Investigation report on small and medium-sized enterprises
The enterprises investigated by our research group are all small and medium-sized enterprises that have just experienced the financial crisis and are recovering. Because small and medium-sized enterprises have always been the focus of national attention, there are a lot of articles with different views, so this survey has given me a further understanding of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Present situation of small and medium-sized enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the national economy and are gradually becoming a new force in developing social productive forces.
2. Being in a leading position in the rural economy.
3. Small and medium-sized enterprises are indispensable partners and assistants of large enterprises.
operating characteristic
(a) the production scale is medium or small, so the investment is small, the construction period is short, and the effect is quick.
Compared with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are characterized by their small scale and highly centralized decision-making power. And all small enterprises are basically operated independently by one household, so that the motivation for capital to pursue profits is fully reflected in the enthusiasm of operators. Because operators are very sensitive to the ever-changing market, the integration of ownership and management rights can not only save the supervision cost of owners, but also help enterprises make decisions quickly. Secondly, small and medium-sized enterprises have a small number of employees and a simple organizational structure. Individual contributions in the enterprise are easily recognized, which is conducive to effective incentives for employees, unlike large enterprises, which are prone to laziness and inefficiency in a huge hierarchical organization. It can be seen that small and medium-sized enterprises have greater flexibility and elasticity than large enterprises in business decision-making and personnel incentives, so they can respond quickly to changing markets. The so-called enterprise is small, dynamic, flexible and efficient. While some large companies and multinational companies have to reduce their production scale in the world economic downturn, small and medium-sized enterprises are constantly adjusting their business direction and product structure in order to obtain new development.
2) Strong adaptability to market changes; The flexible mechanism can give full play to the advantages of "small but expert" and "small but alive". Because of its small scale and relatively limited manpower, financial resources and material resources, small enterprises cannot manage a variety of products to spread risks, nor can they compete with large enterprises in the large-scale production of a product. Therefore, they often put their limited manpower, financial resources and material resources into a small market that is ignored by large enterprises, and focus on the operation of a small product to continuously improve product quality. Judging from the similar successful experiences of countries all over the world, it is one of the most effective ways for many small and medium-sized enterprises to survive and develop in the fierce competition to choose market segments that can enable enterprises to give full play to their own advantages and take the growth path of specialization to make up for deficiencies, small ones to make up for big ones and expertise to win. In addition, with the professional and cooperative development of social production, more and more enterprises have got rid of the organizational forms of "big and comprehensive" and "small and comprehensive". Small and medium-sized enterprises have established close cooperative relations with large enterprises through specialized production, which not only objectively and strongly supports and promotes the development of large enterprises, but also provides a reliable foundation for their own survival and development.
(3) The business scope is wide, the industry is complete, and there are many aspects; The cost is high and the task of improving economic benefits is arduous.
Generally speaking, large-scale, single product production can give full play to the advantages of equipment and technology, and the investment is huge, but large-scale, single variety can only meet the needs of social production and people's daily life. When some small-scale personalized needs appear, large enterprises are often difficult to meet. Therefore, in the face of the increasingly prominent consumer demand in today's era, the production of consumer goods has changed from large-scale and single to small-scale and diversified. As individuals, small and medium-sized enterprises generally have the shortcomings of single business variety and low production capacity, but on the whole, they have the business advantages of being close to the market, close to customers, flexible mechanism and quick response, so they are conducive to adapting to diversified and ever-changing consumer demand; Especially in the retail business field, residents' daily sporadic and diverse consumption needs can be met through the flexible service methods of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the fastest growing force in scientific and technological innovation.
