Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, set up a big composition concept and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically.
First, we should pay attention to the examination of questions; The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language. Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is broken down year by year:
First-grade words, second-grade sentences, third-grade fragments, fourth-grade chapters, fifth-grade synthesis, and sixth-grade improvement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries out five trainings.
According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner:
(1) word training. Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing. Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences. Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing.
(2) Sentence training. As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone. Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment. In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph. Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5) On-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content. Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn something, express the true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.
Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity. After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement. Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write.
Write down your truth.
"Write your honest words" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said. It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations. "Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality.
2. Writing Skills and Methods The "writing ability requirements" stipulated in the new curriculum standard can write narratives, simple expositions, argumentative essays and general practical essays, so that the thoughts and feelings are true and healthy, the content is specific, the center is clear, the organization is clear, the words are fluent, no typos are written, punctuation marks are used correctly, the format is correct, and the handwriting is standardized and neat.
Get into the habit of revising articles. In the actual examination, the important content of junior high school composition examination is mostly to write narrative, so it is particularly important to master narrative writing.
2. According to the requirements of the syllabus for writing, understand the grading standard of the composition. The grading standard of composition generally gives points from the following three aspects. The first is writing, which requires neat handwriting, correct punctuation and standardized writing format, all of which meet the requirements. This generally accounts for a quarter of the composition score, about 10. Secondly, the content.
The composition requirements are consistent with the meaning of the topic, clear in the center and specific in content. This part accounts for about one third of the total score of the composition, accounting for about 20 points.
The third is expression, which requires reasonable composition structure, appropriate details, fluent language, specific narration and appropriate description and discussion. This part accounts for about half of the total score of the composition, about 30 points.
As can be seen from the grading standards, the composition of the senior high school entrance examination requires higher requirements in three aspects: writing, center and language expression. Legal study guide 1. The best way to learn to establish a center is to learn to outline.
According to the requirements of the topic, think about what the composition should explain (that is, the center of the article), then consider choosing which materials to write, determine the details, and then arrange the structure. After writing this outline, review the topic again to see if your outline meets the requirements of the topic. If there are mistakes, they will sometimes be revised (it is too late to avoid revision after writing) to ensure that the article can interpret the topic and meet the meaning of the topic. 2. Learn to use description, discussion and other expressions appropriately.
In the composition, all the events and people that can highlight the center should be described in detail, such as the article "cooperation" The details should be how you accomplish something with others. Then, the process of how you cooperate must be described in detail, and the content that has nothing to do with the center can be written in a few simple sentences, or even not. It is also necessary to discuss it properly in the narrative, which usually appears at the beginning and end.
Appropriate discussion at the end can make the finishing point and highlight the center. Attention should be paid to the following issues: the statement of the discussion must be based on events, aiming at the content of the narrative, or talking about its significance, or revealing its laws, or showing its attitude.
Tell me some writing methods and skills. Kaiser3344: Everything has skills, and writing is no exception.
Now I will describe my personal writing experience and skills for many years as follows: I think "skills" are actually a law, which is a set of formulas in layman's terms. So I often call my writing skills "composition formula". The formula is as follows: 1. To determine the genre of composition, you must write prose (unless the topic requires writing other genres, but now most of them require unlimited genres. )
Why write prose? Because prose is characterized by "scattered form but not scattered spirit", and the materials we usually prepare are collected from various channels and are "scattered". For the same theme, we can integrate the daily collected materials into an article to form the same "spirit", which is an essay. 2. Determine the composition topic.
How to write a good topic? We should use familiar songs, lyrics, allusions, famous sentences, proverbs, idioms or their transformation forms to make the topic fresh and moving, make the paper shine, or make a * * * sound, so as to achieve the goal. For example, "With struggle, is success far away?" "Open your heart and let honesty in" ... You have to ponder and experience this by yourself, and you will find the beauty and classics.
3. At the beginning of the first paragraph, you should write a parallelism sentence as soon as you start writing, and you must write a parallelism sentence, and pay attention to the fact that the number of words in three parallelism sentences is slightly longer. After writing three sentences, add one or two comprehensive sentences (that is, words related to the theme of the composition) and you're done. After writing the first paragraph in this way, the number of words is probably "four and a half lines on the composition paper", which is the most suitable and pleasing to the eye, just like the golden section.
Do not believe that you can write four and a half lines on the composition paper now, which is really better than three lines, three lines, half lines, four lines and five lines. As for why it must be written as a parallelism sentence? Because, when the teacher who looked at the test paper got your test paper and began to read it, he felt a momentum.
