Graduation research is a paper that requires students with college education or above to write before graduation. Under the guidance of teachers, students must choose topics for research, write and submit papers. The purpose is to cultivate students' scientific research ability; Strengthen the training of comprehensively applying the learned knowledge, theory and skills to solve practical problems; Generally speaking, it examines the academic level achieved by students in universities.
The basic teaching objectives of graduation thesis are:
1, which is the preliminary training for undergraduates to comprehensively apply the basic theories, professional knowledge and basic skills they have learned for academic research;
2. Cultivating students' ability to work independently is an important teaching link;
3. It is an important means to test the quality of students' professional learning.
In the process of writing graduation thesis, there are five processes: opening report, thesis writing, thesis submission review, thesis defense and thesis grading, among which the opening report is the most important process and an important indicator of whether the thesis can be carried out.
Writing significance
1. Writing graduation thesis is an important measure to test students' academic performance in school and an important link to improve teaching quality. According to the provisions of the Interim Implementation Measures of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s Academic Degrees Regulations, "Undergraduate students in institutions of higher learning who have completed the requirements of the teaching plan are granted graduation after examination, and their course study and graduation thesis (graduation design or other graduation practice links) show that they have really mastered the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of this discipline, and have the ability to engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work initially, and are awarded a bachelor's degree". In the documents such as Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Improving the Quality of Higher Education in an All-round Way and Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Departments on Further Strengthening the Practical Education in Colleges and Universities, the Ministry of Education proposes to continuously strengthen the management of practical teaching, improve the quality of experiments, training, internships and graduation projects (papers) and further improve the quality of undergraduate teaching in colleges and universities.
2. By writing graduation thesis, improving the writing level is the need to cultivate college students' logical ability and scientific analysis ability. The knowledge system of each subject needs Yan Jin's logical ability and scientific analysis ability, and the cultivation of these abilities plays an important role in cultivating college students' work habits and improving their future work ability.
Paper type
Graduation thesis is a form of academic thesis. In order to further explore and master the writing rules and characteristics of graduation thesis, it is necessary to classify graduation thesis. Due to the different content and nature of graduation thesis, different research fields, objects, methods and expressions, graduation thesis has different classification methods.
1. According to the writing purpose and social function, papers can be divided into theoretical research papers and investigation report papers.
(1) Theoretical research papers: Generally, theoretical deduction and analysis are made on the basis of summarizing the existing research results, and opinions and suggestions are put forward.
(2) Investigation report paper: It is a paper form written by systematically sorting out and analyzing the materials collected in the investigation after extensive and in-depth investigation and study of a place, a job, an event and a problem.
2. According to the nature of the thesis, the thesis can be divided into two parts: thesis and refutation.
(1) Argumentative essay: Argumentative essay is to expound and demonstrate one's own views and opinions from the front.
Argumentative writing requires clear arguments, sufficient arguments, rigorous argumentation and the ability to convince people by reasoning.
(2) Refuting the thesis: Refuting the thesis refers to expounding one's own views and opinions by refuting others' views.
In addition to arguments, arguments and arguments, refuting papers also requires tit-for-tat and reasoning.
An example of refuting the topic: questioning China's theory of inflection point of real estate price.
fundamental principle
1, scientific principle
The scientific principle means that the basic viewpoints and contents of the paper should be realistic and reflect the objective law of the development of things.
The scientific nature of the paper is mainly grasped from three aspects:
First, in the demonstration, we must proceed from the objective reality and draw a conclusion that conforms to the reality and reflects the objective law through the investigation and analysis of the actual situation.
Second, in argumentation, there should be enough typical materials as the basis of argumentation. The viewpoints put forward in the paper need to be supported by sufficient materials. It is necessary to present facts, be reasonable and convincing.
Third, in argumentation, we should be able to make rigorous and logical exposition and argumentation. When discussing and demonstrating, we must be rigorous, logical, clear-headed, accurate in words and fluent in sentences.
2. The principle of innovation
The principle of innovation, that is, the paper should be original and have its own views, opinions and opinions.
The innovation of this paper is as follows:
First, the topics, viewpoints, materials and argumentation methods are all new. If you want to have your own new discoveries and new theories, you must make a fuss about topics that have not been explored by predecessors.
Second, demonstrate old topics with new materials, so as to put forward new or local new ideas and new views.
Third, a new analysis, induction and summary of the existing viewpoint materials, or questioning other people's viewpoints, materials and research methods can inspire people to rethink the problem, although they have not put forward their own new viewpoints.
3. Professional principles
The principle of professionalism means that the writing of graduation thesis must choose a topic that meets the professional requirements and the research content must be professional.
Specialty contains several meanings:
(1) The topic of the paper should be professional, that is, the topic should meet the professional requirements.
(2) The content of writing should be professional.
(3) Professional terms should be used in language use.
4, the principle of authenticity
The principle of authenticity means that graduation thesis must be completed independently by graduates, and all materials and figures cited must be true and reliable.
