Based on the characteristics of opera performance and the basic quality requirements for opera actors, this paper makes a preliminary discussion on the contents of professional skills training and artistic literacy of opera actors, and expounds the importance and necessity of professional skills training and cultural literacy of opera actors.

Keywords: opera actor; Professional skills: artistic accomplishment

Performing arts is the art of shaping characters by actors themselves, and it is also a creative activity for people to perform. Don't think that actors can express the emotional activities of "characters" just because they have all the emotional contents of human beings, but they need certain professional skills training and cultural and artistic accomplishment.

1 professional skills training

1. 1 body training

For actors, form is the most basic creative material. Physical training is the scientific and standardized basic physical skills training for actors, changing the original untrained natural form of actors, making them straight, stretched, flexible and handy, with the plasticity that actors need. Lay a solid foundation of the body, as stanislavski said: "Make the rough body more delicate." Opera actors should complete basic skills training. Mainly training waist skills, leg skills, figure, catwalk, soft and hard carpet skills, jumping and so on. Opera actors must undergo long-term strict basic skills and technical training, accumulate a large number of procedural means, and have a solid "foundation" to be competent for their jobs. Because of the characteristics of traditional Chinese opera performance, for actors, ① there is a strict business distinction (such as: life, Dan, clean, end, ugly) and stylization, generally regardless of line performance; (2) The visual feeling of traditional Chinese opera performance to the audience is accomplished by the actor's "four skills" (singing, reading, doing and playing) and "five skills" (hand, eye, body, method and step) on the stage, which is more exaggerated than the natural form in real life and the artistic forms such as movies and dramas, and has strong symbolic freehand brushwork; (3) Traditional Chinese opera performance is bound by the rhythm of external sound accompaniment and the rules of strings, and it has certain stipulation. Actors use various changes of their bodies in specific situations to reveal the psychological activities of characters.

1.2 programming skills training

Program is the most basic expression of life in traditional Chinese opera; The program is an imitation of life, and it is also a generalization, exaggeration, modification and even deformation of life; The program comes from life, higher than life. The stylized performance is one of the main features of China's traditional operas. For example, stylized techniques such as sleeve-pulling, hair-throwing, feathers, hat wings and fingering are used to express the emotional activities of characters, such as joy, anger, sadness and joy, while some situations are expressed by "riding a horse" and "walking sideways". There are "small fast guns", "32 knives" and "group fights" that indicate the confrontation between the two armies. Only after long-term training of body programming skills can actors make their body movements fully adapt to the needs of the opera stage. Only in this way can the experience be accurately, vividly and vividly reflected. Imagine an actor who has no waist skills, no leg skills, no catwalk, no boots, and messy hair. How to act, theory and role experience will all go up in smoke.

In the past, although some famous opera actors did not have profound theories, through long-term technical training and stage experience, they mastered the rules of stage performance program technology, coupled with their own observation, understanding and perception of life, so their every move and eyes on the stage were always so coordinated that they reached a handy and comfortable situation. Their creative tasks on the opera stage are particularly substantial and dazzling.

1.3 Opera music training, singing and chanting.

Actors must seriously study and master traditional Chinese opera music (civil and military field), aria and its transformation, Daobai and so on. Music, singing and chanting play a very important role in China traditional opera performances. Generally speaking, China traditional opera is inseparable from gongs and drums and music. Drums and music are indispensable in every play. Music, including percussion, plays four roles in China traditional opera, namely: ① expressing the thoughts and feelings of characters; ② Introduction time; ③ Introduce the location; 4 set off the atmosphere. Generally speaking, it is to introduce the prescribed situation to help portray the characters and convey the external rhythm of their inner feelings. Therefore, learning music, gongs and drums and singing is a compulsory course for actors. The atmosphere and rhythm of a play are closely related to the emotions of the characters. Only by accurately grasping the internal rhythm of the characters can the actors accurately identify the external rhythm of the whole play. Music is a part of the whole spiritual activity, which is carried out with the internal rhythm and external rhythm. Only by accurately finding the inner rhythm and inner feelings of the characters can actors accurately find music. Music is determined by the emotion and rhythm of the characters, and the use of music makes the emotional rhythm of the characters more vivid and vivid. Only by mastering the knowledge of gongs and drums and finding out the emotions and situations of the roles they play can actors know what to play, what to sing, what to go through, what gestures, postures, characters and dances to use. Only in this way can we accurately grasp the rhythm, speed, strength and so on. In the performance, know how to adapt to the drums, music, stage conditions and scheduling to better express the feelings of the characters, so as to make the characters in the performance more vivid and prominent. Singing is a compulsory course for opera actors, and singing is an extremely important means in opera performance. Opera singing profoundly reflects the changes of characters and story. Singing should combine emotion, cavity and words closely, convey emotion with sound, affect people and infect the audience. Actors must learn word pronunciation, breath control, accent charm, intonation and so on. And we must study hard on technical skills, complete the perfect, true and profound embodiment of our role, let the audience hear their voices and know their meaning, and achieve the real artistic performance effect.

2 cultural and artistic accomplishment

2. 1 cultural literacy

Cultural accomplishment is the basis of traditional Chinese opera performance. While practicing basic skills, actors should pay attention to the study of cultural lessons and constantly improve their cultural quality. Only by constantly learning and delving into cultural knowledge can actors have a deeper understanding of the connotation of literary works, and gradually transform what they have learned into performing arts, infiltrate into the created artistic images, and have an effect on the taste of the created artistic images. On the stage, we should not only know why, but also know why. Actors should gradually learn to turn their professional knowledge and artistic practice into theory to guide and improve their performing arts ability, which also requires extensive cultural knowledge, such as philosophy, history, literature, music, art and all professional-related knowledge.

2.2 Ideological and moral character and quality of life

Ideological and moral character is the cultivation of moral sentiment and noble feelings. Learn to be a man first. Art is the cause of beauty, which provides people with spiritual food of truth, goodness and beauty. People should be sincere to themselves, their colleagues and their career, and have good professional ethics, so as to cooperate happily and closely with others in the collective creation of drama. Life is the source of artistic creation, and opera art comes from life above life. For a long time, many opera actors have not deeply understood that life is the source of creation. They always thought that it was a writer's business, or that "going deep into life and experiencing life is a requirement for drama and film actors." People who engage in drama don't have to go deep into life, but they don't know that drama and life are inseparable. Shaping characters according to life is also a tradition of China traditional opera, which is worth inheriting. It is very important for actors to go deep into life, understand life, get familiar with life and get real life feelings. An actor should have a good observation of things and a good memory of the impressions he gets. Be diligent in observation. As long as you have seen, studied, read a lot and visited many places, you can always imagine similar situations in your own way. Be good at observation and discover the characteristics of beauty from common phenomena. We should go deep into life, experience life (including direct experience and indirect experience), be good at accumulating experience and enhance the power of memory representation. Because the expressive force of memory is the basic condition of actors. Therefore, actors should not only study hard and practice basic skills, but also be good at observing and thinking, actively participate in social practice activities, accumulate a lot of life materials and experience, and constantly improve their cognitive ability, memory representation and imagination. On the basis of careful analysis of the script, we put ourselves in the specified situation of the script, thus causing similar associations to a certain life and the sincere experience of the actors, so as to find out the self-feelings of the characters in a specified situation, find out the psychological clues of the characters, run through the psychological journey of the characters like beads, and finally express the characters with accurate actions, so that the actors' performances can be based on real emotions and achieve the purpose of "being in it". Only when the drama is performed, can it not be false, can it show live and real people to the audience, and combined with the artistic realm created by the beautiful form of the drama, can the drama look good and have vitality.

;