Modern science and technology have two influences on the development direction of industrial technology, equipment and products. On the one hand, it is developing in the direction of large-scale and centralization; On the other hand, it is developing towards miniaturization and decentralization. Miniaturization and decentralized production of products
It provides favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially under the conditions of new technological revolution. Many small and medium-sized enterprises are often founded by scientific and technological personnel of large enterprises and research institutes, or university professors. They are often managers, owners and inventors, and can immediately put new technological inventions into practice. Because of this, since the 1970s, small and medium-sized enterprises with new technologies have mushroomed, and they have achieved great success in the fields of microcomputers, information systems, semiconductor components, electronic printing and new materials. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have rapidly grown into world-famous large companies such as Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Yahoo, Sony and Xerox in just a few years or longer.
Actively implement the strategy of technological innovation and continuously enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
In the final analysis, the so-called competitive advantage of an enterprise is determined by the value it can create for customers, but the value depends on the core competence of the enterprise-technological innovation. Market competition is not so much product competition and service competition as technology competition. Because the value added brought by the improvement of service and product quality and the reduction of cost is limited after all, the value brought by new products developed through technological innovation is infinite.
In view of the traditional advantages of low-cost labor, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, which are increasingly facing new challenges in current international trade, it has become the focus to seek the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises through technological innovation. Specifically, small and medium-sized enterprises should proceed from the fact that their own talents and funds are relatively insufficient, adhere to the market demand-oriented, on the one hand, actively use the scientific research and technology advantages of scientific research units and universities, and promote the transformation of science and technology into productivity as soon as possible by sharing research and development results; On the other hand, small and medium-sized enterprises lack the conditions and funds to independently develop new products, so they should pay attention to their strengths and avoid weaknesses and focus on developing their core expertise.
For example, make full use of existing high-tech at home and abroad to transform traditional production processes and improve the scientific and technological content of products and resource utilization. In addition, products can be improved without fundamentally changing their properties. Such as changing its shape, packaging, color, accessories and so on. And change and innovate its production and processing technology, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing costs, improving quality and improving the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and foreign markets.
To cultivate the core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, we should not only develop products, technologies and services with unique competitive advantages, but also guide enterprises to the path of benign development through reasonable property rights structure and system design. Most SMEs belong to the private nature of individuals or families. Due to the high concentration of power, the work of enterprises is often orders rather than plans, which is too arbitrary; With the expansion of enterprise scale and the improvement of management level, the defects of property right system are increasingly exposed.
Let employees participate in enterprise management, give full play to their intelligence, arouse their enthusiasm and build a "participatory" corporate culture, which can promote the formation of a high degree of team spirit, reduce decision-making mistakes and ensure the sustainable development of enterprises. The development strategy of enterprises is diversified. Small and medium-sized enterprises should follow a principle when making specific strategic choices: the principle of "the fittest is the best", that is, small and medium-sized enterprises should make timely, moderate and appropriate strategic choices for enterprises and the environment according to their own characteristics. With the development of economy, the survival of small and medium-sized enterprises will encounter more difficulties. In the long run, small and medium-sized enterprises can create more space for their healthy development as long as they scientifically formulate development strategies according to their own conditions, control business risks and turn unfavorable factors into favorable conditions.
Under the financial crisis, search engine marketing has become the most popular promotion method for enterprises.
Among the enterprises that have launched search engine marketing, 90% indicated that they will increase or maintain their investment in search engine marketing in 2009, and even among the enterprises greatly affected by the financial crisis, the proportion is as high as 8 1.7%, indicating that search engine marketing is increasingly welcomed and recognized by the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises.
After the restructuring, the surveyed enterprises no longer passively wait for government funds to solve the capital problem in the operation process as before. Under the new system and new business philosophy, they actively raise funds in various ways.
In addition to actively communicating with banks to obtain their support, enterprises will pay more attention to their own development and the accumulation of internal funds, and flexibly use their own funds through internal retained profits. With the support of national policies, small and medium-sized enterprises are thriving. Their most urgent need in informatization is to improve work efficiency and establish basic management norms, which requires the support of information solutions exclusive to small and medium-sized enterprises, rather than adopting extensive management or continuing the traditional large-scale enterprise model. With the gradual maturity of information technology, it is believed that more and more small and medium-sized enterprises will join the ranks of informatization.