4. The main part, that is, the second to fifth paragraphs (***4 paragraphs), can use a model. That is, write a comprehensive sentence (sentence) at the beginning of each paragraph, and then write some related sentences around it later, that is, the first sentence is the central sentence, and the following sentences are clauses, each paragraph is about four and a half lines to six and a half lines.
The second to fifth paragraphs (***4) should be written like this. 5. In the last paragraph, take care of the title and the first paragraph, and only write something related to the theme of the composition (that is, "God") as the end. It is even better to write with a "meaningful" feeling. For example, adding an ellipsis after writing is an effective way.
This paragraph is about four and a half lines of the composition paper. 6. Handwriting must be good, neat and careful.
Sometimes the quality of words is more important than the content of composition! Remember, remember! ! ! ! To sum up, as long as you write in strict accordance with this "composition formula", you will certainly be able to write a high-scoring composition. A composition with a perfect score of 60 must have at least 54 points. I got 57 points in the composition of the college entrance examination.
Finally, I wish your composition level a step-by-step promotion.
4. How to write a good composition There are two main methods and skills to write a good composition: accumulation and writing practice.
1, the method of accumulation 1 accumulation in learning to recite. There are many good chapters, wonderful fragments and beautiful sentences in the textbook, which are all good ways to accumulate composition materials.
Therefore, in the usual study, we should consciously remember and recite, not just watch. ② Accumulate in life.
As the saying goes, language is as wide as life is. If you want to accumulate well in your daily life, you must be a caring person in your daily life. Whether you are studying, resting, entertaining and sports activities, or visiting the streets, sightseeing, social practice and community activities, you should always watch, listen, think and absorb more.
3 accumulation in reading. All kinds of books are available at all times and in all countries. They already exist. All you need to do is read and learn it.
For students, there is a lot of homework at ordinary times, and it is relatively difficult to read a lot after class. Therefore, it is suggested that students learn to master the skills of "fast reading" and improve their reading efficiency and ability. Practice can refer to the "elite fast reading training" I used. It is very easy to practice reading at the speed of one or two thousand words per minute.
2, the method of practicing writing often practicing writing is the key to improve the level of composition. Want to enter the door of composition, make continuous progress, and more importantly, practice more.
As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." This tells the truth that writing practice produces true knowledge.
(1) Keep a diary. Keeping a diary is a good way to practice writing. If you keep a diary and record your study and life, your future composition will have a solid foundation.
② Imitation. Imitation is to refer to and draw lessons from other people's articles, which can help us reduce the difficulty of writing.
For students who are not good at writing and don't know how to write a composition, it is suggested to imitate and draw lessons from model essays, cultivate writing interest, ideas and skills, and gradually improve their writing ability.
5. Knowledge points of writing skills 1. Understand the requirements of the new curriculum standard. The "writing ability requirement" stipulated in the new curriculum standard can write narrative, simple explanatory, argumentative and general practical essays, so that the thoughts and feelings are true and healthy, the content is specific, the center is clear, the organization is clear, the words are fluent, no typos are written, punctuation marks are used correctly, the format is correct, and the writing is standardized and meticulous.
Get into the habit of revising articles. In the actual examination, the important content of junior high school composition examination is mostly to write narrative, so it is particularly important to master narrative writing.
2. According to the requirements of the syllabus for writing, understand the grading standard of the composition. The grading standard of composition generally gives points from the following three aspects. The first is writing, which requires neat handwriting, correct punctuation and standardized writing format, all of which meet the requirements. This generally accounts for a quarter of the composition score, about 10. Secondly, the content.
The composition requirements are consistent with the meaning of the topic, clear in the center and specific in content. This part accounts for about one third of the total score of the composition, accounting for about 20 points.
The third is expression, which requires reasonable composition structure, appropriate details, fluent language, specific narration and appropriate description and discussion. This part accounts for about half of the total score of the composition, about 30 points.
As can be seen from the grading standards, the composition of the senior high school entrance examination requires higher requirements in three aspects: writing, center and language expression. Legal study guide 1. The best way to learn to establish a center is to learn to outline.
According to the requirements of the topic, think about what the composition should explain (that is, the center of the article), then consider choosing which materials to write, determine the details, and then arrange the structure. After writing this outline, review the topic again to see if your outline meets the requirements of the topic. If there are mistakes, they will sometimes be revised (it is too late to avoid revision after writing) to ensure that the article can interpret the topic and meet the meaning of the topic. 2. Learn to use description, discussion and other expressions appropriately.
In the composition, all the events and people that can highlight the center should be described in detail, such as the article "cooperation" The details should be how you accomplish something with others. Then, the process of how you cooperate must be described in detail, and the content that has nothing to do with the center can be written in a few simple sentences, or even not. It is also necessary to discuss it properly in the narrative, which usually appears at the beginning and end.
