Judging questions and supplementary questions should be completed in a very short time. Generally speaking, it is also relatively easy to complete. However, after all, it cannot be ignored. Otherwise, the written article can't meet the requirements, or it is a waste of time to find the wrong one halfway, or you don't think of the materials that you are most likely to associate with when you supplement the topic, which will also cause passivity.

The judgment of the question type should be related to the type and characteristics of the composition topic. As mentioned above, there are three types of composition topics, and each type has several small types. The list is as follows:

Lexical theme

Phrase topic of propositional composition

Sentence theme

Single filling theme

Half-proposition composition fill-in-the-blank questions

Sentence theme

Types of composition topics

Give the text a theme and topic.

Self-made topic of text theme

Give a composition to the theme, give the image material, and give the topic.

Special topics on self-made video materials

There is no writing for audio materials in the college entrance examination. Writing for video materials did not appear in the college entrance examination. )

(writing physics materials, the college entrance examination hasn't come out yet. )

The advantage of question association is that you can quickly judge the question type according to the characteristics of the topic, and the advantage of quickly judging the question type is that you can quickly think further about how to write according to its characteristics and requirements. For example, the biggest feature of proposition composition is that the topic is fixed and the material selection is free. You can't add any damage to the topic, you can only write under the established topic, but you are completely free to choose the materials you are most familiar with. The biggest feature of semi-propositional composition is to freely determine the topic. You can determine the topic according to the materials you are most familiar with, that is, fill in the topic. Although the range of filling is often limited, you can choose after all. As for the materials, individual time is given, and you are generally free to choose. The biggest feature of writing a composition on a subject is the limitation of the subject. Without these materials, the author cannot write another set.

In the semi-propositional composition, the supplement of the topic should be quickly associated. For example:

Title Day: "Remember one thing that makes me _ _ _"

Note: adjectives, verbs or appropriate words should be filled in the horizontal line of the question, such as unforgettable excitement, excitement, joy, deep education and incomprehension. ...

When choosing the words to fill in, try to fill in the associations one by one, and then see which word is the best. As primary school students and junior high school students, I often write "unforgettable" because I am particularly impressed. The words "excited", "excited" and "happy" have similar meanings, so it is easier to write after filling in. Primary school students are easy to choose, but high school students often associate it with readers' ideas, thinking that readers will read the topic at the beginning, so they may often choose to fill in "deeply educated" or even "unable to understand". Remember one thing that puzzles me is tempting and suspenseful for readers, that is, readers will have the psychology to read on. Of course, it may be difficult to write, but once the content is good, it is easy to be praised. Curiosity and love for unconventional information are one of the characteristics of people's acceptance of information. What are the "incomprehensible things"? I must go and have a look.

When writing a composition, read the topic requirements, determine the topic (in most cases, the topic is self-made), and give full play to the role of association. For example, 1984 college entrance examination essay questions are as follows:

(Note: written on the test paper, each word occupies a box, and punctuation marks are also written in the box. Clear handwriting and neat roll surface are required. )

Some students said: "Every time I write a composition, I often feel that I have nothing to say, so I have to make up some empty words, cliches and even some materials." A teacher said: "Every time a student writes a composition, I try my best to correct and comment, but students often only look at the scores and don't pay attention to the problems in their compositions, so they can't improve quickly." Please aim at the situation reflected in the above two paragraphs, contact yourself and the students around you, and write an argumentative essay of about 800 words centered on your views on middle school students' composition. The topic is self-drawn, requiring clear views and true feelings.

The topic requires contact with the current situation of the students around you, and association should be made first. "Contact" means asking for relevant content and writing it in the article. There are two pieces of materials on it: one is "A classmate said …" and the other is "A teacher said …". Through the first paragraph, we should focus on the similar situation of our usual composition. In the second paragraph, we should put ourselves in the shoes and put ourselves and our classmates in it. On this basis, the two paragraphs are abstractly associated, that is, to find out the relationship between them and summarize a point of view as a topic. Then, according to the determined topic, go back and associate what you have already associated and expand.

Second, the understanding and association of the meaning of the problem.

