First, learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous (composition)

Learning without thinking, people will be blinded by the appearance of knowledge; Ignorant thinking will be more dangerous because of doubt.

This sentence can be regarded as a learning method advocated by Confucius. Blind reading, without thinking, can only be led by the nose by the book, will be tired of the book, thus being confused by the appearance of the book, can not be understood. I believe that all books are better than no books. However, just burying oneself in hard thinking without accumulating certain book knowledge, and then studying and scrutinizing knowledge, can only be an idiotic dream, the problem will still not be solved, and more doubts and dangers will arise. Only by combining learning with thinking can we learn useful knowledge.

Confucius said: "I try not to eat for a day and stay up all night." It's useless to think, it's better to learn. "

Xia Zi said: "erudite and determined, good at asking questions and thinking, and benevolence is among them."

All these emphasize the importance of combining learning with thinking.

Kant, a western philosopher, said that "perceptual ignorance is blind, while intellectual ignorance is empty." It can be said that it is surprisingly consistent with Confucius' sentence "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous". It can be seen that no matter how different regions and races are, the fundamental principles of human cognition and knowledge acquisition are often the same.

Second, learning without thinking is useless, and not learning is dangerous.

-On the Educational Thought of The Analects of Confucius

"Learning without thinking is useless", a person who only studies without thinking is equal to learning nothing; "Thinking without learning is dangerous", and dreaming without practicing is also harmful. Confucius taught us this sentence 2500 years ago. Looking back on the education and teaching process for many years, these ideas are flashing in both personal teaching work and the overall arrangement and implementation of education and teaching in schools.

First, there are no classes in teaching.

The famous Czech educator Mennius put forward: "The art of education is the art of teaching everything to all mankind."

Before Confucius, "learning is an official", only the children of nobles had the right to education. Therefore, only aristocratic children are qualified to be officials. However, in the era of Confucius, social politics, economy, culture and education were all moving down, which provided opportunities for private schools. Confucius seized this opportunity and started his "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" in the establishment of private schools, hoping to train "talents" and officials through education in order to realize his political thoughts. On the object of education, Confucius clearly put forward the idea of "teaching without class".

The implementation of the idea of "teaching without class" has expanded the social foundation of education and the source of talents, and undoubtedly played a positive role in improving the quality of all members of society. Therefore, Confucius' thought of "teaching without class" has epoch-making significance in the history of educational development. In modern society, especially after the 20th century, education has become the need and right of all citizens, and the universality and universality of education are more distinct and sufficient.

In 2008, I taught in a suburban school in Xining, located in the economically underdeveloped Nanchuan East Road area. Most of the students here come from the urban-rural fringe, with poor family conditions and lack of family education. In view of this situation, the school proposed that "not every student should develop, but all students should develop;" The innovative idea of "not asking every student to improve at the same time, but all students to improve, not asking every student to have the same specifications, but all students to be qualified" is to run "education that satisfies the people of Nanchuan" and is the concrete embodiment of "education for all".

Second, teach students in accordance with their aptitude

Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator in China, said: To cultivate and educate people, just like planting flowers and trees, we must first understand the characteristics of flowers and trees and give them fertilization, watering and training education according to different situations. This is called "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude".

Confucius was a great educator in ancient China. Since ancient times, no such educator has been worshipped by scholars for thousands of years. Apart from his good qualities, his admirable brilliant achievements are mainly due to his teaching thought of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

(A) Focus on demand, hierarchical optimization

Confucius' understanding of this issue is quite brilliant. He clearly put forward his own proposition: "If you are above the people of China, you can also talk orally. Below China people, you can't say it orally. " Then, in learning, what is "higher than the average person" and what is "lower than the average person"? Confucius also said: "The knower is not as good as the doer, and the doer is not as good as the musician." It seems that demand, that is, "I want to learn" and "I want to learn", should be the first element to distinguish its levels, while knowledge structure and cognitive level are the second elements. Through this distinction, the differences of students' interests, hobbies and talents are relatively in line with the actual situation of his education, and it is easier to educate him from different levels and angles, and it is easier and more economical to give play to the advantages of education and receive better educational results. Only under the condition that students' needs are the driving force can we talk about the effect of education; If you don't pay attention to the education that students need, you are either mediocre or stupid. The education students need is like the source of water, Chinomoto. This enlightens us that as teachers, it is far better to pay attention to students' needs, mobilize and cultivate students' interests, and guide students to develop along their interests than to force them to die.

(B) seize the characteristics, suit the remedy to the case

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the essence of Confucius' teaching thought in accordance with their aptitude, and it is also the guarantee for the implementation of this thought. It should not only be the characteristic of implementing quality education, but also be a shortcut to effectively train students.

Apply this theoretical basis to practical work and constantly improve our education and teaching methods. Every teacher not only pays attention to the teaching effect of this subject, but also plays a role in caring for and educating every student. While completing the task of subject teaching seriously, teachers should try their best to dig out the moral education factors in teaching materials and pay attention to moral education infiltration; At the same time, it helps and guides students' growth process in all directions. Give guidance in learning methods, mental health, and dealing with people. According to students' needs and different characteristics, we can not only divide levels according to grades, but also divide levels in class management and classroom teaching. After grading, different short-term goals and long-term goals will be set for each student, and different evaluations will be given according to each student's learning goals in homework, marking, classroom learning and evaluation. Not only that, we cultivate students in various ways. Such as "three-minute oral practice" in Chinese class and "students on duty" in English class; In the whole grade, poetry readings such as Three Character Classics, Disciples' Rules, and "When a teenager is strong, the country will be strong" will be carried out; The cultivation education of "speaking civilized words, doing civilized things and being civilized people" carried out by the whole school has educated students bit by bit in all aspects. After nearly a year's education and teaching practice, the comprehensive quality of students has been continuously improved.

(C) lifelong learning, accumulation of content

"There is no end to learning", a teacher often says when educating students. As a teacher, you also need to keep learning. Teachers need to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, which requires teachers to understand the needs of students, adjust teaching methods in time, and "teach" in a targeted manner. To this end, we have adopted a series of methods such as "follow-up observation class", "teaching and research group seminar" and "open school class" to improve and perfect teachers' "teaching". Colleagues learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths. As the saying goes, "A threesome requires a teacher."

Third, open education.

2 1 century, the global economy is moving closer to integration; China has experienced 30 years of reform and opening up; The minds of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor are getting wider and wider. Educators who shoulder the heavy responsibility of the country must never "build a car behind closed doors." The practice of "teaching rationally" has been unable to adapt to the changes of the times, the development of society, the demands of the people and the needs of the country. Education can't "turn a deaf ear to what's going on in the world and concentrate on reading sage books". It is necessary to link with life and society, so that students can gain something and apply what they have learned. The purpose of studying now is to benefit the society, build the country, revitalize the nation, master book knowledge, and at the same time, have good personality cultivation, correct outlook on life and values, and lifelong beneficial behavior habits. Our students and teachers should study hard, be good at thinking, be brave in practice and change, and "keep pace with the times".

As the saying goes: the sound of wind and rain, the sound of reading, family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world are all concerned.