Appropriate discussion at the end can make the finishing point and highlight the center. Attention should be paid to the following issues: the statement of the discussion must be based on events, aiming at the content of the narrative, or talking about its significance, or revealing its laws, or showing its attitude.
3. Several problems to pay attention to ① There should be a language knowledge base. Usually read more books, memorize articles and copy wonderful words. ② There should be language practice training. At ordinary times, we should strengthen the practice of writing fragments, such as imitating writing, continuing writing, rewriting abbreviations, and developing writing. ③ Combination of intensive reading and writing.
Good articles are not written, but changed; How to write your own exam-oriented composition through diligent writing +0? Writing according to the topic requirements of our usual writing is to practice writing and improve the level of writing expression. The purpose of exam-oriented composition is to develop writing level and accept selection.
In order to prevent "fiction", the topic of the exam-oriented composition must be different from that of the usual composition; In order to make the vast majority of candidates have something to say, its topic should not be too biased, and in order to judge the candidates' achievements fairly, it also has a set of detailed scoring standards. Therefore, we must work hard on the examination of the topic, clarify the requirements of the topic, and write in strict accordance with the requirements of the topic.
If you don't write according to the requirements of the topic, even if the writing level is higher, you won't get higher scores. Sometimes the topic of the exam-oriented composition is very similar to that of the usual composition, so it is impossible to copy the usual composition. You should also carefully conceive and write according to the requirements of the topic. 2. Write the beginning and the end. We usually learn various methods of beginning and ending in class. Of course, an exam-oriented composition is also acceptable.
But what the marking teacher likes best is the beginning of writing, because one of the most important scoring standards is to get to the point. The teacher's favorite ending is to wrap up the full text and point out the main idea, because structural integrity is also an important scoring standard.
3. To be clear, some students like to weigh the words when writing, which is of course good at ordinary times. However, the time for exam-oriented composition is limited, and the choice of words will bind yourself and hinder the development of ideas.
As soon as someone picks up a pen, they pick up the shelf of composition. It takes several turns to write a simple sentence. Such an article looks awkward, so it is better to write it in vernacular, whatever you want.
4. Pay attention to segmentation. Some students like to write three paragraphs, the first paragraph, the last paragraph and the middle paragraph. This kind of article looks unclear, because all the content is squeezed into the second paragraph.
You can divide the big section in the middle into several sections, so that the layers are clear. Write the first sentence of each paragraph well, just like a person's eyebrows. Write this sentence well, it is beautiful every time, and the whole paragraph looks very energetic.
What is the best way to write the first sentence of each paragraph? It is best to write a central sentence that can summarize the whole paragraph according to the exam-oriented composition. Because the marking teacher is not as calm as usual when reading our composition, he can find the central sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, so it is very convenient to read our article.
6. It is inevitable to modify the paper as little as possible, but it will affect the cleanliness of the paper if it is changed too much. If it is really necessary to change, you should also use the standard modification symbols, and remember "graffiti"
In addition, the adjustment of the paragraph order on the roll surface will also affect the cleanliness of the roll surface.
6. How to write a good composition About the skills of writing a composition
1, a good article comes from life, write what you see and hear; Write your own personal experience; Write your true feelings, so that the article will be vivid and touching.
2. Writing is not accomplished overnight. But in the face of today's exam-oriented education, we might as well learn some skills. For example, recite more paragraphs at ordinary times, with a good beginning and a good ending. To prepare for the exam.
3. Read more, study hard and learn from it. Good articles, good words and sentences, learn to accumulate.
4. Create a novel and unique article title. Sometimes you can get twice the result with half the effort.
5. Keeping a diary can not only practice writing, but also accumulate materials.
6. Learn to quote famous sayings and immortal poems to make your article more convincing.
7. Usage of good words and sentences. Good words and sentences used in the article can add color to your article and sublimate it. But it should be just right, not too much, too much will appear flashy.
8. apply what you have learned, that is, the ability to change, and change with the same.
9, close to nature, go out for a walk more during the holidays, see more and learn more.
10, being close to nature can also make your collected materials more colorful.
7. Writing skills and methods Writing skills 1. The overall situation depends mainly on whether the font is neat, whether the roll surface is clean and whether it is smeared; Not much to say (at least "disabled" and at most "bloated").
Whether the layout is reasonable (big head, long tail, small body, few segments and dense words). The number of words in the first and second paragraphs should be controlled within 100, otherwise the head is big, the tail is long and the body is small, and the proportion is out of balance, which will affect the appearance.
There is one more paragraph. 600-800 words should be divided into 4-6 paragraphs.
Choose a good style. Generally speaking, if you write a narrative, the article written by using the combination of subtitles, diaries and shots is refreshing, intuitive, dense, well-organized, clear-headed and well-organized, which can give people an overall aesthetic effect and easily arouse the interest of reviewers.
