Abstract: With the development of China automobile industry, the used car market has become an important part of the automobile market. In recent years, the used car market in China has been growing at a rate of 20% ~ 30% every year.
Cars are high-tech industrial products. Whether it is used as a production tool or daily necessities, it will gradually wear and age with the increase of service life or mileage, and its performance and structure will also change, and its price will depreciate and eventually be scrapped. Therefore, used cars are completely different from new cars, so it is necessary to establish a used car trading system and predict its future development trend.
Nowadays, the second-hand car market in China has just started. For those who are optimistic about this market, it may take several years for the second-hand cars in China to explore in this industry before they can gradually move towards specialization and standardization. There are still some problems in domestic second-hand car trading. At present, the domestic second-hand car market is mostly traded in the professional second-hand car market, and the market management is mixed, and the rights and interests of consumers are not well protected. At the same time, there is a lack of strict supervision over the transaction process. Compared with cars with strong technical expertise, consumers are often in a weak position, and how to protect them is still a problem. Of course, national laws are also working in this direction, and it is just around the corner to establish perfect laws and regulations to regulate the used car market. The second-hand car market in China needs a perfect law and regulation to guide it.
Research and Future Development of Used Car Trading System
Abstract: With the development of China's automobile industry, the second-hand market has become an important part of the automobile market. In recent years, the second-hand car market in China has grown at a rate of 20% to 30% every year.
Automobile is an industrial product with high-tech content. Whether it is used as a production tool or daily necessities, it will gradually wear and age with the extension of service life or the increase of mileage. The performance and structure of the automobile will also change, the price will depreciate and it will eventually be scrapped. So ... Used cars are completely different from new cars. We need to establish a used car trading system and predict its future development trend.
At present, the second-hand car market in China has just started. It may take several years to be optimistic about a market in this industry. In this industry, the second-hand cars in China are gradually becoming professional and standardized, and there are still some problems in the domestic second-hand car trading. At present, the second-hand car trading in the domestic second-hand car market is more specialized, the market management is mixed, and the rights of consumers are better protected. At the same time, in the transaction process, there is a lack of strict transaction control, and consumers are often at a disadvantage compared with cars with strong technical expertise. How to protect them is still a problem. Of course, the laws of the country are working hard in this direction, and a sound legal rule of the second-hand market has been guaranteed. The second-hand car market in China needs a perfect law and regulation to guide it.
First, the characteristics of the second-hand car market in China
After nearly ten years of development, the second-hand car market in China has initially explored a development path with China characteristics, and has formed a certain scale, with the following remarkable characteristics:
1. It started late, developed rapidly and has great potential.
The second-hand car market in China started in the early 1990s. With the rapid development of national economy, the establishment of socialist market economic system, the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the continuous enhancement of social purchasing power, it has laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of China's automobile market. As an important part of the automobile market, the used car market has achieved a fundamental change from scratch and from big to small. In the short period of more than five years from the release of 1998 "Management Measures for Second-hand Car Trading" to 2003, the volume of second-hand car trading has doubled at a rate higher than the average annual rate of 25%. In developed countries, more than 80% first-time car buyers choose to buy used cars, which is very different from our consumption habits. As cars gradually enter the family as ordinary commodities, consumers' consumption concept gradually matures, and consumers no longer blindly pursue luxury and decency when buying cars, so more buyers will choose second-hand cars first, and the buying group of second-hand cars will become larger and larger.
Judging from the proportion of used cars and new cars, in 2003, the volume of used cars in China accounted for about 1/3 of the volume of new cars, while that in developed countries was generally 2 to 3 times. Therefore, the second-hand car market in China is still in its infancy and has great development potential.
2. The transaction is relatively concentrated and the flow direction is obvious.
China's second-hand car trading is mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized cities with developed economy and large car ownership, and the flow trend is obvious. Among them, the second-hand car trading markets in Beijing and Shanghai are the earliest and the largest in China, accounting for about 20% of the national trading volume. The flow of used cars presents four major trends: first, it flows from cities to towns; The second is from east to west; Third, from economically developed areas to economically backward areas; The fourth is from high-income people to low-and middle-income people.
3. The function of the second-hand car trading market is improving day by day.
The second-hand car market is the main channel of second-hand car circulation in China at this stage. This market form is more in line with the consumption habits of China people. After several years of cultivation and development, it has begun to take shape, with the following characteristics: (1) providing a centralized trading place for both the supply and demand sides, so that consumers can see the local used car market at a glance in a trading market; ⑵ Relevant functional departments of the government come to the door to handle affairs in a unified way, and implement "one-stop" service to provide convenience for consumers; ⑶ The market has formulated relevant management measures and trading procedures to ensure the legality of vehicles entering the market; ⑷ The market effectively protects the rights and interests of consumers to some extent by strengthening the management of brokerage companies and standardizing their trading behavior.