The authenticity of the paper is reflected in:
(1) The graduation thesis must be completed by the graduates themselves under the guidance of the tutor.
(2) The quoted materials and figures must be true and reliable.
(3) References to other people's data must be marked.
5. The principle of popularization
Popular principles mean that the language of the paper should be easy to understand.
Popularity includes:
(1) The paper should be organized clearly, structured and analyzed rigorously.
(2) Be accurate in concept, judgment and argument.
(3) The articles and sentences of the paper are fluent, the language is fluent and easy to understand, and the narrative should be simple and easy to understand.
The basic principles of innovation, scholarship, scientificity, authenticity and popularity are the key issues to ensure the quality of paper writing, and also the important standards to test the quality of paper writing.
ingredient
Graduation thesis is a link in the process of teaching and scientific research, and it is also an important way to assess and evaluate academic performance. The purpose of graduation thesis is to summarize students' learning achievements in school, cultivate students' ability to comprehensively and creatively use all the professional knowledge and skills they have learned to solve more complicated problems, and enable students to receive basic training in scientific research.
title
The title is the eye of the article. The title should reflect the most important ideological content of the article with the most concise words, which can be one or a subtitle.
Attention should be paid to the drafting of the topic: first, it should be appropriate; Second, it must be novel; Third, be eye-catching; Third, be concise.
For example, the analysis of XX based on XX requires theoretical analysis and in-depth study of a phenomenon, structure and system by using some theories, knowledge points and even specific things. If the topic is changed to "XX design based on XX", it is to use some phenomenon, structure and system to carry out theoretical analysis and application design of specific things.
catalogue
The table of contents is the guide map of the paper, and its main function is to facilitate readers' retrieval. Usually divided into multi-level forms. The first-level catalogue is the catalogue of each chapter, which can be divided into two or three levels. Its purpose is to subdivide complex problems into three levels at most.
Contents mainly include titles, appendices, references, etc. The main level of the text, and must be marked with page numbers.
abstract
The abstract, also called preface, introduction or introduction, is the epitome of the full text. Generally speaking, the executive summary should include the following contents: explain the background of the topic; Explain the purpose and significance of writing; Put forward the problems to be studied in the article; Put forward a central argument.
key word
Keywords are the key themes of literature. There are generally 2-5 keywords that are most closely related to the content of this article, and the order of each keyword is arranged according to the degree of closeness to the content of this article. Keywords should be directly related to the topic of graduation thesis, and keywords may not be words appearing in the topic. Keywords should be listed separately after the executive summary.
main body
The text is the most important part of the paper, and it is the display of research and achievements in the paper work. The text is divided into four parts: experimental part, experimental method, results and discussion and conclusion.
The text should have arguments, arguments and arguments. The writing of the text should be as follows: (1) Clear views and sufficient arguments; (2) Comprehensive analysis and rigorous argumentation; (3) The materials are true and the data are reliable; (4) The structure is rigorous and clear.
conclusion
The conclusion should be the final and overall conclusion of the graduation thesis, in other words, the conclusion should be the end and destination of the whole thesis, not the conclusion of a local problem or a branch problem, nor the simple repetition of each paragraph of the summary.
Conclusion Based on the text, briefly explain the principles, theoretical and practical significance revealed by the results of this study, or the unsolved problems in this paper and suggestions for further research.
Conclusion Common contents: (1) Summarize the main research results and main viewpoints of the paper; (2) Put forward the significance and value of the research; (3) Pointing out the unsolved problems and shortcomings in the research; (4) Put forward the direction of further research.
refer to
References must be documents that students have really read and have important reference function for papers, and at the same time, published materials should be selected. Mainly published academic journals, not too many books, but also directly related to the content of the paper. References should be listed in the order in which they appear. The number is generally not less than 8. Its main functions are
(1) The recorded references show respect for others' labor and do not infringe the original copyright.
(2) clearly mark the part that quotes other people's academic thoughts, theories, achievements and data, and give the source, which reflects the scientific basis of the paper and the inheritance and seriousness of science.
(3) clearly mark the part that quotes other people's academic thoughts, theories, achievements and data in the text, and give its source at the end of the paper, which can reflect the starting point and depth of the paper.
The format of references shall conform to national standards, such as:
A. Monograph [M]
[serial number] author. Title [Document Type ID [M]]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers.
B. Journal papers [J]
[serial number] author. Title of the article [J]. Title, Volume (Issue): Page number.
C. prose [C]
[serial number] author. Title of the article [C]. Place of publication: publisher, date of publication. Separate the page number of the document.
Express gratitude/gratitude
In the thank-you part, we should use concise words to express our gratitude to the tutors, teachers and other personnel who gave guidance and help during the graduation thesis work.
If this research is funded by scientific research fund, please also explain. The thank-you part can be placed at the end of the full text and before the reference part.
appendix
For some contents that are not suitable to be put into the text, but are an essential part of the graduation thesis or have important reference value, they can be included in the appendix of the graduation thesis. Such as original questionnaires, data, charts and their descriptions.