It's best to write a paper on geography, because geography covers a wide range. If you are arrogant, you are likely to lose your tail, which will lead to generalities. Model essay: On the wholeness of geographical environment The wholeness of geographical environment refers to the fact that various elements and parts of natural complexes of different sizes in the world are interrelated and restricted each other, thus forming a complete, independent, internally consistent and externally unique whole. The interrelation and interaction between various elements and parts in the geographical environment are reflected in the following aspects: First, this element affects other elements in the geographical environment, and the change of this element affects the change of other elements. For example, the center of the mainland and the west coast of the mainland are controlled by subtropical high and trade winds, and are controlled by subtropical high downflow and trade winds from inland all the year round, so the climate is extremely dry. Due to lack of water, shallow or no surface runoff, strong physical weathering, prevailing wind drive, forming a large desert, gravel desert, sparse vegetation, and animals are quite poor due to lack of food. The above elements are linked, and one element affects the other. When one of the elements changes, the other elements will change accordingly because of its influence. If human beings divert water for irrigation in desert areas and change the water element, other factors and the whole geographical environment will change and form an oasis in the desert. For another example, on both sides of the equator, it is usually a tropical rain forest area, but in the Andes and the East African Plateau on both sides of the equator, other factors and the whole geographical environment have also changed due to the change of topography. The geographical environment of the Andes is vertically distributed, while the East African Plateau is a tropical grassland landscape. In addition, in the process of the interaction of various elements of geographical environment, causes and consequences often exchange positions. For example, in the low-lying areas on both sides of the equator, dense tropical rain forests grow because of high temperature and rainy all the year round, latosol develops on the ground, and many animals live in the forest. The high temperature and rainy climate here is the cause, and the dense tropical rain forest is the result. However, in some tropical rain forest areas, forest vegetation has been seriously damaged due to man-made deforestation, which will further affect climate, soil, animals and so on. , so that the whole geographical environment changes, and grassland and semi-desert landscape appear. Obviously, the change of vegetation here is the cause, but the change of other factors has become the result. Secondly, geographically, this chapter will affect other parts, and changes in this part will affect changes in other parts. For example, most of North America and Europe are located in the westerly belt of the northern hemisphere, Europe is located in the western part of Eurasia, and North America is located between the two oceans. However, the climate in Europe is maritime, while that in North America is dominated by temperate continental climate. The important reason is that the alpine plateau in western North America prevents the warm and humid westerly winds from entering the mainland from the Pacific Ocean, so that the impact of the Pacific Ocean is limited to the Pacific coast, and the impact on the vast eastern region is very small, which can not be compared with the impact of the Atlantic Ocean on the European climate. Because of the different climate, the geographical environment of the two continents is significantly different, which shows that the alpine plateau region of North America has a great influence on the formation of the geographical environment characteristics of the whole North America. For example, the geographical environment of the same latitude areas on the east and west sides of the Andes in South America is different: the Guiana Plateau and Orinoco River Plain in the east are savanna areas, and the rainforest areas in the west of the same latitude; The eastern Amazon plain is a tropical rain forest area, and the western side of the same latitude is a tropical grassland and a tropical desert area; To the south of 40 south latitude, there is a temperate forest area in the west, and the Patagonia Plateau in the east is a temperate semi-desert and desert area. Obviously, the Andes mountains play an important role in the differentiation of geographical environment between the east and the west of South America. It is this part of the Andes that affects its east and west. For another example, there are glacial periods and interglacial periods in geological history. During the ice age, a large amount of surface water was consolidated on the land in the form of ice, which led to the decline of sea level and the exposure of the continental shelf. As a result, the land area has expanded, the outline has changed, and the distribution of animals and plants on the land has also changed. At the same time, the sea level decline also reduces the base level of river erosion flowing into the ocean, strengthens river erosion, deepens river valley cutting, and violently divides the land topography; During the interglacial period, the ice layer consolidated on the mainland melted and returned to the ocean, and the sea level rose and flooded the continental shelf. At the same time, the land area is shrinking and the sea level is rising, which increases the erosion datum of land rivers and weakens the river shear force, so the division of land topography is not intense. The above shows that the extension and retreat of some glaciers in the mainland has extended its influence to the whole world. Here, it is obvious that the expansion and contraction of glaciers are the cause and their influence is the result, but on the other hand, the expansion and contraction of glaciers are caused by many reasons. Here, we can also see that in the process of the interaction of various elements and parts of the geographical environment, the causes and results are interchangeable. Third, the development and changes of any elements and parts in natural complexes at all levels in the world must be restricted by the whole. Once the natural complex is formed, it is stable, and its internal elements and parts are inseparable parts of the whole. It is difficult to change any of them alone. Of course, under the strong influence of human beings, the geographical environment will also change locally, such as local oases in desert areas due to artificial irrigation; Due to man-made logging, grassland and semi-desert landscape can appear in some parts of the tropical rain forest, but once the human influence stops and is allowed to develop naturally, as long as the atmospheric circulation situation remains unchanged, the geographical environment will eventually return to its original appearance. It can be seen that the development and changes of any element and part are bound to be restricted by the overall geographical environment. The above shows that the elements and parts of the geographical environment are interrelated and interactive, and * * * together constitute a whole with close internal relations, relatively consistent external relations and uniqueness. The change of some elements affects the whole, on the contrary, the whole also restricts the development and change of some elements. Take this paper as an example, it clarifies the theme. It's easier to write more. You can use its format and choose another major research field to write.