4. The bridge function of brokerage company
A group of second-hand car practitioners with higher education level obtained the qualification of brokers through training, and set up a brokerage company with legal person qualification, which turned the unorganized "patchwork" into an organized, disciplined and regular brokerage behavior. Second-hand car brokers have been engaged in second-hand car trading for a long time and have a lot of information resources. Buyers and sellers realize the transfer of used cars through the intermediary services of brokerage companies. Brokerage companies act as a bridge between buyers and sellers and enliven the market.
Second-hand car auctions are becoming more and more popular.
Bidding auction of used cars has won the favor of enterprises and consumers who sell cars in batches because of its advantages of low transaction cost, short transaction cycle and quick realization. By organizing regular and irregular on-site auction and online bidding of used cars, the transaction speed of used cars can be improved, the transaction cost can be reduced, and the abnormal transaction behavior caused by human factors can be restricted, so that automobile sales units and individuals can quickly realize the transformation from goods to money.
Two. Handcart trading system
Analysis of Used Car Trading Environment in China
Analysis of China's Future Development Prospect from Foreign Used Car Market
Drawing on the experience of foreign used car market, the domestic used car market should grasp three norms:
First; Price, professional analysis, the profit of used cars is much higher than that of new cars. High profit is an important reason for the active second-hand car market abroad and an important factor for the sustainable development of the second-hand car market. Cheap prices are one reason why used cars sell well, and another reason is the value of cars. The same car, the new car may last up to 4-5 years, but the price is higher. Compared with new cars, used cars have a longer service life and are much cheaper.
Second; Market system, in the second-hand car market in developed countries, has generally formed a relatively perfect acquisition and sales system. Governments around the world have also formulated relevant laws and regulations on second-hand car trading to protect consumers' rights and interests. In Switzerland, new cars are exempt from inspection within five years, and are inspected every three years after five years. In Italy, new cars are inspected every two years after they have been driven for four years. General vehicles will dispose of themselves after driving for 8 years. If it exceeds 10 years, it will be directly recovered by the designated dismantling enterprise. At the same time, a scientific, perfect and authoritative used car evaluation system has been established. The domestic second-hand car market system is not perfect, but the government has given policy support and will be more and more perfect.
Third; After-sales service standards, in foreign countries, standardized after-sales service standards are implemented for used cars. The state determines the qualifications of operators and regulates their trading behavior by formulating laws and regulations, managing trade associations and brand automobile enterprises. Through unified service standards, they enable consumers who buy used cars to enjoy the same after-sales treatment as new car sales in a certain period of time. In Switzerland, all owners who buy used cars can get a warranty and enjoy a two-year warranty. This commitment is guaranteed not only in Switzerland, but also in Europe. If the owner resells the car within two years, the warranty period can be transferred to another owner with the replacement of the owner. This approach not only solves the worries of buying used cars, but also promotes the sales of used cars. The after-sales service of used cars in China is not very standardized, and even some used car markets may not have after-sales service, which has to attract the attention of people in the industry. Whether there is good after-sales service is the key to the continuous development of products. Although it is a used car, we should build one.
Future trend of used car market
Looking at the future trend of used car market from the current market situation and policy trend
First, the second-hand car market analysis
1. The used car market is developing rapidly with obvious regional characteristics.
With the blowout development of the domestic automobile market, after the number of cars reached a certain level, the second-hand car transaction also increased rapidly at an annual rate of nearly 20% in the past few years, and the second-hand car transaction volume rose rapidly from 930,000 in 2002 to 134. 100 in 2004. Among them, cars and buses account for nearly 60% of the total transaction volume. Judging from the volume of second-hand car transactions, the main areas of second-hand car transactions are concentrated in East China, Central South China, North China and Southwest China. Among them, the second-hand car trading in key areas such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong is more active. The top five provinces and cities in 2004 were: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Liaoning. At the same time, the growth rate of some areas is faster than that of central cities. For example, in Chengde, Hebei, Jincheng, Shanxi, Pingdingshan, Henan, Yushu, Shaanxi and other regions, the volume of used cars in 2004 increased by more than 1 times year-on-year, and the growth rate was obviously faster than that of central cities. In terms of consumption structure, there are also obvious regional differences. For example, in the second-hand car transactions in Beijing, Tianjin and Wuhan, private transactions account for more than 80%; However, in Shanghai and Hangzhou, the proportion of bus transactions is as high as 60%.
2. The growth rate of used cars exceeds that of new cars, and the choice space continues to increase.
In 2004, the national second-hand car transaction volume increased by 20.2% year-on-year, surpassing the growth rate of new car sales for the first time. Especially due to the frequent listing of new cars and the continuous price reduction, 60-80% of used cars sold in 2004 were models within 4-6 years, and the selection of used cars increased.