The above example actually involves understanding the meaning of the problem. The title of this composition includes the matters needing attention in brackets and the requirements behind it ***250 words. Only after reading and understanding this passage can we understand the meaning of the question. According to semiotics, there is no understanding without association. For written materials, it is through reading and understanding every word, word, sentence, punctuation and paragraph that we can gradually understand words, words, sentences, paragraphs and even the whole. Because words, words, languages and sentences often have double meanings, we should actively associate these meanings when reading, and then we can make meaningful choices according to the following (the next text), and finally we can achieve a comprehensive and correct understanding after reading all of them.

As for the meaning of the topic, there are often three situations in the finished article: first, it is very concentrated, that is, the content written is closely related to the topic, which is called very irrelevant or related; Second, the writing style is scattered, that is, a lot of content written is at arm's length, which is called digression; Third, the writing is irrelevant, that is, the content does not know where to go, which is called digression. There are few digressions in the composition, but there are often digressions. For example, taking "father" as the topic, if you only write your own father, you will digress. If you only write about your father's straw hat or other utensils, it is even more beside the point. If you write about your own father, classmates' fathers and uncles, then go straight to the point or deduct points. Whether the examination is correct or not depends on the correct understanding of the meaning of the question; The correct understanding of the meaning of the question depends on the correct judgment: the correct judgment is based on the associative situation. Examination of questions is very important for composition, so association must not be ignored when examining questions. One candidate wrote the following main contents on the topic of "Father":

As long as we inherit the virtues of our parents' patriotism, diligence, simplicity, helpfulness and willingness to innovate, we will certainly be able to take over the baton of our parents' entrepreneurship.

So, now Shanghai has injected new air into these virtues.

First of all, in the city's primary and secondary education, the content of patriotism education has been strengthened. On the May 4th Youth Day, the Municipal Party Committee emphasized that studying these articles "shoulders the heavy responsibility of history". Patriotism is the foundation of one's thought. Only patriotism can put national interests first, and only patriotism can join the wave of reform.

I once remembered a girl who went abroad. When she was studying in Japan, the landlord casually said, "Girl, you are so cute, just like a Japanese. At that time, the girl said, "If I say you look like a foreigner, won't your national pride be hurt?" "

Yes! National self-esteem, that is, love for the motherland and attachment to hometown, is the time to serve the motherland.

Secondly, people from all walks of life in the whole society have contributed to the "Hope Project" and formed a "1+ 1" twinning activity, which is the inheritance of thrift and helpfulness.

On New Year's Day this year, Vice Mayor Xie proposed for the first time that "Project Hope" should be put in place and children in welfare homes should be observed. What does it mean to save 300 yuan? It means that it can help several out-of-school children to resume their studies. One less out-of-school child is working hard for the world. Helpfulness has become a good character of Shanghai residents.

Yes, no matter how the present people point out and how the future generations comment, the fine conduct of our fathers will accompany our life and growth, and will be planted in the annals of history in the near future and passed down from generation to generation. May the fine traditions of our fathers last forever and stick to this cause.

Obviously, I made a mistake in reviewing the questions here, leaving my parents with hope, but I was not clear in my heart and couldn't get good grades.

Among the three types of composition questions, the topic of propositional composition should be carefully examined, but it is easier to write a semi-propositional composition, because the latter has explanations and requirements and is not easy to neglect. On the surface, propositional composition looks easy, but if you have a slight deviation in understanding the meaning of the topic, you may stray from the topic or the topic, and even if your writing skills are no better, you will not get good reviews.

If the topic in the proposition composition is lexical (including single words such as "spring" and "home"), different associations should be made according to the stylistic requirements. Lexical topics can often be said to be big topics, because words are symbols of concepts and concepts are abstractions of objective things. Of course, there are different concepts. The concept with the largest connotation is "thing", while the small one has many specific concepts, such as "pen", "flower", "Spring Festival" and "Chinese New Year". As long as the composition is not expository, things related to it should also be included in the writing content, that is to say, it can be widely associated, including semantic association, close association, similar association, similar association, causal association, analytical association, comparative association, successive association and so on. Even when writing expository articles, its associations are extremely rich. If you want to write "pen", its structure, appearance, types, uses, history, development and so on should be related to it. Because Lenovo has money, it is necessary to control it properly, that is, to control the direction according to the train of thought. Therefore, association in writing should be controlled association rather than free association. Understand the meaning of the question and have your own ideas. Association can be controlled by conception.

