classify
All forms of new energy come directly or indirectly from the heat generated by the sun or the earth. Including solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, water energy and ocean energy, as well as energy generated by biofuels and hydrogen from renewable energy. It can also be said that new energy includes all kinds of renewable energy and nuclear energy. Compared with traditional energy sources, new energy sources generally have the characteristics of less pollution and large reserves, which is of great significance to solve the serious environmental pollution problem and the depletion of resources (especially fossil energy) in the world today. At the same time, because many new energy sources are evenly distributed, it is also of great significance to solve the war caused by energy.
According to the world's assertion, resources such as oil and coal mines will be reduced at an accelerated rate. Nuclear energy and solar energy will soon become the main energy sources.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) classifies new energy sources into the following three categories: large and medium-sized hydropower; New renewable energy sources, including small hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, modern biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy; Infiltrate biomass energy.
Generally speaking, conventional energy refers to energy that is technically mature and has been used on a large scale, while new energy usually refers to energy that has not been used on a large scale and is being actively developed. Therefore, coal, oil, natural gas and large and medium-sized hydropower are regarded as conventional energy sources, while solar energy, wind energy, modern biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are regarded as new energy sources. With the progress of technology and the establishment of the concept of sustainable development, the industrial and domestic organic wastes that used to be garbage have been re-recognized and deeply studied, developed and utilized as an energy utilization material. Therefore, the resource utilization of waste can also be regarded as a form of new energy technology.
The energy resources that mankind has just developed and utilized and need further research and development are called new energy sources. Compared with conventional energy, new energy has different contents in different historical periods and scientific and technological levels. In today's society, new energy usually refers to nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and so on.
According to the categories, it can be divided into: solar wind power generation, biomass energy, biodiesel, ethanol, new energy, automobile fuel cells, hydrogen energy, garbage power generation, energy-saving buildings, geothermal energy, dimethyl ether and combustible ice.
General situation of new energy
It is estimated that the solar energy radiated to the earth every year is 65.438+0.78 billion kilowatts, of which 5-65.438+0.000 billion kilowatt hours can be developed and utilized. However, due to the scattered distribution, it can be used very little at present. Geothermal energy resources refer to the total heat content of rocks and water bodies within 5000 meters below land. Among them, the global geothermal energy resources with high temperature above 150℃ within 3 km of land are10.4 million tons of standard coal, and some countries have started commercial development and utilization at present. The world's wind energy potential is about 350 billion kilowatts, and it is difficult to use it economically because of the intermittent dispersion of wind power. If the technology of energy transmission and storage is greatly improved in the future, the utilization of wind power will increase. Ocean energy includes tidal energy, wave energy, seawater temperature difference energy and so on, and its theoretical reserves are very considerable. Limited by the technical level, it is still in the small-scale research stage. At present, because the utilization technology of new energy is still immature, it only accounts for a small part of the total energy needed in the world, and its future development prospects are great.