3. Eight problems hidden behind the rapid development of the used car market.
With the development of the market, many long-standing problems in the second-hand car trading in China have also emerged, some of which have even become serious obstacles to the further development of the second-hand car market.
(1) The trading market has a single function, lacks modern marketing methods, and basically earns a living by charging trading fees.
(2) Affected by the price reduction of new cars, the operating risks of used car dealers have increased.
(3) The regulations of the used car industry are seriously lagging behind and the timeliness is insufficient.
(4) Lack of effective supervision of industry integrity.
(5) The trading behavior is not standardized and there is a lack of relevant industry standards.
(6) The valuation of used cars is arbitrary, and the actual valuation is quite different from the theoretical value.
(7) Lack of used car dealers with standardized operation and advanced concepts.
(8) There is no perfect national second-hand car trading market information network system.
Second, the future development trend of the used car market
Trend 1: The second-hand car market has a bright future.
From the macro environment of the used car market, there are four obvious trends to stimulate users' demand for changing cars, and the used car market will show a good growth momentum.
(1) The per capita income has increased year by year, and the number of wealthy people has increased. At present, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities have reached the basic automobile consumption standards, and the per capita annual income of middle and senior leaders of some enterprises, white-collar workers of foreign enterprises/joint ventures, private operators and other classes has reached more than $6.5438+0 million. These people are a stable group of changing cars.
(2) New car competition stimulates car change. The fierce competition of automobile manufacturers has brought more and better models, cheaper prices and better services to the market. Some car consumers obviously feel that buying a car now is more valuable than in the past, so many car owners even change cars frequently.
(3) People with unstable income frequently change cars. The proportion of migrant workers in big cities in China has increased. These people buy cars for business when they make money, and sell them for turnover when they need cash investment. These people have become a huge car-changing consumer group at this stage.
(4) Environmental protection and economic incentives to change cars. Various places have revised automobile emission standards, and consumers have been forced to change cars; The maintenance cost of old cars is relatively increasing, so it is better to replace them than to repair them.
Trend 2: Multi-agent coexistence is about to take shape.
From the perspective of the business entities of the used car market, with the liberalization of the policy, new car shops, car auction companies and used car shops will enter the used car market one after another in the next few years, and the pattern of coexistence of multiple entities in the used car market is about to take shape. Especially those auto auction companies with foreign investment background have been looking for partners in China, which will eventually pose a real threat to the existing pattern of the domestic used car market.
Trend 3: Brand used car replacement will be gradually recognized.
The brand used car replacement established by automobile manufacturers based on new car sales stores will meet the needs of consumers more effectively. At the same time, the second-hand car business will promote the new car sales of automobile manufacturers, improve brand loyalty and increase profits to a certain extent. Brand used car replacement has its own advantages:
The unique advantages of (1)4S network;
(2) years of brand assurance and professional value evaluation technology;
(3) Providing after-sales quality assurance and value-added services;
(4) Low-cost and fast transaction procedures.
Of course, the replacement of brand used cars also has some disadvantages. For example, the tangible market of used cars has huge business channels and information resources, while automobile manufacturers and their dealers do not, and their business foundation is still relatively weak.
Trend 4: The automobile sales and circulation system is developing in depth.
Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that with the increasing number of cars in China, the second-hand car trade will surely develop by leaps and bounds. At present, users are worried about the standardization and order of existing used car transactions, and have great expectations for automobile manufacturers, car dealers and used car evaluation agencies.
1, users' expectation of automobile service life is relatively short.
The survey shows that nearly 40% of users plan to use the vehicle for 3-5 years; Among them, the life expectancy of compact and small car users with relatively high market share is relatively short.
2. More than half of users plan to dispose of used cars by "selling used cars".
According to the survey, half of users regard "selling used cars" as the main way to deal with used cars.
At the same time, the user's expected price for resale of used cars is relatively low, about 30% of the price of new cars.
4. The main body of used car business expected by users.
The survey shows that most users want the second-hand car replacement business to be carried out by "brand dealers", "automobile manufacturers" or "second-hand car evaluation agencies". They think it is not advisable for the government to carry out the second-hand car replacement business and question the fairness of the government; It is considered that it is best for manufacturers to carry out the second-hand car replacement business.
But most car owners think it is difficult for manufacturers to operate by themselves; It is considered that the second-hand car appraisal agency is not suitable for the second-hand car replacement business, and the valuation will be unfair as long as the transaction is handled; It is considered that it is more appropriate for the franchised dealer designated by the manufacturer to carry out the second-hand car business.
Establishing perfect after-sales service is definitely an important part of the development of used cars.