Second, the second depends on whether the angle of examination is appropriate and whether the thinking is accurate and clear. Make it easier for reviewers to understand your point of view: 1, and carefully create the title.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, and honesty is a historical record. I asked you what kind of warmth it was for you to come with love and vitality. The ideal sea and breadth depend on diving, choosing the sky to be high and letting birds fly, etc. Among them, "honesty", "love" and "choice" are related words.
2. Clever use of inscriptions. 3. Write the beginning and end carefully.
Because the beginning and the end are also "strategic places" for teachers to find ideas in the article, if writing an argumentative essay, it is best to put forward ideas in concise and meaningful language at the beginning and echo ideas in charming language at the end. In addition, you can stare at the text repeatedly.
Third, the third depends on whether the material is relevant, rich and novel-if the material can't explain the point of view, it is far-fetched; If the material is monotonous, the reasoning is empty and weak; If the material is mediocre, it will fall into the stereotype. In the middle of the narrative, we should add descriptions of the environment, characters' appearance, movements, language and psychology. Students with good ability should add some descriptions of distance, movement, side contrast, environmental rendering and five senses to make the article delicate and touching.
For ordinary students, we should: (1) choose what we are best at; (2) Write your best words; (3) Use your most convenient structure (total score structure or time sequence) and try to play your own level. For students with good writing skills, they should: (1) choose innovative things that they are sure to write well; (2) Beautiful handwriting; (3) Carefully arrange the beginning and end, appropriately use flashback, contrast, association, symbol, description, and lyric, and strive to promote the first, render the atmosphere, use the scenery to express emotion, express emotion with things, and express emotion with things; (4) Adopt appropriate rhetorical devices, especially metaphor, repetition, parallelism and rhetorical questions, and appropriately use idioms and famous sayings to increase literary talent.
The writing method is "composition, composition, which is a headache." How to write a composition? Faced with this problem, I believe that whether it is domestic children or our overseas children, it is a big problem, a big problem that has plagued everyone for a long time.
But fortunately, the children in China will write you a long paragraph even if it is difficult. Unfortunately, our overseas children are exposed to unfamiliar words due to the lack of language environment and time.
This undoubtedly increases their study burden. This "writing" will make the child stunned.
If you don't "write", the teacher is puzzled. How to learn a language by listening, reading, speaking and not writing?
I combine my teaching experience and talk about my own experience. First of all, polish your eyes and look for composition materials from yourself. As the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice."
Children often seem at a loss when they pick up a pen to write a composition. Children often complain: "I have nothing to write" and "I don't know what to write".
At this time, the teacher's first task is to help students find the material for practice. According to different school-age levels, they can be treated differently.
For example, in the class of teaching the fourth volume of Chinese textbook, I took out my beloved toy cat according to the age characteristics of the children, and then used the existing materials to guide the students to speak a paragraph, asking them to make it clear in the order from beginning to end, so that all the students have something to say and make them feel that the composition is not difficult, as long as they write out what they see and feel. In addition, when looking at pictures and writing words, it is required to speak first and then write.
In this way, on the one hand, students' oral conversation ability is exercised, on the other hand, it is also helpful for students to practice writing. In fact, the material of the article is everywhere in life. In Gao Xuenian's class, children are asked to find their own composition materials.
For example: traveling to the suburbs, holding sports meetings in schools, and organizing visits to factories in schools ... If teachers can consciously guide students in advance, students will certainly learn to observe life purposefully and capture touching scenes in life. Because these materials come from familiar real people and stories, students will naturally look for the source of their compositions from their colorful lives.
Second, using model essays to let children learn to imitate and create materials does not mean that they can write good articles. The guidance of writing methods is a crutch for students. For our children who study Chinese overseas, I encourage them to imitate and learn model essays. Nowadays, children who study Chinese overseas generally have the following problems.
1, insufficient vocabulary. For example, when describing "happy" in writing, it is "happy" throughout, regardless of other adjectives.
2, the sentence is not smooth. Although our children have mastered a certain amount of words and sentence patterns in their studies, when they come across writing, they often construct a Japanese sentence pattern in their minds before translating it into Chinese.
For example, "I read" (I read correctly), "I eat first" and "I go first" (I eat first and I go first). 3. Lack of observation and in-depth description.
For example, writing a character composition lacks concrete examples to describe the characteristics of the character and the psychological activities of the character. In view of the above characteristics, if some excellent works of children of the same age are selected and printed for students to read, make appropriate comments on good techniques or good ideas in the article.
This not only increases students' reading, but also gives some guidance to students who can't read and write. Over time, they will naturally master many new forms.