Phrase questions are relatively small. For example, my father's pen, a bunch of roses, Chinese New Year on the train, the Millennium Spring Festival and other topics are smaller than those of pens, flowers, Chinese New Year and Spring Festival, and their associations are limited to some extent. Because my father's pen has all the characteristics of a pen and a rose has all the characteristics of a flower, that is, because the specific objects with restrictive words have the characteristics of abstract objects with unrestricted words, such as the Millennium Spring Festival couplets with the characteristics of the Spring Festival, it is easy for people to associate and think of other pens and flowers. If it's all written out, it's off topic or off topic, which is a misunderstanding of the meaning of the question. Doesn't this mean that Lenovo can't do it, and Lenovo can't do it? That's true. For the association of phrase topics, of course, the direction is also controlled by intention, and more fundamentally, the scope is controlled by restrictive words, so as to realize the association of topics first and achieve the understanding of topics.

The sentence question is even smaller. The more words, the more specific the object to be written, such as a fountain pen my father just used, a bunch of roses thrown on the side of the road, his first Spring Festival on the train, celebrating the Millennium Spring Festival and so on. The smaller the topic, the more specific it is, and the easier Lenovo is to control. Compared with the topic based on phrases, the first three situations are still about "pen ← father's", "flowers ← roses ← bunch", "Chinese New Year ← at noon" and "Chinese New Year ← Millennium", etc., but the object is further limited and becomes "pen ←. In the latter case, the object has changed, but it is also very specific: "celebrating the Spring Festival ← the Millennium". If it is "the morning to celebrate the Millennium Spring Festival", it will be more specific. Just write the morning to celebrate the Spring Festival. Of course, the more words there are in the topic, the more specific the writing object will be, and the more association will be limited. Nevertheless, the association is free to further develop. For example, the morning celebrating the Millennium Spring Festival cannot be more widely associated with the whole day, but it can be deeply associated with the morning of this day, and all kinds of events, people, psychology, environment, processes and appliances related to it can be linked together.

Because semi-propositional compositions and self-designed compositions for the subject matter need to be associated before determining the topic, and then association before writing. If it is a composition that gives a perfect score, it is necessary to associate the topic according to the material.

Third, the association and its methods when conceiving

In layman's terms, it means "writing first". In other words, create any works, including art, music, written works, etc. You should make up your mind before you start writing. The same is true of composition. Don't write the title.

The idea of the article is very important, and the so-called value is also reflected here. The so-called meaning is the theme or theme idea, which is the core of the central idea of the article and can be said to be the soul of the work. Works of art, music, sculpture, sculpture, literature, film and television all have souls. Whether they are excellent or not, they always have their souls and their ideological tendencies. Or thoughts, concepts, philosophies, or hopes and longings, or thoughts and feelings, rational feelings and so on. Losing the soul is unhealthy and needs treatment, so is writing. The style of writing is very scattered, and the opinions and ideas are pieced together, and you can't see any theme, which is a big taboo for people in the article. Such items need medical treatment to be preserved. Maybe the author didn't write it before, just didn't write it well. If you don't have any intention before writing, it is inevitable that you can't write well. ,

Of course, thought itself should be healthy, that is, ideas, spiritual sustenance, attitude towards life, emotions and sentiments must be materialistic, positive, progressive, advancing with the times and beneficial. The ancients said, "Articles come out from time to time." It also requires people to "care about family affairs, state affairs and what is happening in the world." Therefore, when writing a composition, we should try to keep pace with the times and promote the development of the times. As for promoting friendship, caring for the collective, or explaining things with the ideas of contemporary scientists, they are all healthy and upward, but they are also healthy and upward, with different directions and levels, and students are different from writers and thinkers in society. With the progress of study and thought, the ideological realm of students in school will continue to improve, and moral sentiments sometimes amaze adults. As the saying goes, "Aspiring is not at the age of high", and noble ambition is conducive to conception, sometimes directly reflected in the article.

