordination. The head office of the People's Bank of China shall formulate the overall plan and relevant technical standards in the construction of payment gateways, certification centers and online payment tools, so as to avoid repeated investment and construction, and unify them after construction. At the same time, the principles and guidelines of online banking should be promulgated, the management of online banking should be standardized, and the legal status of digital signatures in electronic payment instructions should be solved as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the healthy development of online payment services of banks in China.