First, the general procedure of graduation thesis defense 1. Students must submit their graduation thesis in triplicate, together with the outline and draft, to the instructor half a month before the thesis defense meeting, and draw up the questions and answers that need to be asked. 2. At the defense meeting, ask students to outline the topic and the reasons for choosing the topic, about 15 minutes. Introduce the main arguments, arguments and writing experience of the paper in detail. 3. The main defense teacher asks questions. The main defense teacher usually asks three questions. After the teacher asks questions, students can prepare 15-20 minutes by themselves, and then come back to the scene to answer them. According to the specific situation of students' answers, the main defense teacher and other defense teachers can ask questions at any time. Students can quit after answering all the questions one by one. According to the quality of the paper and the defense situation, the defense Committee collectively decides whether to pass or not, and formulates achievements and comments. 5. When recalling students, the main defense teacher will summarize the situation in the process of thesis and defense for students, affirm their advantages and disadvantages, point out their mistakes or shortcomings, and make necessary supplements and explanations. At the same time, the results of the paper will be announced to the students. 2. The main way of answering questions is 1. Questions should follow the principle of easy before difficult. The presiding teacher usually asks three or more questions to each respondent. These questions should be asked in the order from easy to difficult. The first question should generally be considered as a question that students can answer well. If students answer the first question well, they will relax their nervousness and enhance their confidence that "I" can answer well. This will help to play a normal level in the later question defense. 2. Ask questions step by step. In order to correctly test students' mastery of professional basic knowledge, it is sometimes necessary to divide a big question into several small questions and adopt a step-by-step questioning method. When the respondent's point of view is different from his own, we should discuss with him in a gentle manner and in a negotiated tone, that is, we should be "elders" and practice our skills. Don't be condescending and rude. Don't pretend to be the master of "truth" and easily use negative judgments such as "wrong", "wrong" and "fallacy". Remember the adage that "what is right may be wrong, and what is wrong may be right" and take good advice. You don't have to impose your own views on others, just take your own views out for the other party's reference. Guide questioning method. Teachers who have participated in the thesis defense Committee may have encountered such a situation: students can't answer your questions, and some just "stay" helplessly; Some ramble and beat around the bush with you. In fact, he doesn't know the answer either. In this case, the defense teacher can neither let the students "stay" in embarrassment, nor let them talk to God, but should enlighten or guide them in time. Only through inspiration and guidance can they judge that they really don't have this knowledge if they still can't answer or get to the point. Third, students should successfully pass the defense. In order to really play their own level in defense, in addition to full preparation before defense, we also need to understand and master the essentials and art of defense. (1) Bring necessary materials and supplies: First, students should bring papers and main reference materials when attending the defense meeting. At the defense meeting, after the main defense teacher asks questions, students can prepare for a certain period of time and then answer them face to face. In this case, the necessity of carrying papers and main reference materials is self-evident. Secondly, you should also bring a pen and notebook to record the questions and valuable opinions and opinions raised by the main defense teacher. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key points and essence of the teacher's questions. At the same time, you can remember and think while making the thinking process natural. Don't be nervous: on the basis of full preparation, don't be nervous, but be confident. It is very important to build confidence and eliminate nervousness and panic, because excessive nervousness will make questions that can be answered impossible. Only when you are confident and calm can your defense perform well. Self-confidence mainly comes from making full preparations in advance. (3) After listening to the questions clearly, think about it before answering: When the main defense teacher asks questions, students should concentrate on listening carefully, jot down the answers to the questions in the notebook, carefully scrutinize the key points and essence of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, and don't answer them in a hurry without understanding the meaning of the questions. If the question is not clear, you can ask the teacher to say it again. If you don't understand some concepts in the question, you can ask the teacher to explain them, or tell your own understanding of the question and ask if this is what you mean. Don't answer until you get a positive answer. Only in this way can we avoid answering irrelevant questions and get to the point. (4) Answering questions should be concise and clear: after knowing the exact meaning of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, you should respond