Intention should be concentrated. An article can only have one meaning, not two or more. Many centers have no centers. If you set up more than one idea, it will inevitably be scattered, and eventually you will lose your soul and solve nothing. The idea is deeper. Too simple, too general and of little value. Profound and memorable. Literary and artistic works pay more attention to meaning. Besides, it should be novel, too old-fashioned and worthless. This is what people often call "innovation".

If you have a good idea, you must also be good at association. Especially in the composition competition, the idea should be more original, and An Xing's association must also be painstaking. But as long as you master the method, Lenovo is not difficult. This is just as Lu Ji said: "Cage the heavens and the earth, and frustrate everything at the end of the pen. At first I lingered on a dry kiss, and finally I was displaced in Hanzhong. I helped to stand up, but it was complicated. " Only when it is erected can the branches and leaves be sparse. Life and composition are the same. So, how to build it? Of course it can't be established out of thin air. When writing a composition on a topic, we should closely contact social needs and personal understanding and feelings according to the specific situation of the composition topic, develop associations and establish associations. Specifically, there are two points worth noting:

When you encounter different types of questions, you should make different associations.

The composition types of hot topics are also mentioned above. When you encounter different types of questions, you should make different associations according to their specific conditions.

(1) For a propositional composition, we should start to associate it with the topic itself. There are two situations here: first, when encountering a topic, first associate it with the specific content, then slightly associate it with the content, and then associate it with the content. For example, the topic of the composition is "Spring":

Spring → seasonality → vitality → beauty → the spring we love.

The spring of friendship → beauty → the spring of friendship is always worth cherishing.

Spring (extension) The spring of love → The rose of love is more beautiful than any flower → May this spring last forever.

The spring of social environment → We only maintain the spring of this hard-won motherland.

And so on, in fact, the author's association is much richer and more profound. These thoughts and feelings obtained through association can be used as the thinking of writing this topic, and the author only needs to choose the most valuable one. Or at the sight of the topic of "spring", I associate it like this:

Spring → January to March → Green grass → Wild flowers → Jiang Nanan Shore → Willow → Pink Butterfly → Spring is beautiful.

Spring → My school → Xiaoming and I met for the first time → We helped Wang Bo → We made progress → We sowed friendship together in spring → … → The spring of friendship grew with me.

Spring → 1979 spring → 1992 spring → an old man …→ cherish this hard-won spring → make this spring more beautiful, come on!

So wait. ...

(2) semi-propositional composition, you must fill in the topic first, and then make meaningful associations. Because the words to be filled in are often limited, we should first choose the words that are well written, and then choose the words that are well conceived.

(3) For writing, we should first read the theme carefully, regardless of the text theme or the image theme, we should first read the theme and associate the content according to the topic, and then carry out conceptual association. Do the topic yourself, and finally you can decide the topic. For example, the second writing question in 1993 is as follows:

Write a narrative of not less than 500 words (40 points) based on the following materials.

Summer night, in the yard, under the buttonwood. ...

With a subtle and clear crack, an old layer of the buttonwood was scraped off, revealing a fresh new layer.

The daughter is full of praise for the old bark. ...

My son gave the new bark a series of compliments. ...

My father listened, watched and said with deep feelings, "I hope everything in the world can be like what you two said ..."

Composition requirements:

Describe the environment and atmosphere in detail.

Write the specific words of the daughter and son and the unfinished words of the father, and write the expressions of the characters.

When you see this topic, you should read it carefully, then think of your daughter's admiration and son's praise, and think of your father's words: I hope everything in the world can be like what you said → the new can bravely replace the old → the old can resolutely introduce the new → let it be like this buttonwood. In order to grow and expand as a whole, branches and bark will naturally carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future.

This is for a purpose. This is of course one of the ways, a kind of conception. But it can be explained that this kind of association should exist. As for the above topics, or "Wu Tong Whispers", "Under the Wu Tong Tree" and "Wu Tong in the Rain" can be used.

Make different associations when you encounter different styles of topics.

Proposition composition sometimes has stylistic requirements, and sometimes, although there is no stylistic requirement, it is actually necessary to determine a theme. For example, the topic of 1993' s college entrance examination is Opportunity, so there is no stylistic requirement, just saying no poetry. For example, 1988' s national college entrance examination composition topic is habit, and there is no stylistic requirement. For this kind of topic, it can be written as argumentative or narrative. When determining what style, the author should decide according to what material he thinks, which is more profound and which is easier to write. For different styles of topics, when we associate concepts, our methods are slightly different.