in a short time, and speak your thoughts confidently in fluent language and positive tone, without hesitation. Answer questions to the point, be concise and to the point. Second, strive to be objective, comprehensive and dialectical, leaving room to avoid saying "death"; Third, we should analyze the words in detail and have a clear hierarchy. In addition, pay attention to clear words and moderate voice. (5) Don't argue with unanswerable questions: Sometimes the teachers of the defense committee are not satisfied with the answers given by the respondents, and will ask further questions to find out whether the author really understands and grasps this question. In this case, if the respondent is sure to make it clear, he can state the reasons for his defense. If you are not sure, you can try to answer carefully and answer as much as you can, even if it is not exact, it doesn't matter. As long as it is related to the question, the teacher will guide and inspire you to get to the point; If it's really a problem you haven't figured out, you should explain it realistically and say that you must study this problem seriously in the future, and you must not argue irrationally and find fault, because the teacher of the defense Committee may have studied this problem specially, and no matter how clever he is, he can't fool him. Here we should understand that it is not surprising that students are asked a question at the defense meeting. Because the members of the defense Committee are generally experts in this field, naturally they can't answer a certain question. Of course, not all questions can be answered, and it is not normal to ask three questions. (6) When the main point of view in the paper is different from that of the main defense teacher, you can argue with them: in the defense, sometimes the main defense teacher will put forward a point of view different from the basic point of view in your paper, and then please talk about it. At this time, you should try your best to defend your point of view and refute the opposite point of view. Among the questions asked by the main defense teacher, there are some basic knowledge questions and some academic inquiry questions. For the former question, it is not negotiable to ask you to give a correct and comprehensive answer. For the latter problem, right and wrong are indistinguishable, and people with different views can discuss each other. If the basic ideas of your thesis are carefully thought out by yourself, it is reasonable, well-founded and self-evident. Don't give up your point of view just because the members of the defense Committee put forward different opinions. Otherwise, it is equivalent to denying the paper that you have worked so hard to write. You know, some defense teachers put forward different views from yours, not his own. He just wants to hear your comments and opinions on this point of view. Or test your defense ability or the firmness of your point of view. To say the least, even if you ask a teacher your own opinion, you should argue with him with the attitude of "I love my teacher and I love the truth more". However, when arguing with the defense teacher, we should pay attention to the discretion and use appropriate arguments. Generally speaking, you should give priority to your own opinions and use euphemistic language to refute each other's arguments as much as possible. Please ask questions. Secretly, around the way of speaking, I input my own views to the other party without showing any trace, so that the other party can be convinced orally or secretly. Let the teacher who asked questions feel that although he accepted your opinion, his self-esteem was not hurt. For example, at a defense meeting, when a teacher explained the monopoly of high profits, he described the monopoly of high profits as the part of profits higher than the average profit. The defending students realized that the teacher's explanation was wrong. They said in a calm and confused tone. From the applause of the questioning teacher, we know that he has wholeheartedly agreed with your point of view. In such a debate, the defense teacher will not only not embarrass you, but will think that you have a good level and a solid foundation. (7) Be polite: the process of thesis defense is also a process of academic exchange. Respondents should take this as a good opportunity to learn from the defense teachers and experts, ask for advice and ask questions. Therefore, in the whole process of defense, the respondent should respect the teachers of the defense Committee and behave in a civilized and polite manner, especially when the questions raised by the main defense teacher are difficult to answer, or the defense teacher's views are different from his own. After the defense is over, leave calmly and politely, regardless of the defense situation. In addition, after the graduation thesis defense, the author should listen carefully to the judgment of the defense Committee and further analyze and think about the opinions put forward by the defense teacher. Summarize the experience and lessons of thesis writing. On the one hand, through this graduation thesis writing, we should know what scientific research methods we have learned and mastered, and improve our ability to ask questions, analyze problems, solve problems and conduct scientific research. What are the shortcomings that can be used for reference when studying other topics in the future? On the other hand, we should seriously think about the questions and opinions raised by the defense teachers at the thesis defense meeting, revise our own papers, deepen our research, and seriously revise our own papers.