(1) When writing an argumentative essay, we should do more abstract associations when conceiving, such as original association and synonymous association in semantic association, value association and meaning association in aggregate association, etc. Such as opportunities.

Opportunity → Great situation → Opportunity → "Now or never, it will never come again" → Seize the opportunity!

Small opportunities → often.

Opportunity → Opportunity → Success → Shortness → Waiting for no one →

Great Opportunities → Cherish Opportunities in Hard Life.

And so on, there are original meanings and value associations here, which can finally be used as the theme of understanding, that is, the theme idea, that is, the conception.

(1) The purpose of argumentative writing is to have a clear point of view, that is, to clearly put forward one's own point of view, some of which are on the topic, and some of which are put at the end of the article because the topic is not clear.

(2) When writing a narrative, we should do more extended association, emotional association, analogy association and value association. When you conceive, and send out some feelings, implicitly elaborate a point of view, or imply a profound philosophy, or you can clearly put forward a point of view. In short, narrative is not a record, not a file, and it is bound to establish an idea and emotion through narrative. To this end, we should make more use of the above-mentioned association methods to give ideas. For example, 199 1, the topic of Shanghai college entrance examination composition is "We live in the same land". Seeing this topic, you should decide to write a narrative. The idea can be:

So there is a purpose. As for what other meaning is, it is entirely up to the author. It should be full of emotional association, indirect association and value association. If the thought is a profound philosophy or outlook on life, we should pay attention to analogy and association, use a trivial matter as an analogy to major events, and use a natural thing as an analogy to major events in the world, that is, from minor events to major truths.

When writing a narrative, ideas can be expressed literally or hidden between the lines. The latter is more subtle and profound.

(3) When writing an expository, the intention should be determined according to the topic and requirements, and its meaning should coincide with the topic. For example, look at the picture and write an expository "Draw Water from a Bamboo Basket". The idea is "draw water with a sieve"

Tree forest climate

-Talk about the change of social atmosphere.

Hebei examinee

I often hear people complaining behind their backs, saying that the party's style is not correct now and the back door style is prevalent. Yes, there are indeed some incompetent cadres, party member, who use the power entrusted by the people to seek personal gain and discredit the Party. But what's the use of complaining to change this situation? Why not take action against the bad guys and things you hate? Some people may say that China is so big that unhealthy tendencies are everywhere. Isn't it futile to shake a tree like an ant by one person? I said, no! The CPC Central Committee is determined to achieve a fundamental improvement in the party style and social atmosphere. But to achieve it, we must rely on the joint efforts of everyone in the whole society, which should not be underestimated.

For example, a tree can't change the climate, but many trees can change the climate by forming forests, and the formation of forests requires certain conditions. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, trees will grow rapidly and form dense forests. The emergence of big forests will make the climate better, thus forming a virtuous circle.

Yes, one person alone can't change all kinds of unhealthy trends in the current society, and even the efforts of a generation may not be able to uproot the unhealthy trends that have been ingrained for hundreds of years. Just as a tree can't change the climate. But at the same time, we should also think that the people have a sense of justice, and most people hate this unhealthy trend. Moreover, the CPC Central Committee has clearly put forward a loud call to rectify the party style and social atmosphere, and public opinion representing the opinions of the majority of the people supports all those who dare to fight against bad styles. This is our strength. "Unity is strength". What difficulties can't be overcome and what can't be done?

It is timely and wise for the Central Committee to put forward that the two civilizations should be grasped together. In particular, the construction of spiritual civilization is crucial. It will nourish and cultivate generations of young people with ideals, morality, culture and discipline like rain and dew, and breed a batch of forests to resist sandstorms like suitable temperature and humidity. Imagine, when there are patches of forests rising from the ground in central China, what storms can't stop them and what bad weather can't change them?

The improvement of social atmosphere will make teenagers grow up healthily, and they will become a new force to improve social atmosphere, which is a virtuous circle of social atmosphere.

Therefore, let's not lose heart, be cynical, and even less agree. We should start from ourselves and try to influence people around us, so that they can become "cleaners" who purify the air and mind with us.

In order to realize the great cause of the four modernizations, we should give top priority to the construction of spiritual civilization. Young friends, cheer up, and let our sunrise-like youth shine brilliantly in the great cause in the future!

Comments: This is an excellent composition in 1986 college entrance examination. The first aspect of Excellence is "stick to the meaning of the topic", which is very appropriate. The original question is as follows:

A tree can't change the climate, only a forest can change the climate, and forming a forest requires certain conditions. If the temperature and humidity are right. Trees grow rapidly, forming dense forests. The appearance of big forests will make the climate better.

What we are talking about here is a natural phenomenon, and some phenomena in social life are similar. Please choose a meaningful topic from real life and use the above phenomenon as a metaphor to express your views. The full text is not less than 600 words. The subtitles are customized and written on the horizontal lines.

Title: Forest climate

-Talk about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

There is a very important sentence in the topic, that is, "what we are talking about here is a natural phenomenon, and some phenomena in social life are similar", indicating that the topic requires candidates to climb trees; Forest; The relationship between climate and social phenomena, make similar associations and write meaningful topics. The author grasps the relationship among "individuals, masses and social atmosphere", makes profound similar associations, and clarifies that it is not enough to change social atmosphere by one person's efforts. Even the efforts of a generation may not be able to uproot the deep-rooted bad habits for hundreds of years, but "unity is power" and "what can't be done?" Due to the correct examination, in-depth association and strong integrity, the article is convincing.

Don't go away, society needs you.

A magazine survey: "What qualities do you admire most about your classmates?" The first result of the survey is helpful. And when asked, "What would you do if others were in trouble?" There are also many people who answer "quietly go away". This survey fully exposed the problems of contemporary teenagers, calling for love and eager for help and care.

There is an old saying: "If you want to take it, you must follow it first." We live in this society and are a part of it. We must make contributions to society and others in order to get their care and help. Just asking for others' love but refusing to give your own love will be eliminated by society. We teenagers are the future of the motherland and the new people across the century, so we must pay enough attention to this problem.

It is human nature to be eager for help and help in times of difficulty to solve urgent needs. Then from another perspective, when others encounter difficulties, aren't they equally anxious and eager? Why can't we give him a hand and walk away quietly? Imagine that if someone else is in trouble and we leave, he must take more roads to solve the trouble; If the collective is in trouble, if we "walk away", the collective interests will definitely suffer some losses; If the country is in trouble, we will "walk away", then national security and the future of the nation will be ruined. How many people in history "walked away" when the nation was in danger, and they made China suffer more disasters? Isn't this a big lesson?

Society needs love and human beings need help. Maybe just a small stake can save a drowning person; Maybe just a thin blanket can warm a frozen person: maybe just a word and a warm hand can call back the hope of the disappointed. Then why don't we do it? Don't go away, let's give our love together. One is human, the other is obedient, and the third is public. Isn't it necessary to build a bright future for the motherland?

Don't go away, society needs you!

Comments: This is the masterpiece of the national college entrance examination composition from 65438 to 0997. Composition topic:

Read the following three materials and complete 33 questions.

Materials 1 Xiao Mu, a paraplegic classmate in Xiao Xin, went to a school 1 km away. It's been six years from primary school 1 to senior one, and it took more than 100 days.

[Material 2] A magazine made a survey: "What qualities do you admire most about your classmates?" According to the survey results, the first place is "helpful".

[Material 3] A unit made an anonymous questionnaire survey among some teenagers: "What would you do if you met someone with difficulties?" Many people replied, "Go away quietly".

According to "Material 2" and "Material 3", choose your own angle, do your own topic, and write a composition with practice. (40 points)

Note: ① Think of "Material 2" and "Material 3" together. Whether to join the "material factory" can be freely decided.

② No less than 600 words.

In the face of this essay question, the most important thing is to compare and associate the given materials. The author thinks of an important social problem from three materials, that is, what attitude you and I should take when society needs your help. The first and second materials are affirmative answers from teenagers, while the third material shows that many teenagers intend to "walk away quietly". This third material is associated with "calling for love, longing for help and care". So I drew up the topic "Don't go away, the society needs you", with the intention of helping others and offering love to the society from my own point of view.

Wutongshuxia

See Resources for details. The word count is full.